ViVan Formula- A Modified Formula for Estimating the Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisor

It is a frequent occurrence that teeth especially maxillary incisors are either completely avulsed or fractured due to trauma in facial region. Replacement of these missing teeth always possess a challenge if there are no prior dental records of the patient. Also, maxillary lateral incisors are frequently smaller in size – “Peg shaped” or congenitally absent. Aesthetic correction or/and replacement of this tooth also poses a problem when prior records are missing.METHODSTotally, 300 study casts were taken from the patients and digital vernier caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal width of maxillary central and lateral incisors and mandibular lateral incisors on both the sides. The mean and the standard deviations of the width was assessed. Similarly, the proportion between the widths of the maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular lateral incisor was also assessed and based on the proportions, the ViVan formula was derived.RESULTSBased on the proportions, ViVan Formula for Central Incisor and Lateral Incisor is derived.CONCLUSIONSViVan ratio determined the mesiodistal width of central and lateral incisor with the help of mandibular lateral incisor. This formula provides results accurately and with minimum error. One of the important diagnostic tools is the use of diagnostic model for estimation of tooth size. Tooth size must be proportionate to jaw size so as to avoid tooth size arch length discrepancy.

Detection of MSX1 gene mutations in patients with congenital tooth loss in Van der Woude syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the relationship between MSX1 gene detection and tooth loss in a Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) family @* Methods @# DNA was extracted from the venous blood of 2 patients with dental hy⁃podontia in the 9th family of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) families and 62 controls with complete dentition. Primers were designed for the MSXl gene. The coding regions of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were amplified by PCR. The purified products of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were sequenced and analyzed by sequence alignment @*Results@#The ivs2+68 C>T polymorphism in the MSX1 gene was found in the VWS9 members with tooth loss, and the VWS pa⁃tients with IRF6 gene mutations had increased tooth loss@* Conclusion@#Congenital tooth loss in the patients with con⁃genital missing teeth in VWS family 9 may be related to the ivs2 + 68 C> T polymorphism of the MSX1 gene.

Prevalence of Partial Edentulousness in a Population Based On Age and Gender: An Epidemiological Study

To find out the prevalence of partial edentulousness in a given age group among the population attending the Non communicable disease opd in Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital from September 2018 to February 2019. To evaluate the gender ratio among the partially edentulous patients. Methods: A total of 623 patients were randomly selected from the Non communicable disease opd attending the Tirunelveli medical college and hospital. The patients were divided into 6 groups based on age group 20-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80. They were divided into two groups based on gender as male and female. The partial edentulous condition was divided into 2 groups whether it is in maxilla or mandible. The type of partial edentulousness based on Kennedy’s Classification was tabulated in customized clinical forms. Results: Class III Kennedy’s edentulous condition was the most prevalent (33.1%) followed by class I edentulousness (16.2%). The age group of 51-60 (36%) had the maximum number of partially edentulous patients. There was no gender based distribution of partial edentulousness based on Kennedy’s Classification. There was equal distribution of partial edentulousness in the maxilla and mandible. Conclusion: As prevention is better than cure, the importance of dental health care awareness becomes evident. The possible mode of treatment modality for the particular stage of partial edentulousness must be explained to the patient.

Awareness and Knowledge of Dental Implants as an Option for Replacing Missing Teeth: A Survey in Hyderabad, India

Introduction: Awareness among patients regarding use ofimplants is in need and for which effective and adequatecommunication is vital. Aims and Objectives: To gauge theawareness and knowledge regarding dental implants as anoption of treatment to replace missing teeth among patients inHyderabad, India.Material and Methods: A standardized self- explanatoryquestionnaire was prepared and distributed in five dentalclinics of Hyderabad. The questionnaires were handed tothe patients during their regular dental visits. A total of 450subjects were included in this survey.Results: We found that 62.5% (250) patients had someknowledge about dental implants. The main source ofinformation regarding dental implants was form their friendsand relatives (35%; 140 subjects) and dentists being thesecondary source for 30% (120) of the sample. The majorhindering factor that prevents patients from choosing implantswas cost effectiveness in 87.5% (350) of the cases.Conclusion: The awareness and knowledge about dentalimplants in the subjects were acceptable among a selectedsample of dental patients in Hyderabad, India. Still there is aneed for providing more general and accurate information tothe patients about this latest treatment modality

Dentists' Preferences in the Treatment of Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors / Preferências entre os Dentistas no Tratamento da Agenesia de Incisivos Laterais Superiores

Objective: Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors present challenges to dentists in terms of treatment planning and can negatively affect aesthetics and function in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the preferred treatment approach of dentists with different specialties. Material and Methods: We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that was self-administered to 12 specialists in removable prosthodontics, 18 specialists in restorative dentistry, 14 specialists in orthodontics, and 173 registered general dentists. Results: General practitioners (72.7%), prosthodontists (92.9%) and, restorative dentists (80%) preferred prosthodontic replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors, while orthodontists (57.1%) preferred canine substitution. Most general practitioners (62.7%), prosthodontists (71.4%), and orthodontists (92.9%), as well as many restorative specialists (40%), preferred implant-retained crowns for prosthetic replacement of missing lateral incisors. The dental specialties differed significantly in terms of their preferred modalities for treating children over the age of 12 years. General practitioners (56%) preferred removable partial dentures (RPDs), while a mere 17.2% preferred to carry out no treatment. All prosthodontists (100%) preferred treatment with RPDs. Restorative dentists preferred RPDs and adhesive bridges in equal number (33.3% in each case). Fifty percent of orthodontists treating children with missing lateral incisors preferred RPDs, followed by (28.6%) who preferred canine substitution. Conclusion: Preference varied for several reasons among dentists' treating both adults and children over 12 years of age (AU)

Objetivo: A agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores apresenta desafios aos cirurgiões-dentistas em termos de planejamento terapêutico e pode afetar negativamente a estética e a função dos pacientes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a abordagem de tratamento preferencial entre os dentistas de diferentes especialidades. Material e Métodos: Realizouse um estudo descritivo, transversal, utilizando um questionário autoadministrado por 12 especialistas em prótese dentária removível, 18 especialistas em dentística, 14 especialistas em Ortodontia e 173 dentistas clínicos gerais. Resultados: Clínicos gerais (72,7%), protesistas (92,9%) e especialistas em dentística (80%) preferiram a substituição protética dos incisivos laterais superiores ausentes, enquanto os ortodontistas (57,1%) preferiram a substituição canina. A maioria dos clínicos gerais (62,7%), protesistas (71,4%) e ortodontistas (92,9%), bem como muitos especialistas em dentística (40%), preferem coroas implantadas para a substituição protética dos incisivos laterais ausentes. As especialidades odontológicas diferiram significativamente em termos de suas modalidades preferidas para o tratamento de crianças com idade acima de 12 anos. Clínicos gerais (56%) preferiram próteses parciais removíveis (PPRs), enquanto apenas 17,2% preferiram não realizar nenhum tratamento. Todos os protesistas (100%) preferiram o tratamento com PPRs. Especialistas em dentística preferiram PPRs e pontes adesivas em igual número (33,3% em cada caso). Metade dos ortodontistas (50%) que tratam crianças com incisivos laterais ausentes preferiram PPRs, seguido por (28,6%) que preferiram a substituição canina. Conclusão: A preferência variou por várias razões entre os dentistas que tratam adultos e crianças com mais de 12 anos de idade.(AU)

Possibility of predicting missing teeth using deep learning: a pilot study / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine if the number of missing teeth could be predicted by oral disease pathogens, and the secondary objective was to assess whether deep learning is a better way of predicting the number of missing teeth than multivariable linear regression (MLR).METHODS: Data were collected through review of patient’s initial medical records. A total of 960 participants were cross-sectionally surveyed. MLR analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the number of missing teeth and the results of real-time PCR assay (done for quantification of 11 oral disease pathogens). A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used as the deep learning model and compared with MLR models. Each model was performed five times to generate an average accuracy rate and mean square error (MSE). The accuracy of predicting the number of missing teeth was evaluated and compared between the CNN and MLR methods.RESULTS: Model 1 had the demographic information necessary for the prediction of periodontal diseases in addition to the red and the orange complex bacteria that are highly predominant in oral diseases. The accuracy of the convolutional neural network in this model was 65.0%. However, applying Model 4, which added yellow complex bacteria to the total bacterial load, increased the expected extractions of dental caries to 70.2%.On the other hand, the accuracy of the MLR was about 50.0% in all models. The mean square error of the CNN was considerably smaller than that of the MLR, resulting in better predictability.CONCLUSIONS: Oral disease pathogens can be used as a predictor of missing teeth and deep learning can be a more accurate analysis method to predict the number of missing teeth as compared to MLR.

Facial profile of patients with congenitally missing 2 mandibular incisors and changes of facial profile before and after orthodontic treatment by extraction of 2 maxillary premolars / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To analyze the facial profile of the patients with congenitally missing 2 mandibular incisors, and to investigate the changes of facial profile of the patients before and after orthodontic treatment by extraction of 2 maxillary premolars. Methods: The cephalometrics of 64 patients with congenitally missing 2 mandibular incisors were collected. The initial cephalometrics of 64 patients were used to characterize the facial profile. A total of 38 cases among all the 64 patients underwent the orthodontic treatment by extraction of 2 maxillary premolars, and the initial and final cephalometrics were used to compare the changes of facial profile before and after treatment. The cephalometric measurement (including hard tissue and soft tissue items) was performed and the results were analyzed statistically. Results: Compared with the normal values, the overjet, overbite, ANB, U1-NA angle, face angle, Y axis, Pg-NB, face convexity, soft tissue facial angle, H angle, and men to labial sulcus to H-Line in the patients with congenitally missing 2 mandibular incisors were increase d, SNB, L1-NB angle, L1-NB distance, L1-MP, occlusal plane angle, mentolabial sulcus angle were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). After orthodontic extraction treatment, the overjet, overbite, U1-NA angle, U1-NA distance, U1-SN, H angle, and subnasale to H-Line of the patients were decreased, the L1-NB angle, L1-NB distance, L1-MP, occlusal plane angle, Pg-NB, and mentolabial sulcus angle were increased; the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The mandibular development is insufficient but the chin development is adequate in the patients with congenitally missing 2 mandibular incisors, with larger overjet and overbite, lingually inclined mandibular incisors, deeper and sharper mentolabial sulcus. After treatment by extraction of 2 maxillary premolars, the overall appearance of the lateral profile of the patients remains unchanged, but the occlusion of anterior teeth is significantly improved.

A sampling survey of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch in people aged 35-74 in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

Obiective@#To investigate the current status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch of people aged 35⁃44, 55⁃64 and 65⁃ 74 in Guangdong province.@*Methods@#An equal⁃ sized stratified multi⁃stage randomly sampling design was applied to select a total of 288 Guangdong residents in urban and rural areas, and the subjects were between the age of 35⁃44, 55⁃64 and 65⁃74, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch were assessed according to the Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey. @*Results@#88.89% subjects in the 35⁃44 year group had more than 28 teeth and 100% subjects had more than 20 teeth, with an average of 29.88 teeth remaining and no edentulous jaw. The average remaining teeth was 26.06 in the group of 55 ⁃ 64 year, with 87.50% subjects having more than 20 teeth, 59.03% subjects having 28 or more teeth, 4.16% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch, and 1.04% subjects having both edentulous jaw arch. 73.96% and 35.07% subjects in the group of 65⁃74 year had 20 above or 28 above remaining teeth, respectively, and the average teeth was 22.94. There were 8.34% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch and 1.39% subjects having both edentulous jaws. In the 35⁃44 and 65⁃74 year group, the prevalence of missing teeth in the female was significantly higher than the male (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P > 0.05). More remaining teeth were noticed in current survey (2015) when compared to the data in 2005 (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#The 35⁃44 year people have few lost teeth, and over half of the elderly people have several lost teeth. Elderly people with edentulous arch are very few.

A sampling survey of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch in people aged 35-74 in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

@#Obiective To investigate the current status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch of people aged 35-44, 55-64 and 65- 74 in Guangdong province. Methods An equal- sized stratified multi-stage randomly sampling design was applied to select a total of 288 Guangdong residents in urban and rural areas, and the subjects were between the age of 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch were assessed according to the Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Results 88.89% subjects in the 35-44 year group had more than 28 teeth and 100% subjects had more than 20 teeth, with an average of 29.88 teeth remaining and no edentulous jaw. The average remaining teeth was 26.06 in the group of 55-64 year, with 87.50% subjects having more than 20 teeth, 59.03% subjects having 28 or more teeth, 4.16% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch, and 1.04% subjects having both edentulous jaw arch. 73.96% and 35.07% subjects in the group of 65-74 year had 20 above or 28 above remaining teeth, respectively, and the average teeth was 22.94. There were 8.34% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch and 1.39% subjects having both edentulous jaws. In the 35-44 and 65-74 year group, the prevalence of missing teeth in the female was significantly higher than the male (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P > 0.05). More remaining teeth were noticed in current survey (2015) when compared to the data in 2005 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The 35-44 year people have few lost teeth, and over half of the elderly people have several lost teeth. Elderly people with edentulous arch are very few.

Comparison of effect of video tracheal intubation and direct laryngoscopy on tracheal intubation in patients with missing teeth / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the effect of the application of tracheal intubation with SEESHEEN video intubation endoscope (ENF-20) and direct laryngoscopy in patients with missing teeth.Methods 50 patients with missing teeth were selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups, respectively after induction of general anesthesia in tracheal intubation using ENF-20 (group E) and direct laryngoscopy (SHUCMAN laryngoscopy) (group S) intubation.The time of intubation, the times of intubation and the complication of intubation were recorded.Results The success rate of intubation in group E was 92%, which was significantly higher than 64% in group S (x2=5.711,P=0.017).The intubation time of group E was (27±12)s, which was significantly shorter than (36±13)s in group S (t=-2.620,P=0.012).The total intubation complications of group E was 12%, which was significantly lower than 48% of the group S (x2=6.095,P=0.014).Conclusion The successful rate of tracheal intubation in patients with missing teeth by using video tracheal intubation (ENF-20) is higher and with less complication.

La caries dental y los factores relacionados en una población de adultos de la ciudad de la rioja, Argentina / The dental caries and related factors in adult population of the city of rioja, Argentina

La caries dental es un proceso patológico post-eruptivo, localizado, externo, involucra un reblandecimiento de los tejidos duros del diente procediendo a la formación de una cavidad1. Se determinó la presencia de caries dental, su relación con factores patológicos y preventivos en adultos de La Rioja, Argentina. A partir de 183 adultos de 25 a 35 años de edad se estudiaron los dientes con caries, obturaciones, perdidos e índice CPOD y se registraron en una ficha dental. Por cada adulto se obtuvo una historia clínica. El 77% de los adultos presentó un promedio de 3,73±4,28 caries, 4,75±4,61 obturaciones, 1,91±2,92 perdidos e índice CPOD 10,39±5,90. El CPOD para el género femenino fue mayor que para el masculino (p=0,042). La caries se relacionó con bajo nivel de educación (p=0,0001), ingreso económico (p=0,0086), cepillado dental diario (p=0,0340), cepillado nocturno (p=0,0018), con consulta prevalente por dolor (p<0,0001), falta de visita bucal anual (p=0,0003) y de obra social (p=0,0064). La caries dental es una enfermedad presente en la población adulta se asocia con bajo nivel de educación, económico y preventivo dental. Necesita del abordaje económico cultural integrado de la sociedad para mejorar la salud bucal del adulto y asegurar su calidad de vida en su senectud.

The dental caries is defined a post eruptive pathological process of external origin located tooth involves softening of the hard tissues of the tooth proceeding consequently to the formation of a tooth cavity1. The presence of dental caries was determined, its relationship with pathological and preventive factors in adults of La Rioja, Argentina. From 183 adults from 25-35 years of age, were studied decayed, fillings, missing teeth and index DMFT and recorded on a dental chart. For each adult, a clinic history was obtained. The 77% of adults had a mean of 3,73 ±4,28 caries, 4,75 ±4,61 filling, 1,91 ±2,92 missing and DMFT 10,39 ±5,90. The DMFT was higher for the female gender than for males (p=0,042). Caries was associated with low level of education (p=0,0001), low income (p=0,0086) lack tooth daily brushing (p<0,0340), lack of night brushing (p=0,018), check only for pain (p< 0,0001), lack of annual dental visit (p=0,0003) and absence of coverage social (p=0,0064). Dental caries is a disease present in the population of adults, is associated with low level education, economic and lack of prevention dental. Requires a socio cultural economic work of society to improve the oral health of adults and ensure their senescence.

Oligodontia: challenges in dental rehabilitation

Oligodontia, although rare, may have significant impact on the quality of life of those affected with it. Provision of restorative treatment for these patients can be very challenging and demanding for clinicians, especially during the active growth phase. Nevertheless, the dental needs of these patients are real and should be addressed appropriately. The present case report described a restorative rehabilitative plan and execution of different restorative treatment modalities in a 14-year-old patient with oligodontia. The challenges faced in the provision of dental care were highlighted. The treatment outcome showed a positive psychological impact on the well-being of the patient based on parental observations.

A Retrospective Clinical Study of Survival Rate for a Single Implant in Posterior Teeth

or = 5.1 mm) and the surface treated by the acid etching group demonstrated a significantly lower survival rate (91.1%). One stage surgical procedure, which implemented a relatively better bone quality survival rate (100%), was higher than the two stage surgical procedure (96.1%). The survival rate of type IV bone quality (75%) was significantly lower than the other bone quality.CONCLUSION: Single posterior teeth implant treatments should use an improved surface finishing fixture as well as careful and safe procedures when performing implant surgery in the maxilla premolar and molar regions since bone quality is poor.

Concomitant hypo-hyperdontia with dens invaginatus.

Although developmental anomalies of tooth number are quite common in permanent dentition, concomitant occurrence of hypohyperdontia is a very rare mixed numeric anomalous condition of teeth. Very few cases of this condition have been reported in the English literature. Here we report such a rare case noted in a 26 year-old male dental graduate with no other associated systemic condition or syndrome.

An Epidemlological Study of Missing Teeth Among The North Indian Population.

There are numerous epidemiologic studies of missing teeth focusing white population which may not represent the status of other people. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the distribution of missing teeth in sample taken from North Indian adolescent. Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of unrelated adolescent of age ranging from 12 to 18 years were examined for missing teeth. Results: The study shows significant sex differences only for third molar which was absent in most of females. Conclusion: The present study concluded that third molars, maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular incisor and mandibular second premolar were most commonly congenitally missing permanent teeth among North Indian population.

Oral health related quality of life in Indonesian middle-aged and elderly women.

Background: To assess oral health-related quality of life in Indonesian middle-aged and elderly women. Middle–aged women between 45-59 years old were included in this study, because this stage of life is important to prepare them entering the old age. Prevention could be done earlier in order to achieve optimum quality of life for the elderly. The purpose of writing this paper is to inform the policy maker to develop a framework in oral health prevention. Method: Cross-sectional study was done at East Bekasi district, West Java on 236 women 45-82 years of age. Measurement of health related quality of life was performed using the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) questionnaire. This questionnaire has already been translated to Indonesian language and has already been validated. Result: About 86.4% of subjects had a good oral health-related quality of life. Number of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life have a weak correlation (correlation coeffi cient= -0.133, P= 0.041). Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life did not depend on the number of missing teeth. These fi ndings may have implication for promoting education to middle-aged and elderly women in Indonesia about the importance of oral health.This policy frame work will be recommended to be implemented in hospitals, clinics, community care and institutional care.

Oligodontia Of Permanent Teeth- Rare Case Reports.

Missing of one or more teeth is most common developmental malformation, but absence of multiple teeth is much rare. Oligodontia (developmental absence of 6 or more teeth) can be isolated or as a part of syndrome. The present case report describes two cases of multiple agenesis of permanent teeth which are non-familial and with no apparent systemic abnormalities.

Prevalence of hypodontia in nine- to fourteen-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry.

Context: Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or a few teeth, and is also the most common anomaly in dental development. This condition occurs either individually or as part of the symptoms of a syndrome, and it is more common in permanent teeth than in deciduous teeth, reporting a prevalence of between 1.6 and 9.6%. Aims: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypodontia for permanent teeth in nine- to 14-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry in 2007. Setting and Design: We conducted this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, to determine the mentioned aims. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, panoramic radiographs belonging to 600 children (351 girls and 249 boys), aged nine to 14 years, were available for examination. All related findings were recorded in the respective forms. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed using Exact and Chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in the girls was 9.2%, in the boys 8.8%, and in both sexes combined 9%. The most and the least frequent cases of absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars and the maxillary central incisor (only one child), respectively. The most commonly absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars, the maxillary lateral incisors, the mandibular central incisor, and the maxillary second premolars, in that order. Conclusions: This study showed a high frequency of hypodontia among the understudied population. Thus, due to the complicated treatment, accurate examination of children for on-time diagnosis of this developmental anomaly is crucial.

Oral abnormalities in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.

Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, mainly affecting the ectodermal components such as, enamel, nail, and hair. The gene for EvC syndrome is located on chromosome 4p16. Patients with EvC syndrome characteristically presents with congenitally missing teeth, abnormal frenal attachment, microdontia, and hexadactyly.