Benefícios do uso da monensina sódica na nutrição de cordeiros semi-confinados / Benefits of using sodium monensin in nutrition of semi-confined lambs

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da monensina sódica no controle de coccídeos do gênero Eimeria, no ganho de peso, no consumo de matéria seca e no crescimento de cordeiros semi-confinados. Dezenove cordeiros, sendo oito machos (15,4 kg) e onze fêmeas (15,7 kg), ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em um grupo tratado e outro controle. Os cordeiros foram pesados no início do experimento e quinzenalmente até atingirem 25 kg de peso vivo. Coletas de fezes, para a contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes, foram realizadas semanalmente e biometrias, quinzenalmente. Para estimativa do consumo de matéria seca, foram feitos registros diários, por baia, da oferta e das sobras da dieta. A utilização da monensina sódica, na dose de 45 ppm, se mostrou eficaz na redução de oocistos de Eimeria spp. presentes nas fezes, controlando, assim, a incidência da coccidiose. O uso de monensina na dieta promoveu redução de consumo absoluto de matéria seca na dieta total dos cordeiros, entretanto não interferiu no ganho de peso, na maioria das variáveis indicativas de crescimento e no consumo de matéria seca em relação ao peso vivo.

The aim of this paper was to analyze the monensin sodium effect in controling coccidia of the genus Eimeria, weight gain, dry matter intake and growth of semi-confined lambs. Nineteen lambs, eight males (15.4 kg) and eleven females (15.7 kg), ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Ines were randomly allocated in two groups: one who received monensin and a control group. Sheep were weighted at the beginning of the experiment and fortnightly until they reach 25 kg of liveweight. Fecal samples for counting oocysts per gram of feces were collected weekly and biometric measurements were performed fortnightly. For dry matter intake estimating, notes of supply and leftovers from the diet, per stall, were made daily. The use of monensin sodium, at a dosage of 45 ppm, was effective in reducing Eimeria spp. oocysts present in the feces, controlling, this way, the incidence of coccidiosis. The use of monensin in feed promoted reduction in absolute dry matter intake in the full diet of lambs, however had no effect on weight gain, most of indicatives variables of growth and in dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight.

Digestibilidade dos nutrientes do bagaço de mandioca em dietas de novilhas leiteiras / Digestibility of nutrients of cassava bagasse in diets of milk heifers

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de quatro proporções, 0, 7, 14 e 21 por cento, de bagaço de mandioca na digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em 20 novilhas leiteiras, ¾Gir x »Holandês, com peso corporal médio inicial de 180kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e receberam dietas compostas por silagem de sorgo como volumoso. Avaliaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) aparente de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e determinaram-se os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) das dietas. Os CD de MS, MO, PB e FDA não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Os CD do EE foram de 80,9; 73,2; 74,7 e 68,3 por cento; da FDN de 55,0; 48,3; 49,1 e 37,4 por cento e do CNF de 87,9; 89,5; 84,6 e 83,1 por cento para as proporções de 0, 7, 14 e 21 por cento, respectivamente. O teor de NDT das dietas teve redução linear quando se elevou a proporção de bagaço na dieta, apresentando valores de 68,0; 66,2; 67,0 e 62,5 por cento para os tratamentos com 0, 7, 14 e 21 por cento, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca na dieta de novilhas leiteiras em até 14 por cento.

The inclusion of 0, 7, 14, and 21 percent of cassava bagasse was evaluated on apparent digestibility of nutrients in dairy heifers. Twenty ¾Gir x »Holstein dairy heifers averaging 180kg initial mean body were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design and received diets composed by sorghum silage as roughage. The apparent digestibility coefficients (DC) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were evaluated and total digestible nutrients of diets (TDN), were determined. DM, OM, CP, and ADF digestibility coefficients were not affected by treatments. DC of the EE were 80.9, 73.2, 74.7, and 68.3 percent; for NDF 55.0, 48.3, 49.1, and 37.4 percent and for NFC of the 87.9, 89.5, 84.6, and 83.1 percent for 0, 7, 14, and 21 percent treatments, respectively. TDN content had linear reduction as diet cassava bagasse level increased, showing values of 68.0, 66.2, 67.0, and 62.5 percent for 0, 7, 14, and 21 percent treatments, respectively. It is recommended the inclusion of cassava bagasse for dairy heifers diet until 14 percent.

Study of Adult Stroke Patients and Improvement in Activities of Daily Living from Time of Stroke to Two Months Thereafter

BACKGROUNDS: A stroke is a disease of the nervous system which is accompanied by important chronic disabilities and emotional disorders. These disabilities causes loss of sensation(diminished basic movement). METHODS: Sensation rehabilitation therapy through Activities of Daily Living(ADL) Training is necessary. Reports show that patients who receive occupational therapy in the early stages have an extremely high rate of recovery in the early stages. It is important for a occupational therapist to provide continued reha- bilitative treatment to, enable the patient to accomplish Activities of Daily Living Training independently by treating everything from sustaining posture in bed to normal movement and improvement in sensory perception. occupational therapy refers to the `use of self` of a occupational therapist to help the patient overcome difficulties and increase abilities of the patients by applying knowledge, skill, care and basic patient merits. RESULTS: A occupational therapist must have the basic knowledge, self-confidence and individual skills for a systematic program of therapy in order to be able to communicate with the patient and increase the effectiveness of the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study showed that therapy for patients who received therapy soon after diagnosis of stroke showed to be greatly effective. A deeper study must be done in order to increase effectiveness of occupational therapy methods such as the NDT(treatment to improve normal movement sensation) and SI method(treatment to increase sensitivity of perceptive movement and to give the ability to position objects according to shape and location).