"Algo tão simples de viver e controlar, mas difícil de compartilhar e defender": HIV/Aids, segredos e socialidades em uma rede social on-line / "Something that is so simple to experience and control, yet difficult to share and defend": HIV/Aids, secrets and sociability in an on-line social network / "Algo tan sencillo de vivir y controlar, pero difícil de compartir y defender": VIH/Sida, secretos y socializaciones en una red social on-line

As recentes pesquisas socioantropológicas têm apontado o papel das redes sociais na internet na experiência de pessoas que vivem com adoecimentos de longa duração. Por 11 meses realizamos uma etnografia virtual entre pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids (PVHA) membros de um grupo virtual secreto no Facebook. Buscamos compreender as práticas de socialidade existentes entre os membros do grupo investigado nessa rede social. Por meio da observação e da análise das postagens e comentários, evidenciamos as práticas de acolhimento e ajuda mútua entre os membros do grupo. Discutimos, ainda, o caráter seletivo dessas práticas, uma vez que eram mediadas por julgamentos morais e pudores, próprios do pânico sexual e/ou moral que marcou o início da epidemia, o que desvelou continuidades entre mundo on-line e off-line.(AU)

Recent research in the field of social anthropology has highlighted the influence of social media on the experiences of people living with long-term illnesses. A virtual ethnography involving people living with HIV/Aids (PLHIV) who are members of a secret Facebook group was conducted over a period of 11 months. The study aimed to gain an insight into the social practices adopted by PLHIV through the observation and analysis of posts and comments. The results show that the members foster a welcoming attitude and mutual help. We also discuss the selective nature of these practices, which are measured by moral judgments and shame arising from the sexual and/or moral panic that marked the beginnings of the epidemic, unveiling continuities between the online and offline worlds.(AU)

Las recientes investigaciones socio-antropológicas han señalado el papel de las redes sociales en internet en la experiencia de personas que viven con enfermedades de larga duración. Durante 11 meses realizamos una etnografía virtual entre personas que viven con VIH/Sida (PVHA), miembros de un grupo virtual secreto en Facebook. En este trabajo tratamos de comprender las prácticas de socialización entre las PVHA miembros de un grupo secreto en una red social en internet. Por medio de la observación y del análisis de las publicaciones y comentarios colocamos en evidencia las prácticas de acogida y ayuda mutua entre los miembros del grupo. También discutimos el carácter selectivo de esas prácticas, puesto que eran mediadas por juicios morales y pudores, propios del pánico sexual y/o moral que marcó el inicio de la epidemia, lo que desveló continuidades entre el mundo on-line y off-line.(AU)

Effects of patient mutual help-oriented nursing model on social support and hope level in lung cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of patient mutual help-oriented nursing model on social support and hope level in lung cancer patients.Methods Totally 72 lung cancer patients were recruited into the study and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 36 patients in each group.The control group was given routine care,while the experimental group received additional patient mutual help-oriented nursing interventions:physically and psychologically well recovered patients were asked to give emotional communication and interaction to patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer,The Social Support Scale and Herth Hope Index were used for evaluation after the intervention.Results The patients' social support and hope level of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group after intervention.Conclusions Patient mutual help-oriented nursing model can improve social support and hope level of lung cancer.

La Asociación Alonso Quijano de Madrid: participación social en la salud mental / The Alonso Quijano of Madrid Association: social participation in mental health

Este artículo recoge las experiencias personales y asociativas con la Asociación Alonso Quijano de Madrid que he vivido desde el año 2002. La Asociación Alonso Quijano está inscrita en el registro de Asociaciones de la Comunidad de Madrid, se fundó en el año 1999. La Asociación Alonso Quijano es una Asociación para acompañar, apoyar y reflexionar en la experiencia de la locura. Desde su fundación el rol que asumen los participantes es el de ciudadanos con los mismos derechos y obligaciones y sin poner etiquetas. Es una asociación donde la participación de las personas con problemas de salud mental es muy relevante.

This article, brings together, the individual and collective experiences that I had the opportunity to experience with the Alonso Quijano of Madrid Association since 2002. The Alonso Quijano Association is registered in the Official Association Register of the Madrid Local Government,and was established in 1999. Alonso Quijano Association is an association to monitor, support and reflect on the experience of madness. Since its origins, the members asume the rol of citizens with the same rights and obligations without labelling anybody. It is an association where the involvement of people with mental health problems is very important.

O cotidiano de usuários de CAPS: empoderamento ou captura / The daily life of users of CAPS: empowerment or capture

A reforma psiquiátrica tem investido na criação de serviços e qualificação técnica. Consideramos que a atenção técnica/especializada tem limitações para atender diversas demandas dos usuários e muitas formas de cuidado podem ser produzidas entre os mesmos. Este artigo discute a ajuda mútua e o empoderamento entre usuários de CAPS na perspectiva de ressaltar essa dimensão instituinte da reforma. Fazendo uso da entrevista e da observação participante percebemos que o modo de funcionamento e a gestão dos CAPS, bem como a concepção terapêutico-clínica da equipe, tendem a barrar as possibilidades de ajuda mútua entre os usuários, dificultando o empoderamento dos mesmos.

The psychiatrist reform has invested in service creation and the qualification of the technicians. We believe that attention specialist has limitations to meet various demands of users and many forms of care can be produced among the users. This article discusses the mutual aid and empowerment among users of CAPS investing in this dimension of instituting reform. Making use of mapping and participant observations, we see that the mode of operation and management of CAPS, and the design of therapeutic and clinical technical team, they tend to spread the opportunities for mutual support among users, making the empowerment of those.

Grupos de Ayuda Mutua: Estrategia para el control de diabetes e hipertensión arterial / Mutual Help Groups: Diabetes and Hypertension Control Strategy

Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de personas que asisten a los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua (GAM) de la Secretaría de Salud de México (SS), por padecer diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo realizado en 15 estados de la república mexicana, a través de los reportes del cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de integrantes de los GAM para junio de 2001, que se comparan con las cifras reportadas por el Sistema de Información en Salud para Población Abierta (SISPA) de la Secretaría de Salud en la misma fecha. Las variables estudiadas son: edad, sexo, glucemia, presión arterial, índice de masa corporal, actividad física y tratamiento farmacológico. Resultados: Se evaluó el cumplimiento de las metas básicas de tratamiento de 6,958 personas con diabetes, que asisten a los GAM de la Secretaría de Salud (SS) en 15 de los 32 estados de la república mexicana incluido el Distrito Federal. Al comparar las frecuencias de diabéticos controlados en los GAM y el SISPA, se apreció un diferencial, observándose una tendencia a estar más controlados en los GAM; al analizar con la prueba "t" de Student las diferencias resultaron significativas, con p < 0.005. El grupo de diabéticos obesos tuvieron un riesgo mayor de estar descontrolados, en relación al grupo de diabéticos no obesos, con una razón de momios de 1.18, IC 1.06 - 1.32 y P < 0.002. Al comparar el grupo sedentario con el no sedentario se encontró que los diabéticos sedentarios presentaban 1.56 veces más riesgo de estar descontrolados que el grupo de diabéticos que realizaba actividad física, por una razón de productos cruzados de 1.56, con IC 1.37 - 1.78 y P < 0.001. Conclusiones: Los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua son una estrategia fundamental en la línea educativa para mejorar el control de la enfermedad, ya que las personas con diabetes o hipertensión y sus familiares juegan un papel activo en el cumplimiento del desarrollo del tratamiento, así como en la prevención y control de la enfermedad. A diferencia con lo reportado en el SISPA, en los GAM se logran beneficios mayores en el control de las personas con diabetes o hipertensión.

Objective: To evaluate the accomplishment of the treatment basic goals of every person with diabetes type 2 that attend the Mutual Help Groups (GAM) of the Mexican Ministry of Health (SS). Material and methods: This transversal comparative study was carried out in 15 Mexican states, through the accomplishment reports of the treatment basic goals of the GAM integrants by June of 2001, compared to the reported figures by the Health Information System for Open Population (SISPA), Ministry of Health on the same date. The studied variables are: age, sex, blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity and pharmacological treatment. Results: The treatment basic goals accomplishment for 6, 958 people with diabetes was evaluated, all of them attended the Ministry of Health GAMs, in 15 of the 32 Mexican states including the Federal District. When comparing frequencies of patients with diabetes controlled by the GAM and the SISPA, a differential was appreciated, being observed a tendency that showed that people in the GAM were much more controlled; when analyzing with the test Student "t" the differences were even more significant (p < 0.005). The obese diabetics group had a higher risk of being uncontrolled, in relation to the group of non-obese diabetics (OR 1.8, CI: 1.06,1.32; p < 0.002). When comparing the sedentary to the non-sedentary group it was found that the sedentary diabetics presented 1.56 times higher risk of being uncontrolled, that those in the diabetes group that carried out physical activity (CI: 1.37,1.78; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The Mutual Help Groups are a fundamental strategy in the educational line for improving the disease control, since people with diabetes or hypertension and their relatives play an active role in treatment development accomplishment, as well as in the disease prevention and control. Unlike to that reported in the SISPA, the highest benefits of control, are achieved in people with diabetes or hypertension who attend the GAM.