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Introducción: El desarrollo psicomotor comprende la apropiación de diferentes etapas del desarrollo que se logra acorde con la maduración del sistema nervioso y la influencia del entorno en el perfeccionamiento de las diferentes habilidades. Objetivo: Identificar las propiedades métricas de las escalas de evaluación validadas en Hispanoamérica para la medición de desarrollo psicomotor en niños hasta los 18 años de edad. Métodos: Revisión exploratoria a partir de un proceso de búsquedas en las bases de datos: PEDRO, Science Direct, LILACS, EBSCO y Google Scholar. La búsqueda se limitó a estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2019, no se plantearon otros límites. Se aplicaron filtros de forma independiente por título, abstract, texto completo y análisis crítico de la literatura. Se incluyeron 25 artículos cuyos resultados se analizan desde las correspondientes escalas que evalúan el desarrollo psicomotor. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Las escalas validadas en Hispanoamérica se presentan en dos subgrupos de edad: de 0 a 7 años, que en su mayoría miden aspectos del desarrollo psicomotor a partir de la exploración autónoma y el desarrollo de tareas acordes a la edad y subgrupo de 7 a 18 años, que hace énfasis en el perfeccionamiento de habilidades físicas. Las escalas presentan calificación dentro de límites positivos. Conclusiones: Se presentan escalas validadas que comprenden elementos del desarrollo psicomotor por periodos de vida, con énfasis en la evaluación de aspectos del desarrollo inicial y posteriormente en el perfeccionamiento de habilidades(AU)
Introduction: Psychomotor development includes the appropriation of different stages of development that is achieved according to the maturation of the nervous system and the influence of the environment in the improvement of different skills. Objective: To identify the metric properties of the evaluation scales validated in Latin America for the measurement of psychomotor development in children up to 18 years of age. Methods: Exploratory review based on a search process in the databases: PEDRO, Science Direct, LILACS, EBSCO and Google Scholar. The search was limited to studies published between 2000 and 2019, no other limits were raised. Filters were applied independently by title, abstract, full text and critical analysis of the literature. There were included 25 articles whose results are analyzed from the corresponding scales that evaluate psychomotor development. Analysis and synthesis of information: The scales validated in Latin America are presented in two age subgroups: from 0 to 7 years, which mostly measure aspects of psychomotor development from autonomous exploration and the development of tasks according to age; and the subgroup from 7 to 18 years, which emphasizes the improvement of physical skills. The scales are rated within positive limits. Conclusions: Validated scales are presented that include elements of psychomotor development by life periods, with emphasis on the evaluation of aspects of initial development and later on the improvement of skills(AU)
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Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Desempeño Psicomotor , Desarrollo Infantil , Destreza Motora , Hispánicos o LatinosRESUMEN
O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar 10 dicas rápidas que tem como alvo o auxílio no desenvolvimento de confiança, de melhora da habilidade manual e de planejamento cirúrgico na rotina diária de treinamento do jovem cirurgião plástico; habilidades capazes de promover redução do tempo cirúrgico global, sem comprometer a meticulosidade dos movimentos realizados.
The purpose of this article is to show 10 quick tips that aim to aid in the development of confidence, improvement of manual skill, and surgical planning in the daily training routine of the young plastic surgeon; skills capable of reducing overall surgical time without compromising the meticulousness of the movements performed.
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ABSTRACT Little is known about the impact of environmental factors and daily tasks for the infant development which the adolescent mother is exposed. Therefore the present study was to identify associations and predictors of motor and cognitive development of infants of adolescent and adult mothers. Participated 40 babies aged between 0 and 18 months, 20 babies in each group - adolescent and adult mothers. Alberta Motor Infant Scale, Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development, Knowledge of Infant Development and Daily Activities of Infant was used for assessments. A strong association between motor skills and cognition (r² = 0.88) in both groups was observed. The predictors of motor development in the adolescent mother group were paternal age, home space, the mother does not work outside the home, parents' educational level, number of toys and adults in the household, parenting practices and knowledge of parents The predictors of cognitive development were parents living together, the amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. In the adult mother group, the predictors of motor development were the cognitive development, caesarean birth, parents living together, amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. As predictors of cognitive development, remained in the regression model the motor development, number of days in the ICU, number of rooms in the residence and parental practice. Conclusions: The interdependence between cognition and motor skills, family and residence characteristics, and parenting practices were the main determinants of infant trajectory.
RESUMO Pouco se sabe sobre a repercussão para o desenvolvimento do bebê dos fatores ambientais e das tarefas cotidianas as quais a mãe adolescente está exposta. Por isso o presente estudo propôs identificar as associações e os preditores do desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês filhos de mães adolescentes e adultas. Foram avaliados 40 bebês com idade entre 0 e 18 meses, tendo 20 bebês em cada grupo - mães adolescentes e adultas. As avaliações foram através da Alberta Motor Infant Scale e Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Affordances in the Home Enviroment for Motor Development, Knowledge of Infant Development e Daily Activities of Infant. Observou-se forte associação entre motricidade e cognição (r²=0,88) em ambos os grupos estudados. Entre os bebês de mães adolescentes, a idade paterna, espaço domiciliar, a mãe não trabalhar fora de casa, escolaridade dos pais, quantidade de brinquedos e adultos na residência, as práticas parentais e o conhecimento dos pais se mostraram preditores do desenvolvimento motor. Para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, mostraram-se preditores o fato dos pais morarem juntos, a quantidade de quartos na residência e as práticas parentais. No grupo de bebês de mães adultas, o desenvolvimento cognitivo, parto cesariano, os pais morarem juntos, quantidade de quartos na residência, e as práticas parentais foram preditores do desenvolvimento motor. Já como preditores do desenvolvimento cognitivo, permaneceram no modelo de regressão o desenvolvimento motor, quantidade de dias na UTI, número de quartos na residência e prática parentais. A interdependência entre cognição e motricidade, as características da família e da residência, e as práticas parentais foram os principais determinantes da trajetória do infante.
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Humanos , Embarazo , Adolescente , Cognición , Crecimiento y Desarrollo , Corteza Sensoriomotora , Destreza MotoraRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on the primary motor cortex (M1) in the manual performance asymmetries in a manual dexterity tasks. The sample consisted of 28 volunteers, right-handed, men and without neurological impairment. The task (Grooved Pegboard) consisted of inserting 25 pins in 25 receptacles, as soon as possible. The task was executed in the pretest with both hands to define the level of manual asymmetry. tDCS or Sham were applied a week after the pretest, then the subjects were evaluated in the post-test. The results revealed that the effects of tDCS in M1 did not reduce asymmetries in a manual dexterity task. However, only the tDCS group improved the performance from pretest to the posttest (p <0.05) in both hands. Stimulation of the right M1 may have generated benefits in the contralateral M1.
RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) sobre o córtex motor primário (M1) nas assimetrias de desempenho manual em uma tarefa de destreza manual. A amostra foi composta por 28 voluntários, destros, do sexo masculino e sem comprometimento neurológico. A tarefa (Grooved Pegboard) consistiu em encaixar 25 pinos em 25 receptáculos, o mais rápido possível. A tarefa foi executada no pré-teste com ambas as mãos para definição do nível de assimetria manual. Uma semana após o pré-teste foi aplicado a ETCC ou placebo, em seguida os sujeitos foram avaliados no pós-teste. Os resultados revelaram que os efeitos da ETCC no M1 não foram capazes de diminuir as assimetrias manuais em uma tarefa de destreza manual em sujeitos destros. Entretanto, somente o grupo ETCC melhorou o desempenho do pré-teste para o pós-teste (p<0,05) em ambas as mãos. A estimulação do M1 direito pode ter gerado benefícios no M1 contralateral.
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Estimulación Eléctrica , Lateralidad Funcional , Destreza MotoraRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To assess the impact of extrinsic factors on fine motor performance of children aged 2-years old. Methods: 73 children attending public and 21 private day care centers were assessed. Day care environment was evaluated using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ITERS-R), fine motor performance was assessed through the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSITD-III), socioeconomic data, maternal education and time of start at the day care were collected through interviews. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association between the studied variables. Results: The time at the day care was positively correlated with the children's performance in some fine motor tasks of the BSITD-III, showing that the activities developed in day care centers were important for the refinement of specific motor skills, while the overall fine motor performance by the scale was associated with maternal education and the ITERS-R scale sub-item “language and understanding”. Conclusions: Extrinsic factors such as higher maternal education and quality of day care centers are associated with fine motor performance in children attending day care.
Resumo Objetivo: Verificar as repercussões de fatores extrínsecos no desempenho motor fino de crianças de dois anos. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 73 crianças de creches públicas e 21 de creches particulares. O ambiente da creche foi avaliado com a escala Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised Edition (ITERS-R), o desempenho motor fino pela escala Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - III (BSITD-III), dados socioeconômicos, escolaridade materna e tempo de ingresso na creche foram colhidos por meio de entrevista. Foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação pelo teste de Spearmann para verificar a relação entre as variáveis avaliadas. Resultados: O tempo de creche apresentou correlação positiva com o desempenho das crianças em algumas tarefas de motricidade fina da BSITD-III, demonstrou que as atividades desenvolvidas nas creches foram importantes para o refinamento de habilidades motoras específicas, enquanto o desempenho motor fino geral pela escala estava relacionado com a escolaridade materna e com o subitem da escala ITERS-R “Linguagem e compreensão”. Conclusões: Fatores extrínsecos como maior escolaridade materna e qualidade de creches estão relacionados com o desempenho motor fino de crianças frequentadoras de creches.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Desarrollo Infantil , Destreza Motora , Guarderías InfantilesRESUMEN
Objective: Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD). Although the cognitive profile of these patients and its association with activities of daily living (ADLs) is well documented, few studies have assessed deficits in fine motor dexterity and their association with ADL performance. The objective of this research paper is to evaluate fine motor dexterity performance among MCI and AD patients and to investigate its association with different aspects of ADLs. Methods: We assessed normal aging controls, patients with multiple- and single-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI), and patients with mild AD. Fine motor dexterity was measured with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and cognitive functioning by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. We analyzed the data using general linear models. Results: Patients with AD or multiple-domain aMCI had slower motor responses when compared to controls. AD patients were slower than those with single-domain aMCI. We found associations between cognition and instrumental ADLs, and between fine motor dexterity and self-care ADLs. Conclusion: We observed progressive slowing of fine motor dexterity along the normal aging-MCI-AD spectrum, which was associated with autonomy in self-care ADLs.
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Humanos , Actividades Cotidianas/psicología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Destreza Motora/fisiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Autocuidado/psicología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Modelos Lineales , Estudios Transversales , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: caracterizar el desempeño motor grueso y fino y el estado nutricional en niños de cero a tres años de un Centro de Recuperación Nutricional (CRN) de Tunja. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en niños menores de 36 meses, hospitalizados en el CRN en el período comprendido entre enero y junio de 2011, se realizó la revisión de 46 historias clínicas y de los datos antropométricos del programa ANTHRO, sumado a la aplicación de la Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo (EAD). RESULTADOS : se evidenció asociación significativa entre motricidad gruesa, fina y la desnutrición aguda (p>0,05).Con los demás grados de desnutrición no se encontró relación (p>0,05). DISCUSION:el niño con desnutrición aguda tiene un desarrollo medio de la motricidad fina, los estados de desnutrición aguda son menos influyentes para el estado de desarrollo alerta en la motricidad fina que en la motricidad gruesa, sin embargo, es interesante el hallazgo concerniente al estado de desarrollo medio en las variables motricidad gruesa y fina donde el comportamiento es similar en torno al estado de desnutrición aguda con elevados porcentajes de compromiso.
OBJECTIVE:to characterize the gross and fine motor performance and nutritional status of children from nutritional rehabilitation center (nrc) of Tunja aged 0-3 years. METHODOLOGY: an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on children under 36 months who were hospitalized at the nrc between January and June 2011. A total of 46 medical records were reviewed. Likewise, the anthropometric data of the anthro program were analyzed, and the Abbreviated Development Scale (ade) was applied. RESULTS:a significant association was observed between motor dexterity (both gross and fine) and acute malnutrition (p 0.05). No association was found with other grades of malnutrition (p 0.05). DISCUSSION:children with acute malnutrition have a medium development of fine motor skills. Acute malnutrition states have less influence on the development of the alert status in fine motor dexterity than in that of gross motor dexterity. Despite this, the finding concerning the medium state of development for gross and fine motor dexterity is interesting because the behavior is similar for the state of acute malnutrition with high rates of damage.
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Introdução: Na idade escolar a escrita é uma das tarefas mais relevantes dentre as atividades motoras finas. Bom desempenho na escrita contribui para o rendimento escolar da criança. A prematuridade tem impacto no desenvolvimento motor, o que pode influenciar a escrita. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura e investigar se na idade escolar existem diferenças no desempenho na escrita entre crianças nascidas pretermo e a termo. Método: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas do Portal da Capes, nos idiomas inglês e português, no período de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2012. Os artigos foram selecionados de acordo com critérios de inclusão e analisados quanto à amostra, objetivos, testes utilizados e desfechos. Resultados: Seis artigos foram incluídos no estudo. Análise dos dados indica que crianças nascidas prematuramente apresentam pior desempenho da escrita e prejuízo nos mecanismos subjacentes responsáveis pela habilidade de escrever quando comparadas com crianças a termo. Conclusão: Crianças pretermo e sem alterações neurológicas evidentes têm risco aumentado para prejuízo no desenvolvimento da escrita na idade escolar. O número reduzido de estudos recentes encontrados sobre este tema indica a necessidade de novas pesquisas, além do desenvolvimento de recursos padronizados para avaliação motora e da escrita em crianças brasileiras
Introduction: At school age, handwriting is on of the most important tasks among the fine motor activities. Good handwriting performance contributes to the child´s school performance. As prematurity impacts on motor development, it may influence handwriting. Objective: To review the specific literature and investigate whether there are differences in handwriting performance at school age between children born preterm and full term. Method: A search was performed in the Capes electronic database, in English and Portuguese, comprising the time period between January 2000 and June 2012. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria; the sample, objectives, instruments utilized and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Six articles were included in the study. Data analysis indicates that children born prematurely present poorer handwriting performance and a handicap in the underlying handwriting mechanisms when compared with full term infants. Conclusion: Preterm children without obvious neurological impairment are at increased risk for problems in handwriting development at school age. The small number of recent studies on this topic indicates a need for further research, as well as the development of standardized resources for the motor and handwriting assessment of Brazilian children.