Comparison of technical specifications between domestic and foreign high level isolated units / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#By analysis the differences of technical specifications among National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and European Network of Infectious Disease (EUNID)domestic and foreign, to provide a reference for the construction of high-level isolation units (HLIUs) in China.

Sequence-based identification of microbial contaminants in non-parenteral products

ABSTRACT Phenotypic profiles for microbial identification are unusual for rare, slow-growing and fastidious microorganisms. In the last decade, as a result of the widespread use of PCR and DNA sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing has played a pivotal role in the accurate identification of microorganisms and the discovery of novel isolates in microbiology laboratories. The 16S rRNA region is universally distributed among microorganisms and is species-specific. Accordingly, the aim of our study was the genotypic identification of microorganisms isolated from non-parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. DNA was separated from five isolates obtained from the formulations. The target regions of the rRNA genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced using suitable primers. The sequence data were analyzed and aligned in the order of increasing genetic distance to relevant sequences against a library database to achieve an identity match. The DNA sequences of the phylogenetic tree results confirmed the identity of the isolates as Bacillus tequilensis, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and B. amyloliqueficians. It can be concluded that 16S rRNA sequence-based identification reduces the time by circumventing biochemical tests and also increases specificity and accuracy.

RESUMO Os perfis fenotípicos para identificação microbiana são incomuns para micro-organismos raros, de crescimento lento e exigentes. Na última década, em resultado do uso generalizado de PCR e sequenciação de DNA, a sequenciação do rRNA 16S tem desempenhado papel crucial na identificação precisa do micro-organismo e a descoberta de novos isolados em laboratórios de microbiologia. A região de rRNA 16S é universalmente distribuída entre micro-organismos e é espécie-específica. A genotipagem foi realizada sobre os organismos isolados a partir de formulações farmacêuticas não parenterais. O DNA foi separado dos cinco isolados obtidos a partir das formulações. As regiões alvo dos genes de rRNA foram amplificados por PCR e sequenciados utilizando os iniciadores adequados. Os dados dos sequência foram analisados e alinhados na ordem crescente de distância genética de sequências relevantes contra biblioteca de dados para obter a identidade. A sequência de DNA de árvores filogenéticas confirma a identidade dos isolados como Bacillus-tequilensis, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus e B. amyloliqueficians. Pode-se concluir identificação baseada na sequência do rRNA 16S reduz o tempo por evitar testes bioquímicos e também aumenta a especificidade e a precisão.

Fatty acids in an estuarine mangrove ecosystem

Fatty acids have been successfully used to trace the transfer of organic matter in coastal and estuarine food webs. To delineate these web connections, fatty acid profiles were analyzed in species of microbes (Azotobacter vinelandii, and Lactobacillus xylosus), prawns (Metapenaeus monoceros and Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and finfish (Mugil cephalus), that are associated with decomposing leaves of two mangrove species, Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina. The fatty acids, except long chain fatty acids, exhibit changes during decomposition of mangrove leaves with a reduction of saturated fatty acids and an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids. The branched fatty acids are absent in undecomposed mangrove leaves, but present significantly in the decomposed leaves and in prawns and finfish, representing an important source for them. This revealed that the microbes are dominant producers that contribute significantly to the fishes and prawns in the mangrove ecosystem. This work has proved the fatty acid biomarkers as an effective tool for identifying the trophic interactions among dominant producers and consumers in this mangrove. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 577-587. Epub 2010 June 02.

Los ácidos grasos se han utilizado con éxito para estudiar la transferencia de materia orgánica en las redes alimentarias costeras y estuarinas. Para delinear las interacciones tróficas en las redes, se analizaron perfiles de ácidos grasos en las especies de microbios (Azotobacter vinelandii y Lactobacillus xylosus), camarones (Metapenaeus monoceros y Macrobrachium rosenbergii) y peces (Mugil cephalus), que están asociadas con la descomposición de las hojas de dos especies de mangle, Rhizophora apiculata y Avicennia marina. Los ácidos grasos, con excepción de los de cadena larga, exhiben cambios durante la descomposición de las hojas de mangle, con una reducción de los ácidos grasos saturados y un aumento de los monoinsaturados. Los ácidos grasos ramificados están ausentes en las hojas de mangle sin descomponer, pero presentes de manera significativa en las hojas descompuestas, en camarones y peces, representando una fuente importante para ellos. Esto revela que los microbios son productores dominantes que contribuyen significativamente con los peces y camarones en el ecosistema de manglar. Este trabajo demuestra que los marcadores biológicos de los ácidos grasos son una herramienta eficaz para la identificación de las interacciones tróficas entre los productores dominantes y consumidores en este manglar.