Periodontal regeneration by minimally invasive procedures and its influence on pulp status / Regeneración periodontal a través de procedimientos mínimamente invasivos y su influencia en el estado pulpar

ABSTRACT Dental pulp and periodontium have different communication routes including, e.g., apical foramen, accessory canals and dentin tubules. Scaling, planing and root surface treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based conditioner are used in regenerative periodontal procedures. Such treatment may generate pathological communication between the two structures due to interruption of the vascular pedicle or migration of bacteria and/or inflammatory byproducts from deep periodontal pockets, which may generate pulp pathology. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of minimally invasive periodontal regenerative surgery on pulp vitality status in single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth associated to infraosseous defects extending to the middle and apical thirds. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study on 30 teeth from 14 patients who received care between August 2018 and August 2019 at the postgraduate Department of Specialization in Periodontics of the Buenos Aires University School ofDentistry (FOUBA). Clinical and radiographic endodontic diagnosis was performed 6 months after the minimally invasive regenerative periodontal treatment. Results: Only two out of the 30 teeth presented changes in pulp status following regenerative periodontal procedure: irreversible pulpitis at 30 days and pulp necrosis at 180 days post-treatment. The rate for risk of change in pulp vitality status was 6.7%. Teeth with grade I and II furcation lesions (n=9) presented no change in pulp status. Conclusions: Regenerative periodontal surgery had no significant influence on pulp status in single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth with infraosseous defects extending to the level of the middle and apical third

RESUMEN La pulpa dental y el periodonto presentan diferentes vías de comunicación. El foramen apical, los conductos accesorios y los túbulos dentinarios son ejemplos de ellos. Durante los procedimientos peri-odontales regenerativos se realiza el raspaje, alisado y tratamiento de la superficie radicular con un acondicionador a base de ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA). Este tratamiento podría generar una comunicación patológica entre ambas estructuras debido a la interrupción del pedículo vascular o a la migración de bacterias y/o subproductos inflamatorios provenientes de bolsas periodontales profundas que generen patología pulpar. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la cirugía periodontal regenerativa mínimamente invasiva sobre el estado de vitalidad pulpar de piezas dentarias unirradiculares y multirradiculares con defectos infraóseos que se extendían hasta el tercio medio y apical. Materiales y Método: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 30 piezas dentarias de 14 pacientes atendidos entre el mes de agosto 2018 y agosto 2019 en el posgrado de la Especial-ización en Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA). Se realizó el diagnóstico endodóntico de forma clínica y radiográfica a los 6 meses post-tratamiento periodontal regenerativo mínimamente invasivo. Resultados: De las 30 piezas solo 2 presentaron cambios en el estado pulpar luego del procedimiento periodontal regenerativo, pulpitis irreversibles a los 30 días y necrosis pulpar a los 180 días post-tratamiento. La tasa de riesgo de cambios en el estado de vitalidad pulpar fue del 6,7%. En relación a las piezas dentarias que presentaban lesiones de furcación grado I y II (n=9) ninguna presentó cambios en su estado pulpar. Conclusiones: La cirugía periodontal regenerativa no tuvo influencia significativa en el estado pulpar de piezas unirradiculares y multirra-diculares con defectos infraóseos que se extendían a nivel del tercio medio y apical.

Determination of mineral oil mist in workplace air using infrared spectrophotometry / 中国职业医学

Objective To establish an infrared spectrophotometric method for determination of mineral oil mist in workplace air. Methods The mineral oil mist in workplace air was sampled with glass fiber filter membrane and eluted with carbon tetrachloride. Petroleum-like standard solution of carbon tetrachloride was used as the calibration standard, and quantitative analysis was performed using infrared spectrophotometric oil analyzer. Results The sampling efficiency of the glass fiber filter membrane ranged from 94.8% to 99.2%, and the extraction efficiency ranged from 95.6% to 104.2%. The linear range of mineral oil mist was 1.00-120.00 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 4. The detection limit was 0.52 mg/L, and the quantification limit was 1.74 mg/L. The average recovery rate ranged from 98.8% to 104.1%. The within- and between- run relative standard deviations were 2.2%-6.4% and 2.3%-5.2%, respectively. The samples were stable at room temperature for seven days. This method could be used for air sampling of mineral oil mist in workplaces where mineral oil is used. Conclusion The method is sensitive, accurate, and efficient, which is suitable for determining the concentration of mineral oil mist in workplace air.

Índices de internações, de mortalidade e de custos associados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) no Distrito Federal após mudança do Protocolo Estadual de 2018 ­ Dados do mundo real / Hospitalization, mortality rates and costs associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Distrito Federal, Brazil, before and after the change in 2018 state COPD protocol version ­ Real-world data

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices de hospitalização, mortalidade e custos associados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) após mudança do Protocolo de Atenção à Saúde da Secretaria do Distrito Federal (SES-DF) em 2018 por um medicamento da mesma classe terapêutica, porém em dispositivo inalatório diferente. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal, em uma coorte de pacientes adultos internados em dois períodos específicos: gosto/2017 a julho/2018 (MAT 1 ­ vigência do Protocolo antigo) e agosto/2018 a julho/2019 (MAT 2 ­ vigência do novo Protocolo). Foram avaliados pacientes internados com diagnóstico principal de DPOC de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados com a Saúde Versão 10 (CID-10) estabelecida pelo protocolo de atenção à saúde e registrada no Datasus. Os desfechos avaliados foram número de internações, mortalidade e custos totais associados à internação por DPOC. Resultados: Após análise dos dados relacionados à DPOC, a comparação entre MAT 1 (agosto/2017 a julho/2018) e MAT 2 (agosto/2018 a julho/2019) resultou no aumento na ocorrência de importantes desfechos: +131,3% no número de internações com passagens em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) (n = 16 no MAT 1 vs. n = 37 no MAT 2, p < 0,01), +101,0% na frequência de internações com passagem em UTI sobre o total de internações (2,4% no MAT 1 vs. 4,8% no MAT 2, p = 0,01), +566,7% nos óbitos de pacientes internados em UTI (n = 3 no MAT 1 vs. n = 20 no MAT 2, p < 0,01) e +52,9% nos custos totais de internação (R$ 828.761 no MAT 1 vs. R$ 1.267.318 no MAT 2, p = 0,03). Conclusão: Durante os períodos analisados, houve aumento no uso de UTI, na mortalidade em UTI e nos custos totais relacionados à DPOC. A atualização do protocolo alterou tanto o dispositivo inalatório (névoa suave para pó seco) quanto a molécula (tiotrópio para glicopirrônio) e poderia ser um dos fatores responsáveis por esses desfechos, no entanto as limitações desta análise observacional não podem determinar um impacto causal da mudança do protocolo, pois outras variáveis também podem ter levado às diferenças descritas.

Objective: Evaluate the rates of hospitalization, mortality and costs associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before and after the change in COPD Treatment Protocol of State Health Secretariat of Distrito Federal (SES-DF). Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of hospitalized adult patients in two specific periods: August/2017 to July/2018 (MAT 1 ­ old version of Protocol in place) and August/2018 to July/2019 (MAT 2 - after the new Protocol version). Hospitalized patients with COPD as primary diagnosis according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Version 10 (ICD-10) established by COPD Treatment Protocol and registered in DATASUS database were evaluated. The outcomes assessed were the number of hospitalizations, mortality and total costs ssociated with COPD hospitalizations. Results: After analyzing the data related to COPD, the comparison between MAT 1 (August/2017 to July/2018) and MAT 2 (August/2018 to July/2019) periods resulted in an increase in the occurrence of relevant outcomes: +131.3% in the number of hospitalizations with intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (n = 16 in MAT 1 vs. n = 37 in MAT 2, p < 0.01), +101.0% in the frequency of hospitalizations with ICU admissions over total number of hospitalizations (2.4% in MAT 1 vs. 4.8% in MAT 2, p = 0.01), +566.7% in deaths of patients admitted in ICU (n = 3 in MAT 1 vs. n = 20 in MAT 2, p < 0.01), +52.9% in total costs associated with COPD hospitalizations (R$ 828,761 in MAT 1 vs. R$ 1,267,318 in MAT 2, p = 0.03). Conclusion: During the analyzed periods, an increase in ICU usage, mortality in ICU and total costs related to COPD was observed. The update in the protocol switched the inhaler device (from soft mist to dry powder) and also the molecule (tiotropium to glycopyrronium) and could be potentially one of the factors responsible for these endpoints, however the limitations of this observational analysis cannot determine a causal impact of the protocol change as other variables could also have led to the differences described.

Air pollution: Health effects / contaminación del aire: efectos en la salud

Abstract Background: Air contamination happens when unsafe or inordinate amounts of substances including gases, particles, and organic atoms are brought into Earth's climate. Objective: This review article defines air pollution, describes the types of pollutants, enumerates the various causative factors, enumerates the ways it impacts human health and suggests preventive measures to reduce the impact of air pollution on human health. Methods: Literature was studied extensively and effects of air pollution on human health have been described. Results and Conclusion: Air pollution has tremendous effects on human health in the form of respiratory diseases and aggravations in the form of asthma and lung cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, and malignant growth. An affiliation has been found to exist between male infertility and air pollution and a relationship has been established between air contamination and higher danger of immune dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurobehavioral hyperactivity, crime, age-unseemly behaviours, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Traffic-related air pollutants have been found to affect skin aging and cause pigmented spots on the face. An association exists between air pollution and irritation of the eyes, dry eye syndrome, risk for retinopathy and adverse ocular outcomes. Chronic exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy has been associated with adverse effects on the developing foetus in the form of low birth weight and still birth. Air contamination has been seen as a significant supporter of the expanded predominance of allergic diseases in children.

Assessment of ST Segment Resolution as a Predictor of Outcome in Acute Myocardial Infarction after Thrombolysis

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major causeof mortality and morbidity all over the world. This study wasundertaken to assess the resolution of ST segment at 90 min ofthrombolysis in STsegment elevation myocardial infarction asa predictor of short term outcome in terms of adverse eventsand mortality during hospital stay.Material and methods: A total of 100 patients with firstepisode of ST elevation myocardial infarction without anyconventional contraindication for thrombolysis were takenfor the study. % of ST segment resolution after 90 minof thrombolysis was calculated and correlation with vitalparameters like Killip class, ejection fraction, incidence ofarrhythmias, prognosis in the patients with acute MyocardialInfarction.Results: Out of 100 patients who were thrombolysed, 30%had failed thrombolysis. Patient who presented within 6hours of chest pain had 7.7% failed thrombolysis which wassignificantly lower than patients who presented >6 hrs ofchest pain with 44.5% failure rate, p value 0.0002. Failure ofthrombolysis was higher in Diabetic patient (p value= 0.02)and hypertensive patient (p value= <0.0001). Risk factorslike diabetes, hypertension significantly affect the outcomeof thrombolysis. Mortality was seen in 10 patients, 80% hadfailed thrombolysis, p value< 0.001.Conclusion: Patients with No resolution of ST segment at 90min of thrombolysis had frequent adverse events and highermortality when compared to patients with partial and completeST segment resolution.

Structure of understory bird communities in Atlantic Forest Remnants in Northeastern Brazil / Estrutura das comunidades de aves de remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil

The Atlantic Forest in the State of Paraíba integrates the Pernambuco Center of Endemism. The present work investigated understory bird communities of three of its remnants using ten mist nets installed at eight different points of the forest understory of each area. We captured 333 birds of 44 species and 19 families. Bird richness and abundance did not differ between the three remnants (KW = 6.08; p = 0.04 and KW = 10.54; p = 0.004). The composition was little similar among them, and each area presented high species diversity and evenness. The most captured species were Arremon taciturnus (n = 40), Chiroxiphia pareola (n = 32) and Conopophaga melanops (n = 28). C. melanops has a local threat status of “vulnerable” and is considered endemic. Endangered and endemic species each represented 15.91% of the captures. Both Reserva Biológica Guaribas areas had the highest number of threatened species, while Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenho Gargaú showed the highest number of endemic and understory insectivorous species, which indicates a better quality status in comparison to the other two. These results show the importance of the remnants to bird conservation in Northeastern Brazil.

A Mata Atlântica do Estado da Paraíba integra o Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco. O presente estudo investigou comunidades de aves de sub-bosque de três remanescentes da região, por meio da captura com redes de neblina. Dez redes foram posicionadas no sub-bosque florestal em oito pontos distintos ao longo de cada remanescente. Foram capturados 333 indivíduos de 44 espécies, divididas em 19 famílias. A riqueza e a abundância diferiram entre as comunidades amostradas (KW = 6,08; p = 0,04 e KW = 10,54; p = 0,004). A composição específica foi pouco similar entre elas e cada área apresentou elevada diversidade e equitabilidade na distribuição de espécies. As espécies mais representativas foram Arremon taciturnus (n = 40), Chiroxiphia pareola (n = 32) e Conopophaga melanops (n = 28), sendo este último táxon vulnerável e endêmico. As duas áreas da Reserva Biológica Guaribas tiveram o maior número de espécies ameaçadas, enquanto que a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenho Gargaú apresentou o maior número de espécies endêmicas, assim como de insetívoros de sub-bosque, sugerindo melhor qualidade em comparação aos outros dois. Esses resultados apontam a importância que os remanescentes estudados têm para a conservação da avifauna no nordeste brasileiro.

Bird assemblage mist-netted in an Atlantic Forest area: a comparison between vertically-mobile and ground-level nets / Assembleia de aves capturadas em redes de neblina em uma área de Mata Atlântica: uma comparação entre redes verticalmente móveis e no nível do solo

AbstractMist nets may be opened at different heights in the forest, but they are seldom used over 3 m above the ground. We used two different methods to compare species richness, composition, and relative abundance and trophic structure of the bird assemblage at Ilha Grande (with a 290 birds standardization): conventional ground-level nets (0-2.4 m height range) and elevated nets (0-17 m) with an adjustable-height system (modified from Humphrey et al., 1968) that we call vertically-mobile nets. There were significant differences in capture frequencies between methods for about 20% of the species (Chi-squared test, P<0.05), and the two methods caught different assemblages. Ground-level nets recorded less species, and they comparatively overestimated mainly Suboscine insectivores and underestimated frugivores and nectarivores. Different sampling methods used at the same location may result in very different diagnoses of the avifauna present, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We encourage studies involving mist net sampling to include the upper strata to more accurately represent the avifauna in Atlantic Forest.

ResumoRedes-de-neblina podem ser abertas a diferentes alturas na floresta, mas raramente são usadas acima de 3 m do chão. Usamos dois diferentes métodos para comparar riqueza, abundância relativa de espécies e estrutura trófica da assembleia de aves da Ilha Grande (com a padronização de 290 indivíduos): redes convencionais no nível do solo (0-2,4 m de altura) e redes bandeira (0-17 m) com um sistema de ajuste de altura (modificado de Humphrey et al., 1968) que denominamos redes verticalmente móveis. Houve diferenças significativas nas frequências de capturas entre os métodos em cerca de 20% das espécies (teste Qui-quadrado, P<0,05), e os dois métodos capturaram diferentes assembleias. Redes de neblina no nível do solo registraram menos espécies, e comparativamente superestimaram principalmente espécies insetívoras de Suboscine, e subestimaram frugívoras e nectarívoras. Métodos diferentes de amostragem usados em uma mesma localidade podem resultar em uma diagnose bem distinta da avifauna presente, tanto qualitativa como quantitativamente. Recomendamos que estudos envolvendo amostragens com redes-de-neblina incluam os estratos superiores para representar mais acuradamente a avifauna na Mata Atlântica.

Dermatosis por neblina ácida: a propósito de un caso / Dermatosis be caused by exposure to acid mist: a case report

Las dermatosis laborales son patologías frecuentes en la práctica clínica y producen un problema importante en la salud de los pacientes, siendo la dermatitis de contacto ocupacional la más frecuente. A continuación presentamos el caso clínico de un trabajador de la minería expuesto en su ambiente laboral a un aerosol ácido, llamado neblina ácida, presentando una hipopigmentación post inflamatoria secundaria a la exposición a éste. Tanto el proceso diagnóstico, como la prevención de las dermatitis de contacto laboral, debe ser un proceso riguroso, ya que su pronóstico es variable, incluso cuando se logre evitar la exposición al agente causal.

Work-related dermatoses are frequent pathologies in the clinical practice and produce a major health- problem, being the occupational contact dermatitis the most frequent disease. We study the case of a mining worker exposed in his work enviroment to an acid aerosol, called acid mist, presenting a post inflammatory hypopigmentation after the exposure to this acid. The diagnosis process, as well as the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis must be rigorous, since their prognosis is variable, despite of avoiding the exposure to the causative agent.

Leaf Morphological Plasticity of Tree Species from Two Developmental Stages in Araucaria Forest

This study compared the morphological and anatomical variations of the leaves of four shade-tolerant tree species Allophylus edulis (St.-Hil.) Radlk (Sapindaceae), Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae), Cupania vernalis Cambess. (Sapindaceae) and Luehea divaricata Mart. (Malvaceae) from a fragment of Araucaria forest in two developmental stages. Morphological and anatomical traits, such as leaf and tissue thickness, leaf area, leaf dry mass, specific leaf area, leaf density and stomata density were measured from 30 leaves of each developmental stage. The phenotypic plasticity index was also calculated for each quantitative trait. The results showed that the four species presented higher mean values ​​for specific leaf area and spongy/palisade parenchyma ratio at young stage, and higher mean values ​​for stomata density, total and palisade parenchyma thickness in the adult stage. The plasticity index demonstrated that L. divricata presented highest plasticity for both the morphological and anatomical traits while A. edulis displayed the lowest plasticity index. The results of this study indicated that the leaves of these species exhibited distinct morphological traits at each stage of development to cope with acting environmental factors.

Effect of Isotonic Exercise during Mist Sauna on Oxygen Uptake in Humans / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only.   The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%.   In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna.   These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.

Effect of Isotonic Exercise during Mist Sauna on Oxygen Uptake in Humans / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only.<BR>  The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%.<BR>  In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna.<BR>  These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.

The Transcription Factor Mist1 Regulates the Cellular Polarity in Mouse Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Pancreatic acinar cells exhibit a polarity that is characterized by the localization of secretory granules at the apical membrane. However, the factors that regulate cellular polarity in these cells are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of Mist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, on the cellular architecture of pancreatic acinar cells. Mist1-null mice displayed secretory granules that were diffuse throughout the pancreatic acinar cells, from the apical to basolateral membranes, whereas Mist1 heterozygote mice showed apical localization of secretory granules. Deletion of the Mist1 gene decreased the expression of type 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3R) but did not affect apical localization and expression of IP3R2. Mist1-null mice also displayed an increase in luminal areas and an increase in the expression of zymogen granules in pancreatic acinar cells. These results suggest that Mist1 plays a critical role in polar localization of cellular organelles and in maintaining cellular architecture in mouse pancreatic acinar cells.

The Occupational Exposure Limit for Fluid Aerosol Generated in Metalworking Operations: Limitations and Recommendations

The aim of this review was to assess current knowledge related to the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for fluid aerosols including either mineral or chemical oil that are generated in metalworking operations, and to discuss whether their OEL can be appropriately used to prevent several health risks that may vary among metalworking fluid (MWF) types. The OEL (time-weighted average; 5 mg/m3, short-term exposure limit ; 15 mg/m3) has been applied to MWF aerosols without consideration of different fluid aerosol-size fractions. The OEL, is also based on the assumption that there are no significant differences in risk among fluid types, which may be contentious. Particularly, the health risks from exposure to water-soluble fluids may not have been sufficiently considered. Although adoption of The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's recommended exposure limit for MWF aerosol (0.5 mg/m3) would be an effective step towards minimizing and evaluating the upper respiratory irritation that may be caused by neat or diluted MWF, this would fail to address the hazards (e.g., asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by microbial contaminants generated only by the use of water-soluble fluids. The absence of an OEL for the water-soluble fluids used in approximately 80-90 % of all applicants may result in limitations of the protection from health risks caused by exposure to those fluids.

Captura acidental de Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789) em rede de neblina / Accidental capture of Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789) with mist net / Captura accidental de Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789)en malla de niebla en malla de niebla

The use of mist nets for inventories and monitoring of birds and bats is a widespread practice today. Usually this methodology is used in daytime periods for birds and during the night to catch bats. The aim of this study is to report the accidental capture of Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE) in mist nets, armed to monitor bats. The activities were carried out in a forest fragment, inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome, located in the city of Dois Irmãos das Missões (north of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). On Dec. 25, 2009, the accidental capture of one N. griseus male individual was registered. Until that time, there had been no reports on the catching of this species using mist nets in the literature. The authors attribute this accidental capture of N. griseus to the fact that many large beetles were also trapped on the mist nets on the same date, and considering the food habit from these birds (exclusively insectivorous), the beetles may be acting as live baits, making the accidental capture easy.

La utilización de mallas de niebla para realización de inventarios y monitoreo de aves y quirópteros es una práctica extensamente difundida actualmente. Normalmente se utiliza esta metodología en periodos diurnos para aves y nocturno para captura de murciélagos. El objetivo de este estudio es relatar la captura accidental de Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE), en malla de niebla, armada para monitoreo de quirópteros. Las actividades se han realizado en un remaneciente forestal, inserido en el bioma Mata Atlántica, ubicado en el municipio de Dos Hermanos de las Misiones (norte del Rio Grande de Sur, Brasil). El día 25 de diciembre de 2009 se registró la captura accidental de una espécimen macho de N. griseus. Hasta el momento no se ha encontrado en la literatura ningún otro registro de captura de esa especie, con malla de niebla. Los autores atribuyen esa captura accidental de N. griseus al hecho de innúmeros coleópteros de gran tamaño que se han quedado atrapados en la malla de niebla, en la misma fecha y, en función del hábito alimentar esencialmente insectívoro de esa especie de ave, los escarabajos pueden haber actuado como carnada viva, facilitando la captura accidental.

A utilização de redes de neblina para realização de inventários e monitoramentos de aves e quirópteros é uma prática largamente difundida nos dias atuais. Normalmente utiliza-se esta metodologia em períodos diurnos para aves e no turno da noite para a captura de morcegos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a captura acidental de Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE), em rede de neblina, armada para o monitoramento de quirópteros. As atividades foram realizadas em um remanescente florestal, inserido no bioma Mata Atlântica, localizado no município de Dois Irmãos das Missões (norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). No dia 25 de dezembro de 2009 foi registrada a captura acidental de um espécime macho de N. griseus. Até o momento não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum outro registro de captura dessa espécie, com rede de neblina. Os autores atribuem essa captura acidental de N. griseus ao fato de inúmeros coleópteros de grande porte terem ficado presos na rede de neblina, na mesma data e, em função do hábito alimentar essencialmente insetívoro dessa espécie de ave, os besouros podem ter atuando como iscas-vivas, facilitando a captura acidental.

Effects of a New Hyperthermia Treatment, Nano-mist Sauna, on Our Body Temperature, Energy Production and Immune and Autonomic Nerve System / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Purpose  In a series of our recent studies, systematic mild hyperthermia treatments, such as sauna, hot spring and a special bath for medical treatment, were found to activate leucocytes and to enhance immunity. Although they are known to be effective for health promotion, it is not easy for general people to regularly take these conventional hyperthermia. It would be advantageous for elderly persons, sick people and pregnant women as well as pressed business persons if it is able to minimize stress which might be induced by the conventional hyperthermia, such as high temperature heat, water pressure and humidity. To pursue a further study of the effect of hyperthermia itself, in this research, we utilized nano-mist sauna (NMS), a new hyperthermia treatment. NMS, a new type sauna, is characterized by the ability to produce ultra small fog-shaped hot water called nano-mist, which hardly condenses dew. And we studied the effect of NMS on body temperature, leukocytes, autonomic nerve function and energy production. Method  We obtained peripheral blood from six healthy male volunteers (age, 46.5±8.5 years) before and after NMS hyperthermia (20min, 40°C, 100%RH) for lactate and blood glucose measurement and flowcytometric analysis. Body temperature (hypoglossal) and pulse rates were also measured. The statistical analysis difference between the values was determined by paired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Result  After NMS hyperthermia body temperature and the level of PO2 rose (36.8→37.2°C), (52→61mmHg) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the level of lactate showed decrease in all subjects. The ratio and the numbers of NK cells decreased (21.8→17.7%, 498→436/μL) (p<0.05) while those of B cells increased (9.5→12.1%, 261→349/μL) (p<0.05). Discussion  Several investigators report that the conventional hyperthermia enhances the primordial immune system (i.e. extrathymic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and granulocytes) via dominance of sympathetic nerve system function (SNS) . Conversely, in our study, those of the conventional immune system (i.e. T and B cells) was enhanced, suggesting suppression of SNS function. It is reported that the expression level of HLA-DR on the B cells was elevated during hyperthermia (body temperature rose). SNS function (hypothermia) is stimulated by stress and it is suppressed by relaxing (hyperthermia) in the opposite. And it is considered that NMS hyperthermia suppressed SNS and that it was also consistent with our result of lactate decrease. It is possible to consider that NMS hyperthermia may impact on autonomic nerve activating leucocytes. Therefore NMS may be a kind of effective health promotion for valetudinarian (ie an infant, a female) and both a caregiver and a caretaker.

Effects of a New Hyperthermia Treatment, Nano-mist Sauna, on Our Body Temperature, Energy Production and Immune and Autonomic Nerve System / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Purpose</b><br> In a series of our recent studies, systematic mild hyperthermia treatments, such as sauna, hot spring and a special bath for medical treatment, were found to activate leucocytes and to enhance immunity. Although they are known to be effective for health promotion, it is not easy for general people to regularly take these conventional hyperthermia. It would be advantageous for elderly persons, sick people and pregnant women as well as pressed business persons if it is able to minimize stress which might be induced by the conventional hyperthermia, such as high temperature heat, water pressure and humidity. To pursue a further study of the effect of hyperthermia itself, in this research, we utilized nano-mist sauna (NMS), a new hyperthermia treatment. NMS, a new type sauna, is characterized by the ability to produce ultra small fog-shaped hot water called nano-mist, which hardly condenses dew. And we studied the effect of NMS on body temperature, leukocytes, autonomic nerve function and energy production.<br><b>Method</b><br> We obtained peripheral blood from six healthy male volunteers (age, 46.5±8.5 years) before and after NMS hyperthermia (20min, 40°C, 100%RH) for lactate and blood glucose measurement and flowcytometric analysis. Body temperature (hypoglossal) and pulse rates were also measured. The statistical analysis difference between the values was determined by paired <i>t</i>-test and Kruskal-Wallis test.<br><b>Result</b><br> After NMS hyperthermia body temperature and the level of PO₂ rose (36.8→37.2°C), (52→61mmHg) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the level of lactate showed decrease in all subjects. The ratio and the numbers of NK cells decreased (21.8→17.7%, 498→436/μL) (p<0.05) while those of B cells increased (9.5→12.1%, 261→349/μL) (p<0.05).<br><b>Discussion</b><br> Several investigators report that the conventional hyperthermia enhances the primordial immune system (i.e. extrathymic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and granulocytes) via dominance of sympathetic nerve system function (SNS) . Conversely, in our study, those of the conventional immune system (i.e. T and B cells) was enhanced, suggesting suppression of SNS function. It is reported that the expression level of HLA-DR on the B cells was elevated during hyperthermia (body temperature rose). SNS function (hypothermia) is stimulated by stress and it is suppressed by relaxing (hyperthermia) in the opposite. And it is considered that NMS hyperthermia suppressed SNS and that it was also consistent with our result of lactate decrease. It is possible to consider that NMS hyperthermia may impact on autonomic nerve activating leucocytes. Therefore NMS may be a kind of effective health promotion for valetudinarian (ie an infant, a female) and both a caregiver and a caretaker.

The Effect of Mist Bathing on the Scalp Blood / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Purpose</b><br>In recent years, relatively high humidity (100%) and low temperature (40°C) sauna systems called mist saunas have become popular for homes. It is reported that the impact of differing bathing conditions-namely tub bathing and mist sauna bathing-on the circulation of blood in the scalp have been verified in order to clarify the effects of mist sauna on scalp hair: a characteristic of concern to many men.<br><b>Method</b><br>The testing was performed on 8 healthy men in their twenties (average age: 23.6, average weight: 61.8kg, average height: 166cm). Bathing conditions were mist sauna at 40°C for 10 minutes and full body bathing at 40°C for 10 minutes. Blood circulation in the scalp was observed at the top of their heads using a laser Doppler blood flow meter attached to head gear. At the same time, the skin temperature and local perspiration on their foreheads were measured.<br><b>Results and conclusions</b><br>Immediately after beginning bathing, the blood flow rose significantly higher during full body bathing than during the mist sauna. No change was observed as full body bathing continued, but during the mist sauna, the blood flow gradually increased until ultimately the blood flow was much higher during the mist sauna than during full body bathing. Based on this result, it is assumed that the increase of scalp blood flow during full body bathing was caused by hydrostatic pressure, and the increase caused by the mist sauna was the result of the heat effects.

Determination of Sulfuric Acid Mist in Air by Ion Chromatography / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To develop a quick, simple and sensitive method for determination of sulfuric acid mist in the air by ion chromatography. Methods The samples were collected by Nillipore filter, Na2CO3-NaHCO3 solution was used and the samples were analyzed by using ion-chromatography as well as external standard curve. Results The linear range of the method was 0.5-10.0 ?g/ml and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 8. The RSD for the test accuracy and variation of repeat tests within one day or between the different days was