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@#Progressive reduction of visual field is the main feature in glaucoma patients.The paranoid personality and anxiety/depression characteristics of glaucona patients run through the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. The correlation between different visual fields and various cognitive components may lead to cognitive changes or different degrees of emotional disorders in the process of visual field impairment, while the emotional/psychological disorders in glaucoma patients with anxiety/depression as the main characteristics have negative effects on the range of peripheral vision and visual acuity. As a result of the interaction between body and mind, the speed and degree of visual impairment of glaucoma have characteristic changes. "Psychogenic error" or "functional error" will lead to the misjudgment of pathological damage of visual function. Attention to the interaction between mood disorders and visual field impairment in glaucoma patients has promoted the development of combined intervention strategies of body and mind on the course of glaucoma.
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RESUMO Apresentamos o 'naturalismo biológico' de John Searle enquanto possível referencial filosófico para um estudo da mente em diálogo com a neurociência contemporânea. O método utilizado baseia-se em uma revisão crítica e sistemática das principais obras de John Searle sobre a consciência e o problema mente-corpo, com eventuais consultas a outros autores. Nosso objetivo principal é demonstrar que a resolução apresentada por Searle ao problema mente-corpo acaba por introduzir um dualismo de propriedades ou de perspectivas que não resolve, de fato, o problema. Apesar disso, reconhecemos a posição apresentada por Searle como um avanço importante na tentativa de enfrentar a tradição cartesiana e alguns de seus caudatários contemporâneos.
ABSTRACT In this paper we present John Searle's 'biological naturalism' as a possible philosophical reference for a study of the mind in dialogue with contemporary neuroscience. The method used in the present study is based on a critical and systematic review of John Searle's major works on consciousness and the mind-body problem, with occasional recourse to other authors. Our main goal is to show, though the analysis of arguments and original citations, that Searle's alleged resolution to the mind-body problem introduces a kind of property dualism or perspectival dualism, which in fact does not solve that problem. Notwithstanding, we recognize that Searle's account presents an important advance in the attempt to challenge the Cartesian tradition and some of its contemporary advocates.
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In fall 2012, we renovated the grounds surrounding our hospital and constructed a “rehabilitation promenade,” along which patients could stroll and be in touch with the natural environment. The course is 500m long and includes pathways through a wood and along a pond. Using the promenade, patients can go for a stroll, exercise, or interact with other people. In our ambulatory rehabilitation center, the promenade has been incorporated in one of the center’s programs since last year. This time, we herein report a survey on the changes in the mental and physical function over a 6-month period from May 2013 and their satisfaction level with the use of the promenade by a questionnaire in December 2013. 22 subjects with a mean age of 77.5 ± 6.8 years were included in the survey on the mental and physical functions. Also, in satisfaction survey, valid responses were received from 58 individuals (mean age, 78.2 ± 8.2 years; 25 men and 33 women). As a result, in terms of the 6-month changes in mental and physical functions were generally maintained. In the questionnaire, more than 90% of users were satisfied with their use of the promenade, and the statistical analysis revealed that the highest level of satisfaction concerned going outside (p<0.01). For example, “I could feel the fresh air and the seasons” and “I could see a range of scenery.” In addition, compare the results for each category according to sex, the women chose significantly more answers that were related to interacting with other people, whereas the men chose significantly more answers that were related to exercise. From this survey, utilizing the surrounding environment may enable the development of more varied and satisfying forms of rehabilitation. We will continue with initiatives that utilize the promenade to help improve the QOL of those who use it.
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In fall 2012, we renovated the grounds surrounding our hospital and constructed a “rehabilitation promenade,” along which patients could stroll and be in touch with the natural environment. The course is 500m long and includes pathways through a wood and along a pond. Using the promenade, patients can go for a stroll, exercise, or interact with other people.<BR>In our ambulatory rehabilitation center, the promenade has been incorporated in one of the center’s programs since last year. This time, we herein report a survey on the changes in the mental and physical function over a 6-month period from May 2013 and their satisfaction level with the use of the promenade by a questionnaire in December 2013.<BR> 22 subjects with a mean age of 77.5 ± 6.8 years were included in the survey on the mental and physical functions. Also, in satisfaction survey,valid responses were received from 58 individuals (mean age, 78.2 ± 8.2 years; 25 men and 33 women).<BR> As a result, in terms of the 6-month changes in mental and physical functions were generally maintained.<BR> In the questionnaire, more than 90% of users were satisfied with their use of the promenade, and the statistical analysis revealed that the highest level of satisfaction concerned going outside (p<0.01). For example, “I could feel the fresh air and the seasons” and “I could see a range of scenery.”<BR> In addition, compare the results for each category according to sex, the women chose significantly more answers that were related to interacting with other people, whereas the men chose significantly more answers that were related to exercise.<BR> From this survey, utilizing the surrounding environment may enable the development of more varied and satisfying forms of rehabilitation. We will continue with initiatives that utilize the promenade to help improve the QOL of those who use it.
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The relationship of mind and body has stimulated extensive discussion for a long time. However, answers are ambigous and not forthcoming yet. Meanwhile, after the western medicine had embraced materialistic paradigm, conditions which cannot be substantiated by organic change were pushed out to periphery under the banner of "Medically Unexplained Symptoms". Medical experts endeavored to understand these mysterious illnesses based on the mind-body relationship and provided a frame of interpretation called Psychosomatic Medicine. This frame of interpretation had influenced not only the communication practice but also the health-seeking behavior and even the subjective experience of patients regarding their illnesses. The frame of interpretation had been drastically changed many times keeping pace with the socio-economic situation and the new scientific discoveries. Accordingly, body or mind was given differential importance by medical experts. For instance, when treatment modalities were lacking, mind was given excessive importance and patients were blamed for their unconscious motives, characterological weaknesses and for their lack of responsibility. In contrast, after the discovery of effective drug, mind was given no more attention and patients were no longer blamed for their contribution to suffering. In this paper, the historical change of the frame of interpretation for understanding migraine and headache was presented as an example. By this, it can be demonstrated how the frame of interpretation has modified the subjective experience of patients, and how the patients' responsibilities were viewed differently. This observation can help to realize the enormous influence of the frame of interpretation provided by medical experts.
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Humanos , Cefalea , Trastornos Migrañosos , Medicina PsicosomáticaRESUMEN
La implantación y difusión de las artes marciales japonesas en Occidente supuso la importación de prácticas socioculturales privadas de las premisas de su contexto de origen. ¿Cómo afrontar estas prácticas que son ajenas a nuestra identidad cultural? Una interpretación estricta exige entenderlas como prácticas corporales con una idiosincrasia cultural, caracterizadas por incorporar una experiência vivencial en la que el cuerpo ocupa un lugar preeminente. Su enseñanza y aprendizaje se establecen a través de un sistema triangular integrado por una esencia espiritual, una forma técnica y una estructura física (sin-gi-tai), que se inserta en un proceso singular (shu-ha-ri).
Implantation and spread of Japanese martial arts in the West supposed the importation of socialcultural and private practices of the premises of their context of origin. How to face up to these practices alien to our cultural identity? A strict interpretation requires they have to be understood as body practices with a cultural idiosyncrasy and characterized by incorporating a living experience in which the body has a prominent place. Their teaching and learning are set through a triangular system consisted of a spiritual essence, a technical way and a physical structure (shin-gi-tai) which is inserted in a singular process (shu-ha-ri).
A implantação e difusão das artes marciais japonesas no Ocidente supõem a importação de práticas socioculturais privadas das premissas de seu contexto de origem. Como afrontar estas práticas que são fora de nossa identidade cultural? Uma interpretação estrita exige compreendê-las como práticas corporais com uma idiossincrasia cultural, caracterizadas por incorporar una experiência vivencial em que o corpo ocupa um lugar preeminente. Seu ensino e aprendizagem se estabelecem através de um sistema triangular integrado por uma essência espiritual, uma forma técnica e uma estrutura física (shin-gi-tai), que se insere em um processo singular (shu-ha-ri).
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MedicinaRESUMEN
Lee Je-ma (1837-1900) was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician. He classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang[tai yang] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person, greater yin[tai yin] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features. Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types. This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy. According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being, human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking, not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body. The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body' that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual.As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.