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Background: The survival of asphyxiated neonates has significantly increased in recent years because of numerous advancements in contemporary neonatal intensive care. The most popular and easily repeatable imaging method for the neonatal brain, the neurosonogram can demonstrate the most common types of cerebral injury in preterms and term infants. This study aims to analyse the value of cranial ultrasonography as an investigative tool for birth asphyxia babies (>34 weeks) will be evaluated to learn the morphology of various cerebral lesions and to compare clinical findings with neurosonogram results.Methods: An observational study was conducted in 75 neonates (>34 weeks) admitted in Government Cuddalore medical college with birth asphyxia. A detailed history and clinical examination was carried out according to the designed proforma. All the babies in the study group were subjected to cranial ultrasound and the morphology of findings studied. CUS findings were correlated clinically.Results: Among babies with HIE stage I, 89.7% had normal Cranial Ultrasound Findings, and 10.3% had abnormal findings. 43.3% babies had abnormal Cranial ultrasound findings in HIE stage II, and 70% had abnormal findings in HIE stage 3.Conclusions: Cerebral oedema was the commonest neurosonogram finding in Asphyxiated babies and HIE 3 had the maximum abnormal findings in our study. Since there is a positive correlation between the severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and cranial ultrasound findings, USG cranium can be performed as a screening tool in all neonates with birth asphyxia in whom additional investigations could not be performed.
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Background: Neurosonography is an important test in the diagnosis of hemorrhage and other acquired and congenital brain pathologies of the newborn. Portability of the study, lack of need to transport baby to radiology services, and the wealth of diagnostic information available from a large open anterior fontanelle makes this study a highly challenging one. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of neurosonogram in diagnosing intracranial pathologies and to analyze the results of our study with the studies in the present literature. Materials and methods: Patients who were referred to Department of Radiology for neurosonogram in NRI Medical College in the period of December 2015 to October 2017. 62 neonates with age less than 28 days were included in the study. It was a descriptive observational study with no potential risk. Results: The present study included 62 babies of which (32) 52% were male and (30) 48% were female babies, of which majority of them are of age less than 1 week (66%) and preterm 58% (36). Most common indication for the scan was as a part preterm care (25.8%) and rest of them had respiratory distress, convulsions and birth asphyxia, shock, sepsis and jaundice. 52% of the babies had abnormal findings of which most common pathology was intraventricular/ germinal matrix hemorrhage of different grades accounting to 13(21%) babies. Others cases include 8(12%) hydrocephalus, 5(8%) periventricular leucomalacia changes, 8(13%) congenital anomalies, 2 (3%) had signs of infection (TORCH) and 2 miscellaneous cases. Conclusions: This study shows that neurosonogram is the best modality for non-invasive bedside imaging for cranial abnormalities in neonates. Despite the advances in multi-slice CT and MRI, NSG is the most commonly used first baseline modality, considering growing economic pressure, and low Sameera Allu, T. Rajeswara Rao, Akhila Sai Sree Cherukuri. Neurosonogram for cranial abnormalities of neonates. IAIM, 2019; 6(9): 1-6. Page 2 invasiveness as well as easy availability of US that can easily be repeated at any time. It has good sensitivity for picking up most of the common pathologies in a neonate brain.
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Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs, tissues, and cells undergo damage mediated by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes. SLE primarily occurs in young women in their twenties. The disease expression is greatly influenced by the combined effect of genetic, environmental, demographic and geographical factors. Genetic factor superimposed on certain environmental factors plays a very pivotal role in manifesting abnormal immunological response. There is a wide variation in the natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus among different ethnic and geographical groups. Severity ranges from a mild disease with rash and arthritis to a devastating illness with renal failure and central nervous system involvement. The purpose of this study is to delineate the clinical pattern and disease course in patients with SLE at our centre and to compare it with National data on lupus patients. Aim and objectives: To describe the clinical profile in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and to assess the disease activity of SLE with SLEDAI criteria in SLE patients. Materials and methods: This study was an observational study conducted in 50 patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus who were admitted in Department Of Medicine, Gandhi Hospital, Telangana during the period from January 2017 – June 2018. Aishwarya Sirikonda, Mrudula Kolli, M. Raja Rao, Shyamala Srujana. A study of clinical profile and assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. IAIM, 2019; 6(10): 22-27. Page 23 Results: The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 48 years with a mean of 26.52 years. Diagnosis was based on the SLICC criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. All the patients satisfied at least 4 criteria needed for diagnosis of SLE as per the recommendations. Conclusion:
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BACKGROUND: Compared with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior visualization of the fetal brain. It confirms and characterizes brain abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound, particularly in late pregnancy when acoustic windows are difficult or fetal position is inaccessible. Prior to July 2008, only two studies were attempted at our institution as local technical expertise was unavailable. Following collaboration with a neuroradiologist at an expert centre, images of sufficient quality for diagnosis were obtained. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to evaluate the initial experience with fetal brain MRI and its effects on patient counselling and management in a resource limited healthcare system. METHOD: In seven fetuses with abnormal ultrasound neuroimaging, fetal MRI was performed with T2- weighted single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) sequences using a 1.5T magnet (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging did not alter ultrasound diagnosis in two patients (28%); however, it changed the diagnosis in three (43%), provided additional information in one (14%) and changed management in two (28%) patients. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging availability further elucidated brain pathology, aided patient counselling, parental decision-making and multidisciplinary management.
ANTECEDENTES: A diferencia del ultrasonido, la imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) ofrece una visualización superior del cerebro fetal. Mediante ella, se hace posible confirmar y caracterizar las anormalidades detectadas por el ultrasonido prenatal, particularmente en la última etapa del embarazo, cuando las ventanas acústicas son difíciles, o la posición fetal es inaccesible. Antes del 2008 de julio, se intentaron sólo dos estudios en nuestra institución, ya que a nivel local no se disponía de conocimientos técnicos especializados. Tras la colaboración con un neuroradiólogo en un centro especializado, se obtuvieron imágenes de calidad suficiente para realizar el diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la experiencia inicial con el IRM del cerebro fetal y sus efectos en cuanto a brindar consejos y tratamiento a los pacientes en un sistema de atención a la salud con recursos limitados. MÉTODO: En siete fetos con neuroimágenes de ultrasonido anormales, se llevó a cabo un IRM fetal con secuencias potenciadas en T2 como single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE), usando un imán 1.5T (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTADOS: La imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) no alteró el diagnóstico del ultrasonido en dos pacientes (28%). Sin embargo, cambió el diagnóstico en tres (43%), dio información adicional en uno (14%), y cambió el tratamiento en dos (28%) pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: Poder contar con la imagen de resonancia magnética permitió dilucidar aún más la patología del cerebro, ayudar a dar consejos al paciente, tomar decisiones a los padres, y alcanzar un tratamiento multidisciplinario.