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Background: Moringa peregrina Forssk is a well-known plant in ethnomedicine due to its widespread uses in various diseases like cough, wound healing, rhinitis, fever, and detoxification. The plant seeds contain compounds that are cytotoxic to many cancer cells. During the therapeutic use of plants via the oral route, some compounds present in the plants may be cytotoxic to normal cell lines and red blood cells. Objective: This study was the first report of investigation of the cytotoxic profile on oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line, and hemolytic activities on human erythrocytes of Moringa peregrina seeds ethanolic extract (MPSE). Methods: MPSE was screened for its cytotoxic effect against oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The toxicity of MPSE on human erythrocytes was determined by in vitro hemolytic assay. Results: MPSE showed significant anti-proliferative activity against oral cancer, CAL 27 cell line at lower concentrations with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 21.03 µg/mL. At 1,000 µg/ml of MPSE, the maximum hemolysis was found to be 14.3% which is within safer limit. Conclusions: This study revealed a potential anti-oral cancer of MPSE and provided a baseline for its potential use in oral cancer treatment with minimum hemolytic effect on human RBCs.
La Moringa peregrina Forssk es una planta muy conocida en etnomedicina debido a sus usos generalizados en diversas enfermedades como la tos, la cicatrización de heridas, la rinitis, la fiebre y la desintoxicación. Las semillas de la planta contienen compuestos citotóxicos para muchas células cancerosas. Durante el uso terapéutico de las plantas por vía oral, algunos compuestos presentes en ellas pueden ser citotóxicos para las líneas celulares normales y los glóbulos rojos. Objetivo: Este estudio fue el primer informe de investigación del perfil citotóxico sobre el cáncer oral, CAL 27, línea celular, y las actividades hemolíticas en eritrocitos humanos del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringa peregrina (MPSE). Métodos: Se examinó el efecto citotóxico del MPSE contra la línea celular de cáncer oral CAL 27 mediante el ensayo con bromuro de 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2, 5,-difeniltetrazolio (MTT). La toxicidad del MPSE sobre los eritrocitos humanos se determinó mediante un ensayo hemolítico in vitro. Resultados: MPSE mostró una actividad antiproliferativa significativa contra el cáncer oral, línea celular CAL 27 a concentraciones más bajas con un valor de concentración inhibitoria media máxima (IC50) de 21,03 µg/mL. A 1.000 µg/ml de MPSE, la hemólisis máxima fue del 14,3%, lo que está dentro del límite de seguridad. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló un potencial anticancerígeno oral de MPSE y proporcionó una base para su uso potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer oral con un efecto hemolítico mínimo en los glóbulos rojos humanos.
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Humanos , Moringa , Neoplasias de la Boca , Citotoxinas , Eritrocitos , Medicina TradicionalRESUMEN
Background: Moringa peregrina is widely used in the traditional medicine of the Arabian Peninsula to treat various ailments, because it has many pharmacologically active components with several therapeutic effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Moringaperegrina seed ethanolic extract (MPSE) against key enzymes involved in human pathologies, such as angiogenesis (thymidine phosphorylase), diabetes (α-glucosidase), and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (carbonic anhydrase). In addition, the anticancer properties were tested against the SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma). Results: MPSE extract significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, thymidine phosphorylase, and carbonic anhydrase with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 303.1 ± 1.3, 471.30 ± 0.3, and 271.30 ± 5.1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of the MPSE was observed on the SH-SY5Y cancer cell line with IC50 values of 55.1 µg/mL. Conclusions: MPSE has interesting inhibitory capacities against key enzymes and human neuroblastoma cancer cell line.
Antecedentes: La Moringa peregrina se utiliza ampliamente en la medicina tradicional de la Península Arábiga para tratar diversas dolencias, ya que posee numerosos componentes farmacológicamente activos con varios efectos terapéuticos. Objetivo: Este estudio tenía como objetivo investigar el efecto inhibidor del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringaperegrina (MPSE) frente a enzimas clave implicadas en patologías humanas, como la angiogénesis (timidina fosforilasa), la diabetes (α-glucosidasa) y la hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (anhidrasa carbónica). Además, se comprobaron las propiedades anticancerígenas frente al SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma humano). Resultados: El extracto de MPSE inhibió significativamente la α-glucosidasa, la timidina fosforilasa y la anhidrasa carbónica con concentraciones inhibitorias semimáximas (IC50) de 303,1 ± 1,3, 471,30 ± 0,3 y 271,30 ± 5,1 µg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se observó el efecto antiproliferativo del MPSE en la línea celular del cáncer SH-SY5Y con valores de IC50 de 55,1 µg/mL. Conclusiones: MPSE posee interesantes capacidades inhibitorias frente a enzimas clave y línea celular de neuroblastoma canceroso humano.
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Humanos , Anticarcinógenos , Moringa , Inhibidores Enzimáticos , alfa-GlucosidasasRESUMEN
Background: An increase of oxidative species in our body is implicated in the expansion and progression of chronic diseases. Identification of new natural antioxidants resources may provide hopeful expectancies for the upgrading of human healthcare concerning the prevention of the expansion of the chronic diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to perform the isolation, chemical analysis, and antioxidative activity of the volatile oils of Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera from Saudi Arabia. Method: The volatile oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method. The physicochemical characteristics were also analyzed by the reported methods. The DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidant potential of the isolated oils. Result: The hydrodistillation method provided the volatile oil from M. peregrina and M. oleifera in 0.06% and 0.05% yield, respectively. The color, odour, solubility in water, ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and petroleum ether, refractive index, and the acid value of these isolated oils were similar. The isolated volatile oils from M. peregrina and M. oleifera provided good IC50 values, which were 85.48% and 85.57%, respectively, with respect to ascorbic acid (100%). Conclusion: It is expected that the chemical composition of the volatile oils of these two species of Moringa might be similar, which can be identified by their GC-MS analysis. Accordingly, further investigations are suggested.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study investigated cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HELA) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) using the most active fraction of Moringa peregrina seed extract.@*METHODS@#Dried and powdered seeds were extracted using 95% ethanol. The total ethanolic extract was further dissolved in distilled water and separated into petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Based on the results of in vitro anticancer studies of all extracts, the most highly active extract was selected for evaluation of apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis on HELA and PC-3 cells at its half maximal inhibitory concentration using flow cytometry; DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis and the expression of protein were measured by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The chloroform fraction from the ethanolic extract of M. peregrina (CFEE) was the most active antitumor fraction. The selectivity index, determined using the normal Vero cell line, indicated that CFEE had a high degree of selectivity against HELA and PC-3 cells. CFEE induced apoptosis, confirmed by cell cycle arrest at sub-G phase and DNA fragmentation. CFEE induced an increase in mRNA expression of caspase-3, a decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA expression, and decreased ATP levels. CFEE increased protein expression of caspase-3 and decreased protein expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Flow cytometric analysis showed an appreciable increase in the number of cells in the early apoptotic stage in CFEE-treated HELA and PC-3 cells. CFEE treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level) in HELA and PC-3 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Seed extract of M. peregrina displayed a significant antitumor effect through apoptosis induction in HELA and PC-3 cells.
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Objective: To perform phytochemical screening, estimate total phenolics, flavonoids and to evaluate antioxidant potential of Moringa peregrina (M. peregrina) leaves. Methods: The dried powdered leaves of M. peregrina (150 g) were extracted exhaustively by Soxhlet with ethanol and then fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethy alacetate and methanol. All the prepared extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the crude extracts. Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods were used to estimate total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts. Hydrogen peroxide and 1,1 diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract showed presence of major classes of phytochemicals. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed presence of 19 phytoconstituents in hexane extract, 6 in ethyl acetate and 7 compounds in methanolic extract. Methanol extract was found to contain the highest phenolic content and flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant activities of all crude extracts were significant and comparable with the standard ascorbic acid. Conclusions: Results of this study show that the leaves of M. peregrina are the rich source of phenolic compounds that can play an important role in preventing the progression of many diseases.
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To perform phytochemical screening, estimate total phenolics, flavonoids and to evaluate antioxidant potential of Moringa peregrina (M. peregrina) leaves. Methods: The dried powdered leaves of M. peregrina (150 g) were extracted exhaustively by Soxhlet with ethanol and then fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethy alacetate and methanol. All the prepared extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the crude extracts. Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods were used to estimate total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts. Hydrogen peroxide and 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract showed presence of major classes of phytochemicals. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed presence of 19 phytoconstituents in hexane extract, 6 in ethyl acetate and 7 compounds in methanolic extract. Methanol extract was found to contain the highest phenolic content and flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant activities of all crude extracts were significant and comparable with the standard ascorbic acid. Conclusions: Results of this study show that the leaves of M. peregrina are the rich source of phenolic compounds that can play an important role in preventing the progression of many diseases.