Commonly Used Vomiting Animal Models / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Vomiting is a common clinical symptom. Long-term severe vomiting could seriously reduce the life quality of patients, so it is necessary to be intervened with antiemetic drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of vomiting with remarkable a curative effect. It has the advantages of multi-component, multi-target and multi-system synergistic antagonism. However, due to the active substance and unclear mechanism, it is urgent to adopt an internationally recognized vomiting model system to evaluate the antiemetic characteristics, elucidate the vomiting mechanism, and provide reference for better clinical application. Therefore, this paper systematically introduces several vomiting animal models that are widely used at home and abroad. According to the authors' own experimental experience, this paper focuses on the rat and mice pica models for reference of relevant researchers. Specifically, ferrets are an internationally recognized ideal vomiting animal model, and the golden standard for evaluating the effects of antiemetic drugs, suncus murinus is the smallest mammalian vomiting model. Rodents have no vomiting reflexes, but studies have shown that its pica behavior is equivalent to the vomiting behavior of other species. Because the easy availability and operation, the model has been promoted and applied in mainland China. Guizhou mini-pig model is a self-developed medium-sized mammalian vomiting model with a similar anatomical structure and vomiting characteristics to human, and worthy of popularization and application. In conclusion, different vomiting models have their own characteristics that need to be optimized according to the purpose of experiments and samples.

Microbiological and parasitological investigation of experimental minipigs in Guangdong province / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To conduct a microbiological and parasitological investigation of experimental minipigs in Guangdong province. Methods Four major experimental minipig production units in Guangdong province were included in this investigation. Samples were taken from a total of 154 pigs of 4 brreds, i. e. , Bama minipigs, Juema minipigs, Tibet minipigs and Wuzhishan minipigs. Pig fur, scales, serum, rectal swabs and feces samples were collected for detection of 20 pathogens. The data were analyzed and compared among the production units and breeds. Results Mixed infections were detected in all the four institutions. The infection rates of 7 pathogens were rather high: Streptococcus suis type 2 (50. 7%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (40. 3%), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (100%), Japanese encephalitis virus (41. 3%), porcine circovirus type 2 (74. 8%), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (73. 8%),gastroenteritis virus (44. 7%). Porcine parvovirus (26. 0%), pseudorabies virus(15. 6%) and intestinal worms (3. 2%) were also detected in some animals. The immune qualified rates of classical swine fever virus (62. 8%) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (35. 8%) were rather low. The immune qualified rate of pseudorabies virus was as high as 98. 4%. Besides, Salmonella, Brucella, swine dysentery snake like spirochetes, dermatophytes, influenza virus. Toxoplasma gondii, ectoparasites, and coccidia were not detected. Conclusions The results of this investigation indicate that epidemiological quality control of pathogens in experimental minipigs and efforts to establish high grade minipig population in Guangdong province remain to be strengthened. Our study also provides a basis for revision of local and even national standards for experimental minipigs.

Comparison of three anesthetic procedures during the establishment of and recovery effect on adolescent Guizhou minipig models of skull defect / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective We compared the effect of three anesthetic procedures on the establishment of and recovery effect on the young minipig models of skull defect,and explore an optimal anesthetic procedure for long-lasting surgical experiment in minipigs.Methods Thirty 3-month old Guizhou minipigs (male∶female=1∶1) were randomly divided into three groups,10 in each group.The group A was given with midazolam and ketamine i.p.,the group B received lumianning II i.p.,and the group C received midazolam combined with ketamine and lumianning II i.p.The induction time of anesthesia,the first anesthesia maintenance time,the first anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the second time anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the recovery period,the number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,cumulative amount of anesthetics used,and the adverse reaction and mortality rates of the animals after anesthesia were observed and analyzed.Results The anesthesia induction time in the group B was significantly longer than that in the groups A and C (P<0.05 for both).The anesthesia maintenance time and the anesthesia maintenance after first and second additional use of anesthetics in the groups A were significantly longer than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).The recovery periods in groups A and C were shorter than that of the group B (P<0.05 for both).The number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,the total dose of anesthetics,the adverse reaction and mortality rates in the group C were significantly lower than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions The combination of midazolam with ketamine and lumianning II is a simple,easy to control the anesthesia depth,and a safe method to anesthetize young minipigs in long-lasting surgical experiment.

Microbiological and parasitological investigation of experimental minipigs in Guangdong province / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To conduct a microbiological and parasitological investigation of experimental minipigs in Guangdong province. Methods Four major experimental minipig production units in Guangdong province were included in this investigation. Samples were taken from a total of 154 pigs of 4 brreds, i. e. , Bama minipigs, Juema minipigs, Tibet minipigs and Wuzhishan minipigs. Pig fur, scales, serum, rectal swabs and feces samples were collected for detection of 20 pathogens. The data were analyzed and compared among the production units and breeds. Results Mixed infections were detected in all the four institutions. The infection rates of 7 pathogens were rather high: Streptococcus suis type 2 (50. 7%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (40. 3%), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (100%), Japanese encephalitis virus (41. 3%), porcine circovirus type 2 (74. 8%), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (73. 8%),gastroenteritis virus (44. 7%). Porcine parvovirus (26. 0%), pseudorabies virus(15. 6%) and intestinal worms (3. 2%) were also detected in some animals. The immune qualified rates of classical swine fever virus (62. 8%) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (35. 8%) were rather low. The immune qualified rate of pseudorabies virus was as high as 98. 4%. Besides, Salmonella, Brucella, swine dysentery snake like spirochetes, dermatophytes, influenza virus. Toxoplasma gondii, ectoparasites, and coccidia were not detected. Conclusions The results of this investigation indicate that epidemiological quality control of pathogens in experimental minipigs and efforts to establish high grade minipig population in Guangdong province remain to be strengthened. Our study also provides a basis for revision of local and even national standards for experimental minipigs.

Characterization of swine leukocyte antigen class I genes and homology analysis of the similarity to HLA in GGTA1 -/- Wuzhishan minipigs / 中国实验动物学报

Objective This study was aimed to characterize the swine leukocyte antigen( SLA) class I genes of GGTA1 -/ - Wuzhishan minipigs and compare their similarity to human leukocyte antigen( HLA) . It has important implica?tions for understanding the cellular rejection in xenotransplantation. Methods Specimens of ear tissue from six founding GGTA1 -/ - Wuzhishan minipigs were collected, and the SLA class I genes (SLA?1, SLA?3, SLA?2) were amplified by RT?PCR. Purified products were cloned into pEASY?T1 vectors and sequenced, followed by BLAST alignment and using bioin? formatc analysis to characterize the SLA class I genes and compare with the similarity to HLA. Results A total of six al?leles were detected, among them alleles were previously reported (SLA?1?0703,SLA?2?1102, SLA?3?0401, SLA?3?0403), and the other were novel (SLA?1?0401wz01, SLA?2?11wz01). The homology between alleles of SLA class I genes in Wuzhishan minipigs and HLA was from 70?5% to 72?1%. The homology analysis of critical amino acid residues on HLA binding with human CD8 + molecules showed that SLA?1?0401wz01, SLA?1?0703, SLA?2?11wz01, SLA?2?1102 and SLA?3?0401 occurred mutant at amino acid positions 225 and 228 ( T→S,T→M) , whereas the other loci were highly conserved. There was a high homology at amino acid level between SLA?2?11wz01, SLA?2?1102 and HLA class I genes which are NK cell KIRs binding sites. Conclusions The amino acid sequences of SLA class I genes of GGTA1 -/ -Wuzhishan minipigs have a high homology to HLA. From the point of view of cell?mediated xenograft rejection, the amino acid sequences of SLA class I genes of GGTA1 -/ - Wuzhishan minipigs have a high homology to HLA, therefore, Wzhishan minipigs may become a good potential donor for pig?human xenotransplantation.

Echocardiography analysis of bama minipigs anesthesia by xylazine hydrochloride / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore effect of Xylazine hydrochloride on Bama minipigs under general anesthesia. To emphasize safety consciousness of general anesthesia. To research cardiac main function and structure of normal Bama minipigs in preparation for the subsequent comparative medicine research. Methods 43 Bama minipigs, inject in post aurem muscles of neck with 5 mL of mixed drug conclude Xylazine hydrochloride (2 mL), Atropine Sulfate(1 mL) and Droperidol(2 mL) on each one. Echocardiography after general anesthesia. Observe induction and recovery time of anesthesia, anesthesia maintaining time, total check time and the others. Introduce the method of simple endotracheal intubation. Results Anesthesia, induction period (18 ±3)min, maintaining period (40 ±5)min, recovery period (60 ± 10)min. Echocardiography, LAD (2?54 ± 0?20) cm, LVDd (3?41 ± 0?25) cm, LVDs (2?28 ± 0?23) cm, IVSTd (0?60 ± 0?07) cm, LVPWTd (0?59 ± 0?07) cm, AoD (1?77 ± 0?18) cm, EDV (48?59 ± 8?31) cm, ESV (18?28 ± 4?46) mL, SV ( 39?30 ± 5?16 ) mL, LVEF ( 62?76 ± 5?01 )%. Conclusions Intramuscular injection of xylazine hydrochloride with droperidol and atropine sulfate on bama minipigs for general anesthesia is a highly conserved specie in cardiovascular system and safe. We obtained some information of cardiac main function and structure of normal Bama minipigs which could provide reference for scientific research and veterinarian clinic.

Lesões pré-ulcerativas gastroesofágicas em miniporcos / Gastroesophageal ulcer research in mini pigs

A úlcera gastroesofágica figura como uma das principais causas de morte súbita de suínos em fase de reprodução. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os achados anatomopatológicos das lesões gástricas subclínicas em miniporcos. Quarenta animais, com peso médio de 39kg e idade de 17 meses, foram mantidos em biotério, em condições de temperatura e umidade constantes, alimentados duas vezes ao dia, sendo depois eutanasiados e necropsiados. Os estômagos foram colhidos e avaliados. Macroscopicamente, 29 animais apresentaram alterações na região aglandular, sendo que 37,5% foram classificadas no grau 1; 22,5%, no grau 2; e 12,5%, no grau 3. Microscopicamente, 29 (72,5%) miniporcos apresentaram paraqueratose. Destes, 35% tinham a forma moderada, 25% a discreta e 12,5% a acentuada. As lesões glandulares foram mais extensas na região cárdica, seguida da antral e fúndica. Trinta e seis (90%) animais apresentaram lesão em pelo menos uma das três regiões. Em 21 (52,5%) mini- porcos observou-se hiperatividade mucípara com catarro; em 17 (42,5%), aumento da atividade mucípara; em dez (25%), erosão. Os achados revelaram alta prevalência de lesões pré-ulcerativas nos estômagos dos miniporcos. A presença destas relacionou-se à gravidade macroscópica: quanto mais graves, mais intensa a paraqueratose.

Gastro-esophageal ulcers are one of the principal causes of reproduction pigs sudden death. This work aimed to evaluate the pathological findings of subclinical gastric lesions naturally occurring in mini pigs. Forty mini pigs with a mean weight of 39.0 kg and 17 months of age kept in animal facility, under constant temperature and humidity, and fed twice a day, were euthanized and necropsied. Their stomachs were collected and evaluated. Macroscopic lesions in aglandular portion were observed in 29 animals, and 37.5% of them were classified as grade 1, 22.5% as grade 2, and 12.5% as grade 3. In 29 (72.5%) animals parakeratosis was microscopically seen: 35% had the moderate manner, 25% discreet and 12.5% severe one. Glandular lesions were more extensive in the cardia region, followed by antral and fundic. Thirty-six (90%) animals had lesions in at least one of three regions. In 21 (52.5%) mini pigs, it was observed mucipara hyperactivity with phlegm; in 17 (42.5%), increased mucipara activity; and in ten (25%), erosion. Findings revealed high prevalence of pre-ulcerative lesions in the stomachs of mini pigs. The presence of these was related to the macroscopic gravity: the more serious, more intense was the parakeratosis.

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of growth hormone gene in Tibet minipigs / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To screen genotypes of small body in Tibet minipigs by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (SNP) of growth hormone (GH) gene.Methods The PCR products are sequenced.According to the results, SNP analysis are applied in GH gene 5′fragment of 108 Tibet minipigs .Results Five mutation points were found by comparison.The polymorphism information content of the T45C locus is highest.The results of growth traits of different genotypes showed that the abdomen of 6~8 month old Tibet minipigs of TC genotype at T 45C mutation site is small; the weight and height of 3~5 month old Tibet minipigs of AA genotype at G 84A mutation site is small; the body length and height of 6~8month old Tibet minipigs of GG genotype at G 93A mutation site is small.Conclusion The AA TC, GG genotypes of T45C, G84A, G93A mutation sites in GH gene may be associated with small body .We also found that genetic mutations always occur in the above sites with high heterozygosity and genetic diversity , which can provide rich material for breeding research .

Susceptibility screening of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in several strains of minipigs / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To screen strains of minipigs sensitive to highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) for evaluation of HP-PRRS live vaccine.Methods Lantang pigs, Juema, Bama and Wuzhishan ( white) minipigs were inoculated with virulent strain NVDC-JXA1 of PRRSV, and local binary hybrid pigs were used as control.The animals were continuously observed for 5 weeks on mental status, appetite, survival, etc.after inoculation of virus.The dead pigs were autopsied and the lung tissue samples were collected for detecting virus by RT-PCR.By the end of the experiment, serum of survival animals were collected for detecting PRRSV antibody by ELISA assay.Result The animals showed depression, anorexia, and other clinical signs and death in each group after inoculation.Meanwhile, the testing results were all positive in the RT-PCR and ELISA detection.Bama and Wuzhishan ( white) minipigs were the most sensitive to virulent strain NVDC-JXA1 of PRRSV regarding mortality rate.Conclusions Bama and Wuzhishan ( white) minipigs are sensitive to HP-PRRSV, and can be used for the inspection of HP-PRRS live vaccine.

The study on lung injury of minipigs' right-thorax with a single high-dose γ-ray irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the influence and mechanism of cytokines and protein expression of alveolar epithelial type (ACE) Ⅱ cells in Bama minipigs' right-thorax with a single 15 Gy dose irradiation.Methods All minipigs received either right thoracic irradiation or sham-irradiation under anesthesia.At 4,8,12 and 24 week post-irradiation,5 minipigs respective and random from irradiarion groups and control group were sacrificed to remove the lungs.The protein expression of surfactant associated protein (SP)-A,transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1,Vimentin and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot.The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was detected by immunohistochemistry.The co-localization of SP-A and α-SMA was visualized by double immunofluorescence staining.Results At 4,8,12 and 24 week post-irradiation,a significant increase in the protein expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1 and Vimentin were observed in irradiated lung compared to sham-irradiated controls(α-SMA:t =2.46-3.26,P ＜0.05;TGF-β1:t =2.96-3.52,P ＜0.05;Vimentin:t =3.24-5.05,P ＜ 0.05).By contrast,the protein expression of SP-A and E-cadherin in irradiation group was lower than it in control group (SP-A:t =3.62-4.65,P ＜ 0.05;E-cadherin:t =2.53-4.15,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,at 8 week after irradiation,under confocal laser scanning microscope,the co-localization of SP-A and α-SMA was observed in irradiated alveolar epithelium cells,and it was not observed in sham-irradiated controls.Conclusions These data demonstrate that E-cadherin,SP-A and TGF-β1 may act as sensitive predictors of radiation-induced lung injury(RILI).Irradiation may lead to ACE Ⅱ cells achieving a mesenchymal phenotype,namely,epithelial to mesenchymal cells transition occurs,and ACE Ⅱ cells play the important part in the development of RILI by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 genes in minipigs

Tibetan (TB) and Bama (BM) miniature pigs are two popular pig breeds that are used as experimental animals in China due to their small body size. Here, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene fragments that are closely related to growth traits [growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1)] in these pig breeds and a large white (LW) control pig breed. On the basis of the analysis of 100 BMs, 108 TBs, and 50 LWs, the polymorphic distribution levels of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 were significantly different among these three pig breeds. According to correlation analyses between SNPs and five growth traits - body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest circumference (CC), and abdomen circumference (AC) - three SNP loci in BMs and four SNP loci in TBs significantly affected growth traits. Three SNP sites in BMs and four SNP sites in TBs significantly affected growth traits. SNPs located in the GH gene fragment significantly affected BL and CC at locus 12 and BL at locus 45 in BMs, and also BW, WH, CC, and AC at locus 45 and WH and CC at locus 93 in TBs. One SNP at locus 85 in the BM GHR gene fragment significantly affected all growth traits. All indices were significantly reduced with a mixture of alleles at locus 85. These results provide more information regarding the genetic background of these minipig species and indicate useful selection markers for pig breeding programs.

Avaliação da interface osso- implante em mandíbula de miniporcos irradiados e o uso de células-tronco mesenquimais associadas ao plasma rico em plaquetas na osseointegração / Evaluation of the bone-implant contact in the mandible of irradiated minipigs and the use of mesenchymal stem cells associated with platelet-rich plasma on osseointegration

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer na região de cabeça e pescoço normalmente são tratados por combinação de cirurgia, radioterapia (RT) e quimioterapia. Em muitos casos, a reabilitação oral com próteses implanto-suportadas representa a melhor opção para uma recuperação funcional adequada. Entretanto, em pacientes irradiados procedimentos como exodontias e instalações de implantes dentários são fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento de osteorradionecrose. Diversos estudos experimentais têm demonstrado que o uso de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) associadas a fatores de crescimento como plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) proporciona melhora no reparo ósseo e na osseointegração, podendo ser considerada uma alternativa viável para defeitos ósseos ou injúria. Objetivos: Isolar e caracterizar as CTMs da medula óssea (MO) de miniporcos brasileiros (Minipigs BR-1), avaliar a interferência da RT e o efeito da associação de CTMs-MO+PRP no processo de osseointegração de implantes instalados em alvéolos frescos em mandíbulas de miniporcos, por análise histológica e histomorfométrica da interface osso-implante. Métodos: CTMs-MO de 12 miniporcos adultos machos foram isoladas da crista ilíaca. Após 21 dias de cultura, o potencial de diferenciação celular foi avaliado por meio de coloração e RT-PCR. O perfil imunofenotípico foi caracterizado por citometria de fluxo. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo A (grupo controle, sem RT), Grupo B (implantes instalados 15 dias antes da RT) e Grupo C (implantes instalados três meses após a RT). A dose total de radiação para cada lado da mandíbula foi de 24 Gy, divididos em três doses de 8 Gy com intervalo de 7 dias entre as doses, a qual equivale biologicamente a aproximadamente 56 Gy, com 28 exposições de 2 Gy cada. Quatro implantes de titânio foram instalados nos alvéolos frescos, imediatamente após as extrações dos terceiro e quarto pré-molares, totalizando 48 implantes controles e 48 experimentais (uso de CTM-MO+PRP)...

Introduction: Patients with head and neck cancer are usually treated by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. In many cases, oral rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses is the best option for a proper functional recover. However, in irradiated patients procedures as dental extractions and implants are risk factors for developing osteoradionecrosis. Several experimental studies have shown that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) associated with growth factors such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides improvement in bone regeneration and osseointegration, being considered an alternative to bone defects or injury. Objectives: To isolate and characterize MSCs from bone marrow (BM) of Brazilian minipigs (Minipigs BR-1), to evaluate the effect of RT and of BM-MSCs+PRP in the osseointegration of implants placed in fresh sockets, by histological and histomorphometric analysis of the bone-implant interface. Methods: BM-MSCs from 12 adult male minipigs were isolated from the iliac crest. After 21 days of culture, cell differentiation potential was assessed by staining and RT-PCR. The immunophenotypic profile was characterized by flow cytometry. The animals were divided into three groups: Group A (control group, no RT), Group B (implants placement 15 days before RT) and Group C (implants placement three months after RT). The total radiation dose for each side of the mandible was 24 Gy, divided into 3 doses of 8 Gy with a 7 dayinterval for each dose, which is biologically equivalent to approximately 56 Gy, with 28 sections of 2 Gy each. Four titanium implants were installed in the alveoli fresh, immediately after the extraction of the third and fourth premolars of each hemimandible, totalling 48 implants on the control side and 48 on the experimental side (using BM-MSCs+PRP). The animals were euthanized 90 days post-implantation....

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of Yukatan minipig brains for neurotherapy applications / 한국실험동물학회지

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of six Yukatan minipig brains was performed. The animals were placed in stereotaxic conditions currently used in experiments. To allow for correctpositioning of the animal in the MRI instrument, landmarks were previously traced on the snout of the pig. To avoid movements, animal were anesthetized. The animals were placed in a prone position in a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 System with a head coil. Axial T2-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted MRI images were obtained from each pig. Afterwards, the brains of the pigs were fixed and cut into axial sections. Histologic and MR images were compared. The usefulness of this technique is discussed.

Computed tomographic evaluation of abdominal fat in minipigs

Computed tomography (CT) exams were conducted to determine the distribution of abdominal fat identified based on the CT number measured in Hounsfield Units (HU) and to measure the volume of the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat in minipigs. The relationship between the CT-based fat volumes of several vertebral levels and the entire abdomen and anthropometric data including the sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference were evaluated. Moreover, the total fat volumes at the T11, T13, L3, and L5 levels were compared with the total fat volume of the entire abdomen to define the landmark of abdominal fat distribution. Using a single-detector CT, six 6-month-old male minipigs were scanned under general anesthesia. Three radiologists then assessed the HU value of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat by drawing the region of interest manually at the T11, T13, L1, L3, and L5 levels. The CT number and abdominal fat determined in this way by the three radiologists was found to be correlated (intra-class coefficient = 0.9). The overall HU ranges for the visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were -147.47 to -83.46 and -131.62 to -90.97, respectively. The total fat volume of the entire abdomen was highly correlated with the volume of abdominal fat at the T13 level (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that the volume of abdominal adipose tissue measured at the T13 level using CT is a strong and reliable predictor of total abdominal adipose volume.

Comparison of coronary angiography with right femoral Judkins catheter and 5F universal catheter in minipigs / 中国医师杂志

Objective To compare the effect of establishment of Coronary angiography model in minipigs with right femoral Judkins catheter and 5F universal catheter .Methods Ninteen minipigs were randomized into two groups with right femoral Judkins catheter (ten minipigs)and 5F universal catheter(nine minipigs). Success rate,operation time,X-ray irradiation time were observed .Results The success rate, operation time ,X-ray irradiation time after Coronary angiography in right femoral Judkins catheter group was 100%,(5.68 ±3.53 ) min,(20.84 ±2.45 ) min,in 5F universal catheter group was 88.8%,(6.98 ± 4.13 )min,(26.23 ±8.45 )min.This difference was signifficant( P <0.01).Conclusion Coronary an-giography in minipigs with right femoral Judkins catheter has the advantage of high success rate , less opera-tion time, X-ray irradiation time , is more suit to coronay anatomy of the minipig .

Correlation between Organ Weight and Body Weight in Outbred Wuzhishan Mini-Pigs / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To measure the organ weight and body weight of outbred Wuzhishan mini-pigs (WZSP), and calculate the organ coefficient and the linear and multiple linear regression equations between body weight and major organ weights. Methods 30 common WZSP (16 males and 14 females) were chosen,the body weight and 7 organ weights were determined, and the organ coefficients were calculated. The organ coefficients between males and females were compared. The correlation and regression analysis was performed using the SAS software. Results The coefficient of heart had remarkably significant difference between males and females (P<0.05).The linear analysis showed that there were apparent linear correlations between body weight and all the organ weights except for the stomach of males and the lung of females.The weights of liver and kidney showed great influence on the body weight of males, while the body weight of females relied on the weights of heart, liver and kidney greatly. Conclusion Differences of organ coefficients are not significant between males and females,and there are linear relationships between body weight and some major organ weights.

The histometric analysis of osseointegration in hydroxyapatite surface dental implants by ion beam-assisted deposition / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of coating implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) using an ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) method prepared with machined, anodized, sandblasted and large-grit acid etched (SLA) surfaces in minipigs, and verified the excellency of coating method with HA using IBAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 4 male Minipigs(Prestige World Genetics, Korea), 18 to 24 months old and weighing approximately 35 to 40 kg, were chosen. All premolars and first molars of the maxilla were carefully extracted on each side. The implants were placed on the right side after an 8 week healing period. The implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at the time of placement. 40 implants were divided into 5 groups; machined, anodized, anodized plus IBAD, SLA, and SLA plus IBAD surface implants. 4 weeks after implantation on the right side, the same surface implants were placed on the left side. After 4 weeks of healing, the minipigs were sacrificed and the implants were analyzed by RFA, histology and histometric. RESULTS: RFA showed a mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) of 75.625+/-5.021, 76.125+/- 3.739 ISQ and 77.941+/-2.947 at placement, after 4 weeks healing and after 8 weeks, respectively. Histological analysis of the implants demonstrated newly formed, compact, mature cortical bone with a nearby marrow spaces. HA coating was not separated from the HA coated implant surfaces using IBAD. In particular, the SLA implants coated with HA using IBAD showed better contact osteogenesis. Statistical and histometric analysis showed no significant differences in the bone to implant contact and bone density among 5 tested surfaces. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that rough surface implants coated with HA by IBAD are more biocompatible, and clinical, histological, and histometric analysis showed no differences when compared with the other established implant surfaces in normal bone.

An experimental study on how brain-dead state affects the lung morphology of Ba-Ma mini pigs and the mechanism / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the change of lung morphology and the mechanism in the brain-dead state. Methods Ten Ba-Ma mini pigs were randomized into 2 groups: brain-dead group (group B, n=5) and control group (group C, n=5). Brain-dead model was established in group B by increasing intracranial pressure in a modified, slow and intermittent way, and brain-dead state maintained for 24 h by respiration and circulation support. The serum TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-6 were determined at 3, 6 12, 18 and 24 h after the initial confirmation of brain death. Lung tissues were taken at 24 h. The alterations of lung tissues were observed by HE staining, and the expression of PKC-? detected by immunohistochemistry. PKC-? mRNA at each time point was detected by RT-PCR. The microstructure of hepatic tissues was observed under an electron microscope. Results (1) Under the light microscopy, broadened lung alveolar septum, edematous, extravasate in the alveolar congestive capillary vessel, infiltration of lymphocyte were observed. Under the election microscopy, cytoplasm edema, swollen mitochondria of the type-Ⅱ epithelial cells, partial membrane dissolution of mitochondria were observed and the microtomentum disappeared. No obvious morphological injury was observed under light microscopy and election microscopy. (2) Compared with control group, the serum IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-? in brain-dead group began to increase at 3 h after brain death, and become more and more higher when the maintained state was prolonged. The expression of PKC-? and PKC-? mRNA in brain-dead group was increased at 24 h in the lung tissue. Conclusion Brain death may evoke lung morphological injury and increase the level of inflammatory mediators; After brain death the levels of PKC-? mRNA transcription and protein translation is increased. The activation of PKC-? and the alteration of inflammatory mediators are supposed to be one of the mechanisms of the lung injury.