RESUMEN
RESUMEN Fundamento: las enfermedades neurológicas son una de las principales causas de muerte e invalidez en todo el mundo. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos relacionados con la mortalidad por enfermedades neurológicas agudas no traumáticas en pacientes graves. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, del 1ro de enero al 31 de diciembre 2019. El universo estuvo representado por 130 pacientes y la muestra fue de 114. Se empleó el porcentaje, suma, el chi cuadrado y el Odd Radio para identificar los factores de riesgo, con un IC de 95 %. Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 50-59 años del sexo masculino con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica, aunque el mayor porcentaje de fallecidos fue por enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorrágica. Los pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico tuvieron relación con la mortalidad, con discreto predominio de la cirugía urgente. Alrededor de la mitad de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica y fue un factor pronóstico de mortalidad. Predominó la desnutrición y la obesidad. Las arritmias cardíacas, necesidad de apoyo de aminas vasoactivas, estadía promedio mayor de 14 días y las complicaciones fueron factores de pronóstico de mortalidad. Igual, el índice leucoglicémico mayor de 0,75 y APACHE II inicial mayor de 15 puntos. Predominó la puntuación Glasgow por encima de ocho puntos. Conclusiones: los factores pronósticos relacionados con la mortalidad por enfermedades neurológicas agudas no traumáticas en pacientes graves fueron la presencia de arritmias cardíacas, necesidad de ventilación mecánica y de apoyo de aminas vasoactivas tratamiento quirúrgico, índice leucoglicémico mayor de 0,75 puntos, puntuación APACHE II inicial mayor de 15 puntos y la presencia de complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Background: neurological diseases are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Objective: to identify prognostic factors related to mortality from acute non-traumatic neurological diseases in seriously ill patients. Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Universe was constituted of 130 patients and the sample was 114. Percentage, sum, chi-square and Odd Radio were used to identify risk factors, with an IC of 95 %. Results: the age group of 50-59 years prevailed, male with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, although the highest percentage of deaths was due to hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. Patients with surgical treatment were related to mortality, with a slight predominance of urgent surgery. About half of the patients required mechanical ventilation and it was a prognostic factor for mortality. Malnutrition and obesity predominated. Cardiac arrhythmias, need for vasoactive amine support, average length of stay greater than 14 days and complications were prognostic factors for mortality. Likewise, the leukoglycemic index greater than 0.75 and the initial APACHE II was greater than 15 points. The Glasgow score was above 8 points. Conclusions: the prognostic factors related to mortality from acute non-traumatic neurological diseases in severe patients were the presence of cardiac arrhythmias, need for mechanical ventilation and support for vasoactive amines, surgical treatment, leukoglycemic index greater than 0.75 points, initial APACHE II score greater than 15 points and the presence of complications.
RESUMEN
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disease, characterized by increased intracranial pressure and papilledema, and often associated with headache, transient loss of vision and pulsatile tinnitus. IIH typically occurs in women of childbearing age. Over 90.0% of patients are with obesity or over weighted. Loss of sensory visual function is the major morbidity associated with IIH and some patients even develop into blindness. Most patients will have varied degrees of visual impairment, or even a few become blind. Frisén grading system, visual field examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be used to evaluate and monitor the IIH papilledema functionally and morphologically. In recent years, IIH treatment trials in other countries confirmed that, weight loss and low-salt diet combined with acetazolamide treatment has a clear improvement for IIH patients with mild visual impairment. In-depth understanding of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and the main treatment has important clinical significance for IIH patients
RESUMEN
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disease, characterized by increased intracranial pressure and papilledema, and often associated with headache, transient loss of vision and pulsatile tinnitus. IIH typically occurs in women of childbearing age. Over 90.0% of patients are with obesity or over weighted. Loss of sensory visual function is the major morbidity associated with IIH and some patients even develop into blindness. Most patients will have varied degrees of visual impairment, or even a few become blind. Frisén grading system, visual field examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be used to evaluate and monitor the IIH papilledema functionally and morphologically. In recent years, IIH treatment trials in other countries confirmed that, weight loss and low-salt diet combined with acetazolamide treatment has a clear improvement for IIH patients with mild visual impairment. In-depth understanding of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and the main treatment has important clinical significance for IIH patients