Mechanism of Mongolian drug Naru-3 in initiation of neuroinflammation of neuropathic pain from MMP9/IL-1β signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

Neuropathic pain(NP) has similar phenotypes but different sequential neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the pathological process. It is of great significance to inhibit the initiation of neuroinflammation, which has become a new direction of NP treatment and drug development in recent years. Mongolian drug Naru-3 is clinically effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, sciatica, and other NPs in a short time, but its pharmacodynamic characteristics and mechanism of analgesia are still unclear. In this study, a spinal nerve ligation(SNL) model simulating clinical peripheral nerve injury was established and the efficacy and mechanism of Naru-3 in the treatment of NPs was discussed by means of behavioral detection, side effect evaluation, network analysis, and experimental verification. Pharmacodynamic results showed that Naru-3 increased the basic pain sensitivity threshold(mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal radiation hyperalgesia) in the initiation of SNL in animals and relieved spontaneous pain, however, there was no significant effect on the basic pain sensitivity threshold and motor coordination function of normal animals under physiological and pathological conditions. Meanwhile, the results of primary screening of target tissues showed that Naru-3 inhibited the second phase of injury-induced nociceptive response of formalin test in mice and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal cord. Network analysis discovered that Naru-3 had synergy in the treatment of NP, and its mechanism was associated with core targets such as matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). The experiment further took the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) and the stage of patho-logical spinal cord as the research objects, focusing on the core targets of inducing microglial neuroinflammation. By means of Western blot, immunofluorescence, agonists, antagonists, behavior, etc., the mechanism of Naru-3 in exerting NP analgesia may be related to the negative regulation of the MMP9/IL-1β signaling pathway-mediated microglia p38/IL-1β inflammatory loop in the activation phase. The relevant research enriches the biological connotation of Naru-3 in the treatment of NP and provides references for clinical rational drug use.

Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology of Mongolian Medicine Naru- 3 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optim ize ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3. METHODS ：The L 9（34） orthogonal design was used to optimize ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3 with solid-liquid ratio ，ethanol volume fraction and extraction time as factors ，using comprehensive scores for the contents of benzoylaconitine ，benzoylneoaconitine， benzoylhypoaconitine，aconitine，neoaconitine，hypoaconitine，piperine and gallic acid as indexes. RESULTS ：The optimal ethanol extraction technology was that solid-liquid ratio of 1∶10（g/mL），ethanol volume fraction of 75％，extracting for 1.5 h. After 3 times of validation tests ，average contents of above 8 components in ethanol extract from Naru- 3 were 1.69，1.48，14.69，0.28， 0.05，0.08，26.01，17.33 mg/g（RSDs were 0-4.96％，n＝3），respectively. Average comprehensive score was 19.03（RSD＝1.42％， n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimal ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3 is stable and feasible.

Effects of Mongolian medicine Naru-3 on apoptosis of spinal cord injury model rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To observe the effect of the Mongolian medicine on the apoptosis after spinal cord injury.@*Methods@#A total of 12 rats were divided into the sham group, the model group, and the like-3 treatment groups (Naru-3 group), 4 in each group. A rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was established by modified Allen's method. After 72 h, we sacrificed the rats, separated spinal cord cells, which were filled with 5×105 shop in every hole, training for subsequent testing after 24 h. The relative expression of caspase-3 was detected by RT-QPCR and western blot, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.@*Results@#Compared to the model group, the expression of caspase-3 mRNA (2.177 ± 0.084 vs. 3.287 ± 0.098) and caspase-3 protine (1.063 ± 0.157 vs. 2.180 ± 0.147) in the Naru-3 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate (11.400% ± 0.953% vs. 14.260% ± 1.105%) of the spinal cord in the Naru-3 group significantly decreased (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The Naru-3 solution can reduce the rate of spinal cord cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury, its mechanism may be related to the suppressed caspase-3 protein expression.

Effects of Mongolian medicine Naru-3 on apoptosis of spinal cord injury model rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the effect of the Mongolian medicine on the apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Methods A total of 12 rats were divided into the sham group, the model group, and the like-3 treatment groups (Naru-3 group), 4 in each group. A rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was established by modified Allen's method. After 72 h, we sacrificed the rats, separated spinal cord cells, which were filled with 5×105 shop in every hole, training for subsequent testing after 24 h. The relative expression of caspase-3 was detected by RT-QPCR and western blot, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Compared to the model group, the expression of caspase-3 mRNA (2.177 ± 0.084 vs. 3.287 ± 0.098) and caspase-3 protine (1.063 ± 0.157 vs. 2.180 ± 0.147) in the Naru-3 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate (11.400% ± 0.953% vs. 14.260% ± 1.105%) of the spinal cord in the Naru-3 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions The Naru-3 solution can reduce the rate of spinal cord cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury, its mechanism may be related to the suppressed caspase-3 protein expression.

Inhibition of Mongolian medicine naru-3 on the apoptosis of the mouse hepatic cells induced by radiation / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of Mongolian medicine naru-3 on the apoptosis of mouse hepatic cells induced by radiation. Methods Kunming mice were radiated with 60Coγ-irradiation, the 30-day survival rate of mice and the average life span of dead mice post-irradiation were observed. The apoptosis of hepatic cells from irradiatied mice was detected by FACS and TUNEA expression level of p53 was examined. Results Administration of the medicine resulted in increase of 30-day survival rate and prolongation of average life span of the dead mice. The apoptosis rate of spleen cells from mice treated with Mongolian medicine naru-3 decreased significantly and the ex pression level of p53 was also inhibited significantly. Conclusion The results indicated that Mongolian medicine naru-3 had radio protective function and its mechanism might be related to the suppression of apoptosis of radiationsensitive cells.

Study on Quality Standard of Naru-3 Cataplasm / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish the quality standard of Naru-3 Cataplasm. Method The contents of Radix aconiti kusnezoffii were determined by UV-vis, and meaconitine was determined by HPLC. Results The linear range of meaconitine was 0.129 5～2.074 0 ?g. The quality standard of Naru-3 Cataplasm was established. Conclusion The method can be used for quality control of Naru-3 Cataplasm.