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Fucoidan used as immunostimulant is commonly in the crude form. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan in both crude and purified forms in their immunostimulatory activity. In addition, we studied the effect of low- and high-molecular weight fucoidan as hydrolysis products toward immunostimulatory activity. Four kinds of fucoidan were assayed for immunostimulant activity on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The parameters observed in the assay includes the mortality number, haemocyte, gene-related immunity (phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and transglutaminase) in the shrimps infected with viral WSSV. The assay results showed that pure fucoidan exhibited higher activity compared with that of crude fucoidan. Sulfate and carbohydrate content of HMW fucoidan are 7.8 % and 82.54 % with an estimated molecular weight of 8.28 x104 Dalton, and low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan has 1.2% and 65.23% with an estimated molecular weight of 7.53 x104 Dalton. The transcriptional level of the immunity-related genes was found higher after feeding the infected shrimps with purified and HMW fucoidan. In particular, all of fucoidan forms increased the phenoloxidase gene transcription, suggesting that fucoidan have significant role in the production of phenoloxidase.
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@#An analysis of low molecule weight heparins(LMWH)patents throughout China and aroud the world is made. The suggestion, in terms of patent technical solution, is given to the R&D of LMWH, especially the enoxaparin, dalteprin and nadroparin.
RESUMEN
Cancer metastasis is multi-step process that requires cancer cells to jump through many hoops.The low-molecule-weight beparin (LMWH) has been reported effective for the treatment of metastasis to some extent, the mechanisms are proposed as anticoagulation, inhibition of heparanase, selectins, adhesion, angiogenesis mediated by the tumor cells, and the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of LMWH therapy for SAP.Methods 48 wistar rats were random divided into 3 groups,sham group(S group),severe acute pancreatitis group(SAP group)and LMWH therapy group(H group).Serum amylase,IL-6,acinar cell apoptosis and the activity of NF-κB were detected and compared.Results The expression of amylase and IL-6 in SAP group was significantly higher than that in H group(P＜0.01).The apoptosis index of acinar cell in SAP group wag significantly lower than that in H group(P＜0.01),while the activity of NF-κB in SAP groupwas stronger than that in H group.Conclusions LMWH therapy may ameliorate SAP by inducing acinar cell apoptosis through suppressing the activity of NF-κB.
RESUMEN
The recombinant protein drug usually has a short half-life after intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration. The methods of prolonging the half-life of recombinant protein drug in common use are mainly based on three principles: 1 Amplifying the molecule weight of protein drug; 2 Making use of drug balance in the blood; 3 Reducing Immunogenicity. Three methods were focused on: Analog construction, PEGylation and Albumin fusion technology. The characteristics, half-life and immunogenicity problem of their products in the market and under development are summarized.