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Objective:To explore the effect of combined problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) on the teaching of skeletal motor system diseases for eight-year clinical medicine program students.Methods:The clinical eight-year medical students from Batch 2014 and 2015 participating in the teaching of "osteoarthritis" in the course of Skeletal Motor System Diseases in West China Clinical Medical College of Sichuan University were divided into control group (60 students) and experimental group (82 students). The control group was taught by LBL teaching method, while the experimental group was taught by PBL+LBL teaching method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to retrospectively analyze the teaching effects, including learning enthusiasm, knowledge understanding, thinking ability, teamwork ability, practical ability, self-learning ability and teacher-student relationship, as well as the evaluation of teaching satisfaction. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The survey results showed that students in the experimental group were significantly superior to those in the control group in such aspects as learning enthusiasm (8.00±1.61 vs. 7.28±1.98), knowledge understanding (8.02±1.59 vs. 7.33±1.79), thinking ability (8.34±1.66 vs. 7.42±1.90), teamwork ability (8.32±1.76 vs. 6.60±2.79), practical ability (7.70±1.69 vs. 6.87 ± 2.57), self-learning ability (8.05±1.65 vs. 7.35±2.48) and teacher-student relationship (7.96±1.75 vs. 7.25±2.10), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Meanwhile, the PBL+LBL group was more satisfied with the teaching mode than the LBL group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of PBL+LBL teaching method in clinical medicine eight-year program course teaching of "osteoarthritis" in Skeletal Motor System Diseases can effectively improve the learning enthusiasm of students, improve the quality of education, and obtain good teaching effect.
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Background:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a condition in which part of the brain becomes progressively damaged over many years. This study represents the pattern of Parkinson’s disease and help to identify various drugs which are being used at different health care levels in Bangladesh.Methods:Cross-sectional technique was applied as study design in this research work. We accessed the patients with formulated questionnaire of the Department of Neuroscience of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for data collection from January 2017 to August 2019.100 patients were selected in the ages between 25-80 years, among them 66were male and 34females.Results:A total number of 100 Parkinson’s disease patients (male 66%, female 34%) were recruited for this study. Genetic factor (56%) is the main cause of PD found in this study. Among various symptoms, the prominent symptoms were voice disorders (96%), slowness of movement (90%), mask-like face expression (86%), tremor (80%), sensory and sleep difficulties (78%), excessive sweating (60%) and insomnia (56%). It was observed that along with physiotherapy, drugs used to manage PD were levodopa (14%), carbamazepine (12%), quetiapine (12%), haloperidol (11%), pramipexole (10%), trihexyphenidyl HCl (10%), carbidopa (8%), amlodipine (8%)andclonazepam (8%).Conclusions:Disgrace exists in the personal life and social context of the PD patients which also unfavourably affects their psychosocial aspects of life. Our population-based data provide evidence for a protective effect of Parkinson’s disease in our country.
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Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease named after George Summer Huntington who first described the disorder in 1872. Huntington’s disease is associated with basal ganglia degeneration which is called as the controlling center of extra pyramidal motor system that exerts an inhibitory effect on cerebral motor cortex. This will filters the unwanted motor movements and so refines the motor movements. Degeneration of neurons of basal ganglia reduces the inhibitory output and so leads to Huntington’s disease. At present there is no cure for this disease and trials are going on to treat symptoms, slow the progress of the disease and repairing the damages caused by disease. So there is a necessity to produce an animal model of HD by using a neurotoxin kainic acid for research purpose. By this study we produced a simple and effective rat model of HD which is more mimicking the human model of HD. We also analyzed the role of the extract of a herbal plant Withania somnifera and its active principle withanolide A in preventing the nervous system of HD rat models. Results: The activity of the herbal drug was analyzed by using rotarod apparatus. Both the drug group animals behaved normally in the rotarod against the lesion control animals and proved the efficacy of the drug employed. Conclusion: Present days treatments are mostly given to reduce the progress of HD and to treat the symptoms. Complete curation of HD is not up to the mark. But by taking these herbal drugs by daily basis we can prevent the occurrence of HD as these drugs are very good in neuroprotection.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desenvolvimento das principais aquisições do primeiro ano de vida em crianças institucionalizadas e não institucionalizadas. Foram avaliadas 30 crianças institucionalizadas e 42 não institucionalizadas de ambos os sexos, sem histórico de alterações na vida pré, peri e pós-natal, matriculadas em creches ou frequentando instituições carentes e projetos sociais nas zonas sul e norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Após agrupar as crianças de acordo com a idade de 3 a 12 meses, foram avaliadas as principais aquisições posturais com a escala de desenvolvimento de Milani e Comparetti. Os resultados obtidos nas duas instituições foram comparados. A homogenidade da amostra foi analisada (Prova do Qui-quadrado). Os grupos mostraram-se homogêneos, exceto no quinto mês, quando os itens da escala relacionados com equilíbrio se mostraram alterados no grupo de crianças institucionalizadas. Conclui-se que existem diferenças no desenvolvimento entre os dois grupos, porém não significativas para as crianças institucionalizadas do estudo.
The aim of this study was to compare the development of the main postural acquisitions in the first year of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized children. Thirthy institutionalized and 42 non-institutionalized children of both sexes with no alterations in pre, peri and postnatal life were analyzed. The children attended daycares on a part-time or full-time basis, or belonged to social institutions (orphanages) or were receiving governmental assistance through social programs in the South or North region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They were grouped according to the age (3 to 12 months), and evaluated as to their main postural acquisitions with the development scale proposed by Milani and Comparetti. Results obtained in both groups were compared. The homogeneity of the sample was analyzed (Quisquare Test). Both of the groups revealed homogeneous, except in the fifth month when the items of the scale related to body balance were modified in the group of institutionalized children. There were differences between the two groups, but they were not significant for the development of the institutionalized children.