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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);39(4): 342-345, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039085

RESUMEN

Objective: To assess both cognitive and affective empathy in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) during an acute manic or depressive episode. Methods: The study included 25 patients with BD (aged 35±14 years) during an acute manic episode, 25 bipolar patients (aged 41±14 years) during a depressive episode, and 25 healthy control subjects (aged 36±11 years). Cognitive and affective empathy were assessed using the Multifaceted Empathy Test. Results: In both manic and depressive patients, a significant deficit in cognitive empathy was demonstrated. However, indices of affective empathy were significantly higher in the manic group than in depressed and control subjects. In the depressed patients, indices did not differ from those of healthy controls. For affective empathy, a significant positive correlation was found with intensity of manic symptoms and a negative correlation was found with intensity of depressive symptoms. No such correlations were observed with cognitive empathy. Conclusion: We found evidence of increased affective empathy (overempathizing) during a manic episode in bipolar patients. This phenomenon may be connected with disturbances in emotion inhibition related to anastrophic thinking and associated with increased activity of mirror neurons, all of which occur during a manic episode.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Empatía , Pruebas Psicológicas , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Persona de Mediana Edad
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);39(2): 147-153, Apr.-June 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-844187

RESUMEN

Objective: To ascertain lifetime prevalence of positivity to a screening questionnaire for bipolar disorders (BD) in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and residents of Sardinia and assess whether such positivity affects quality of life (QoL) in either group. Our hypothesis is that screen positivity for BD may be more frequent in immigrants. Methods: Observational study. Subjects were randomly selected from the membership lists of associations of Sardinian immigrants in Argentina. A study carried out in Sardinia using the same methodology was used for comparison. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was used to screen for mania/hypomania and the Short-Form Health Survey-12 to measure QoL. Results: A higher prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes was found in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.87-4.77). Positivity at screening was associated with a lower QoL both in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and in residents of Sardinia. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a higher lifetime prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes in a general-population sample of individuals who migrated to a foreign country. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that hyperactive/novelty-seeking features may represent an adaptive substrate in certain conditions of social change.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Argentina/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Modelos Logísticos , Factores Sexuales , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Italia/etnología
3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);36(supl.1): 40-50, 2014. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-727711

RESUMEN

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is an early-onset disorder characterized by perfectionism, need for control, and cognitive rigidity. Its nosological status is currently under review. Historically, OCPD has been conceptualized as bearing a close relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this article, we discuss the diagnosis of OCPD in anticipation of its review for the ICD-11, from the perspective of clinical utility, global applicability, and research planning. Considering the recent establishment of an obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) category in DSM-5, we focus on the relationship between OCPD and the disorders that are currently thought to bear a close relationship with OCD, including DSM-5 OCRD, and other compulsive disorders such as eating disorder and autistic spectrum disorder (that were not included in the DSM-5 OCRD category), as well as with the personality disorders, focusing on nosological determinants such as phenomenology, course of illness, heritability, environmental risk factors, comorbidity, neurocognitive endophenotypes, and treatment response. Based on this analysis, we attempt to draw conclusions as to its optimal placement in diagnostic systems and draw attention to key research questions that could be explored in field trials.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trastorno de Personalidad Compulsiva/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Comorbilidad , Trastorno de Personalidad Compulsiva/clasificación , Trastorno de Personalidad Compulsiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluvoxamina/uso terapéutico , Conducta Impulsiva , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/clasificación , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Placebos
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);36(supl.1): 59-64, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-727714

RESUMEN

This article addresses the question of how body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder) should be characterized in ICD-11. The article reviews the historical nosology of the two disorders and the current approaches in DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although data are limited and mixed regarding the optimal relationship between body-focused repetitive behavior disorders and nosological categories, these conditions should be included within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category, as this is how most clinicians see these behaviors, and as this may optimize clinical utility. The descriptions of these disorders should largely mirror those in DSM-5, given the evidence from recent field surveys. The recommendations regarding ICD-11 and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders should promote the global identification and treatment of these conditions in primary care settings.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Movimiento Estereotipado/diagnóstico , Tricotilomanía/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/clasificación , Trastorno de Movimiento Estereotipado/clasificación , Tricotilomanía/clasificación
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