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This article discussed the evolution of the traditional preparation process of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata.The production methods for Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata in Song Dynasty include cake-making of Pinelliae Rhizoma together with ginger juice and fermentation after cake-making,and the former method of cake-making was the mainstream.The process technology in Jin and Yuan Dynasties inherited from that in Song Dynasty,and the application of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata had certain limitations.The medical practitioners of Ming Dynasty elucidated the mechanism of processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata,and proposed the view of"sliced Pinelliae Rhizoma being potent while fermented Pinelliae Rhizoma being mild".In the Ming Dynasty,LI Shi-Zhen defined the cake-making process and fermentation process for Pinelliae Rhizoma,and HAN Mao's Han Shi Yi Tong(Han's Clear View of Medicine)contained five prescriptions for the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata,which had the epoch-making signficance in the expansion of prescriptions for the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata.In the Qing Dynasty,HAN Fei-Xia's ten methods for making Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata were summarized on the basis of the methods recorded in Han Shi Yi Tong,and at that time,the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata and the preparation of Massa Medicata Fermentata interacted with each other.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the local experience in the preparation of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata was deeply influenced by the methods in the Qing Dynasty,and the local preparation technical standards gradually became the same.Moreover,this article also explored the issues of the importance of"Pinelliae Rhizoma"and"ingredients for fermentation",the pre-treatment of Pinelliae Rhizoma,the distinction between cake-making process and fermentation process for Pinelliae Rhizoma,the amount of flour added as well as the timing of adding,the addition of Massa Medicata Fermentata powder,the role of Alum in Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata and so on.
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Based on the pharmacovigilance thoughts of Chinese medicine of cognition, application, prevention and rescue of drug toxicity, to sort out the pharmacovigilance information in representative herbal works of the Ming dynasty, and to analyze the characteristics of the pharmacovigilance thoughts of the Ming dynasty, so as to provide reference for rational drug use in modern clinical practice. Taking Bencao Pinhui Jingyao, Bencao Gangmu, Paozhi Dafa, Bencao Shengya Banjie, Bencao Mengquan as the blueprints, and taking the traditional Chinese medicines in these books as the research objects, the text information was extracted from the four aspects of drug identification, drug use, drug prevention and detoxification, and the idea of pharmacovigilance was summarized. In Ming dynasty, pharmacovigilance had a systematic understanding, and cognition of drug toxicity was clear in identifying poison and correcting the mistakes of predecessors, in the aspects of using and preventing poisons, the use of poisons was prominent, the compatibility and process of poisons were emphasized, and the methods and mechanism of poison relief were clear in detoxification. Ming dynasty has initially formed the whole pharmacovigilance theoretical frame of cognition, application, prevention and rescue of drug toxicity, which has certain guiding and reference significance for modern clinical rational drug use.
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At the beginning, this paper introduced the concept of merit in folk medicine simply. Secondly, the situation that although the healer cure but with no contribution is introduced to analyze the reason. Finally, it discussed the characteristics of the doctor-patient relationship based on treatment effect of Ming dynasty and realis-tic enlightenment to current doctor-patient relationship:the industry has threshold, general knowledge should be unbounded;the responsibility has expanded, merit must be clarify;rights are in the ascent, exercising right should be in accordance with the laws;the rules are very important, later supervision is also needed.
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[Objective]This study explores the acknowledgement of Ma Zhaosheng ’s life. [Method]This study, having been conducted by searching and combing historical documents, might come to a conclusion. [Result]Ma Zhaosheng, whose style name was ruibo and whose pseudonyms were wujingandyudan Taoist, lived in Changshu of Jiangsu provine during the Ming dynasty. His birth and death years were roughly 1570-1650 years. Ma yuanjun was his father, brother Ma Zhaozhen. Ma Zhaosheng had four sons: Ma Jue with style name of boxian, Ma Cha with style name of zhongzhao, Ma Menggui with style name of qiuqing and Ma Tinggui with style name of dangu. The medicine works of Ma Zhaosheng, the last disciple of Miao Xiyong, were more than ten kinds, but most scattered, the only remaining were the book of The Revised Print Of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the article of The Foreword Of Opinions About Talking Medicine. Ma Zhaosheng paid more attention to herbalism, and had rich clinical experience and abundant writings. [Conclution]The textual research on Ma Zhaosheng provides an important historical for analysis of his medical achievements. This research facilitates the study of Miao Xiyong’s mentoring relationship, his medical ideas and clinical experience in depth.
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The apoplexy was first formally proposed by Zhang Zhongjing in TCM.After extensive study of the medical researchers,its on causes,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment and prescription were developed.The cause and pathogenesis covered three stages:The period of exopathic wind,endogenous wind and combination of internal and external wind.The knowledge of the cause and the pathogenesis of the apoplexy during Jing,Yuan and Ming dynasty focused on endogenous wind.The article reviews the medical researchers' understanding of the apoplexy's pathogenic rule from the review on classical literatures of this period.
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During the Ming dynasty,great progress had been made on the theoretical and clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of phlegm disease in TCM.It mainly showed that: during this period,unprecedented monographs about phlegm diseases such as 《Tan Huo Zhuan Men》,《Tan Huo Dian Xue》 appeared.The ancient medical scholars all paid attention to the in? uence and harm of the phlegm to the body and accumulated abundant experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment,further made a great summary to provide reference to the posterity.In this article,several physicians’ academic thoughts of phlegm disease were chosen to research.The theories and experience of ancient medical scholars were explained.It has important theoretical and practical values for the health preservation and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Spleen-yin theory was the innovation of doctors in Ming Dynasty for Piwei theory of Dongyuan based on the inheritance of nourishing yin theory of Danxi. But because of rise of stomach yin theory, spleen yin theory was ignored gradually. This article revealed the neutralizing therapeutic conception contained in this theory, which was hoped to be applyed into medical practice and to be deepened furtherly.
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The development of formulas in the Ming Dynasty surpassed the previous dynasties in range and depth.The main achievements of formulas were not only the coming out of Puji Fang and Yifang Kao,but also the diversity of formulas nomenclature and variation,initial perfection of formulas classification and composition,continuous invention of new distinctive formulas,steady increment of remedy books and wide application of preparations.