Important Signs in Musculoskeletal MRI.

The purpose of this article is to review the common MRI signs of musculoskeletal pathology. In this article, 15 classic MRI signs used in musculoskeletal radiology are presented and described. These signs include the anterior drawer sign, bone bruise sign, bow tie sign, celery stalk anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), cyclops lesion, deep lateral femoral notch sign, double line sign, double Oreo cookie sign, double posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign, fat-blood interface (FBI) sign, fragment in notch sign, split fat sign, T-sign, target sign, and yo-yo on a string sign. It is important to recognize common signs in musculoskeletal MRI and understand the underlying pathologies for accurate image interpretation.

Dynamic Ultrasonography in Musculoskeletal System: Upper Extremity

With technical advances, ultrasonography of musculoskeletal system has been an important imaging modality in variable disorders and has been popular. Real-time imaging and possible dynamic motion study are special advantages of ultrasonography, and particularly helpful in evaluation of tendon or ligament injury. The purpose of this article is to review the basic technique and disorders that dynamic ultrasonography is helpful or essential in diagnosis in upper extremity.

Dynamic Ultrasonography in Musculoskeletal System-Lower Extremity and Miscellaneous disorders

Performing dynamic ultrasonography in the lower extremity is not so popular as performing dynamic ultrasonography in the upper extremity. However, performing this modality is essential for some diseases and it is very helpful for various other disorders too. The purpose of this article is to describe the basic technique and disorders that dynamic ultrasonography is helpful for or essential for making a diagnosis in the lower extremity and for diagnosing other miscellaneous diseases as well. We also include a review of the relevant medical literature.