Competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología / Specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in gastroenterology

Introducción: La formación académica en Cuba se propone una formación con alta competencia profesional y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño profesional especializado, por lo que constituye una prioridad para la Educación Médica cubana dar respuesta a dicha exigencia. Resulta esencial un modelo de competencias profesionales para la formación de los especialistas médicos, que permita el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional en respuesta a las exigencias del modelo del egresado. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, prospectivo, de investigación aplicativa bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos, legales, de las leyes de la Educación y la Educación Médica. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Se desarrolla en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en el período 2019-2021. Resultados: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas se estructura en el marco epistemológico, objetivos, contexto social, representación gráfica, forma de implementación, así como se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas: asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección que posibilitan la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Se corrobora la viabilidad del modelo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la triangulación efectuada. Conclusiones: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas diseñado es pertinente, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional y ocupacional de la especialidad, lo que enriquece las Ciencias de la Educación Médica en lo referido a la formación permanente y continuada(AU)

Introduction: Academic training in Cuba proposes training with high professional competence and advanced skills for specialized professional performance, which is why it is a priority for Cuban medical education to respond to this requirement. A model of professional skills is essential for the training of medical specialists, which allows the improvement of professional performance in response to the demands of the graduate model. Objective: To design a model of specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in Gastroenterology. Material and Methods: An educational, prospective, applicative research study was carried out under the general materialist dialectical approach, based on philosophical, psychological, legal theories and approaches of the laws of Education and Medical Education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used. It is developed at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in the period 2019-2021. Results: The model of specific professional competencies is structured in the epistemological framework, objectives, social context, graphic representation, and form of implementation; additionally, specific professional competencies in the areas of care, teaching, research and management that enable improvement in the professional performance of future specialists are identified and defined. The viability of the model is corroborated, based on the results obtained from the triangulation carried out. Conclusions: The model of specific professional competencies designed is pertinent, in correspondence with the professional and occupational profile of the specialty, which enriches the Sciences of Medical Education in terms of permanent and continuing education(AU)

Competencias y desempeño profesional pedagógico hacia un modelo del profesor de la carrera de Medicina / Competencies and professional pedagogic performance to attain a profesor model for the medical career

Se realizó una sistematización de la obra de diferentes autores sobre la evolución de las competencias y el desempeño profesional pedagógico en el ámbito del sector de la salud y las ciencias pedagógicas con el objetivo de identificar los referentes teóricos que nos permitan un acercamiento al diseño del modelo del profesor para la carrera de Medicina, en los escenarios actuales donde se desarrolla, desde el principio rector de la educación en el trabajo. El estudio histórico-lógico realizado, permitió conocer los diferentes autores y posiciones asumidas con relación a las competencias y permitió identificar cómo se han ido modelando las competencias del profesor universitario en Cuba y en otros contextos internacionales. Se presentan los resultados de la investigación del autor sobre las competencias del profesor de la carrera de Medicina en los escenarios actuales que permitirán la aproximación al modelo del profesor de la carrera

The systematization of the works of several authors on the development of the professional pedagogic competencies and performance in the field of health care and educational sciences was made. The objective was to find the theoretical referents that allow us to approach to the design of a professor model for the medicine studies at the present scenarios, based on the ruling principle of education at work. This historical and logical study made it possible to learn about the different authors and their positions with respect to competencies and to identify how the competencies of the university professor in Cuba and other parts of the world have been gradually modeled. This paper presented the results of the author's research work on the competencies of the professor in the medical studies nowadays, which will facilitate to approach to the professor model for this career

Seleção por competência: Ficção ou possibilidade? / Selection by competences: Possibility or fiction?

Este estudo, de natureza bibliográfica, analisa o processo de seleção por competências, amplamente difundido como nova modalidade de gestão de pessoas nas organizações de trabalho. Busca-se conhecer as técnicas utilizadas nesse tipo de seleção, que começa pelo recrutamento/atração de pessoas, com o intuito de expor o seu diferencial em relação aos processos seletivos tradicionais. Observa-se que a necessidade de acompanhar as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho acarreta inúmeras exigências – agilidade, inovação, criatividade, efetividade de resultados– aos trabalhadores e ao modo de selecioná-los. Na revisão de literatura, que trata do tema da seleção por competência, não foram encontrados resultados significativos em termos de inovação ou mudança em relação ao modelo tradicional de selecionar pessoas. Verificamos duas concepções de modelos de competências que versam sobre este tema. De um lado, encontra-se um grupo vinculado à área de gestão de pessoas, que defende/m o modelo de seleção por competências a partir do antigo trinômio, outrora utilizado na clássica administração de recursos humanos (ARH), de avaliação de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), como requisitos fundamentais que credenciam um profissional a exercer uma determinada função ou cargo. De outro, uma corrente de pensadores que caracteriza/m a competência como um retorno do trabalho ao trabalhador. Nessa segunda concepção, destacam-se os conceitos de entrega,responsabilidade, iniciativa e autonomia. Conclui-se, portanto, não haver um modelo geral para esse “novo” tipo de seleção, embora se apresente uma perspectiva de mapeamento de competências que considera interesses do trabalhador à missão estratégica da organização.

This bibliographic study, analyzes the selection process by competences, widely defined as a new model for people management in working organizations. It seeks to know the techniques used in this type of selection, which begins with the recruitment/ attraction of people, with the aim to expose its differential compared to the techniques of traditional selection process. It is observed that the need to monitor the changes in the world of work entails many requirements – flexibility, innovation, creativity, effectiveness of results – to the employees and how to select them. In the review of literature dealing with the issue of selection by competences, significant results were not found in terms of innovation or change from the traditional model of selecting people. We found two conceptions of competence models which deal with this issue. On one hand, there is a group with ties to the area of people management, that defends the selection model by competences based on the old triad, once used in the classic people management (PM) – assessment of knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) – as basic requirements that qualify a professional to perform a particular function or position. On the other hand, there is a stream of scholars that characterize competence as a return of the work to the worker. Through this second conception the concepts of delivery, responsibility, initiative and autonomy stand out. The conclusion, thus, is that there is not a general model for this“new” type of selection, although it presents a perspective of competence mapping that considers interests of the employees under the strategic mission of the organization.