Variações culturais na socialização das emoções pelos pais: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Cultural variations in socialization of emotions by parents: An integrative literature review

Resumen. Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características teóricas e metodológicas, assim como os resultados de estudos empíricos, que abordaram a socialização parental da emoção em diversos grupos culturais não ocidentais. Método. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com um enfoque qualitativo. Resultados. Os resultados mostraram que as principais abordagens teóricas foram os enfoques ecológicos e o modelo heurístico da socialização das emoções. Quanto à metodologia, prevaleceram os estudos quantitativos com maior presença de mães. Os principais resultados salientam que existem variações na socialização da emoção em diversos aspectos, como no funcionamento das crianças, expressão emocional, reação às emoções das crianças, etnoteorias parentais, narrativa emocional e outros. São discutidas as implicações dessas descobertas para futuras pesquisas.

Abstract. Objective. This study aimed to identify the theoretical and methodological characteristics, as well as the results of empirical studies that addressed the parental socialization of emotions in different non-western cultural groups. Method. This required an integrative literature review with a qualitative focus. Results. The results showed that the main theoretical approaches were the ecological approaches and the heuristic model of the socialization of emotions. Regarding employed methodologies, quantitative studies with a greater presence of mothers prevailed. The main results point out that there are variations in the socializing emotions in several aspects such as the functioning of children, emotional expression, reaction to children's emotions, parental ethnotheories, emotional talk and others. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for future research.

Negative affect moderates the link between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating among psychiatric outpatients in a multi-ethnic Asian setting

INTRODUCTION@#Few studies have investigated the factors that affect the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating locally. Our study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of depression and anxiety levels on the body dissatisfaction-disordered eating link in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A total of 329 participants completed a set of questionnaires that included various scales pertaining to eating behaviours, body image, psychological distress and quality of life.@*RESULTS@#Participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia (47.4%), depression (46.8%) and substance use disorders (5.8%). Moderation analyses revealed that depression (F [9, 251] = 18.50, p < 0.001, R@*CONCLUSION@#Greater effort should be dedicated to the screening of disordered eating behaviours in psychiatric outpatients presenting with greater psychological distress.

Collective References and Identity Threat among Lebanese and Lebanese-Armenians in the Context of Continuous Intergroup Conflict / Referencias Colectivas y Amenazas a la Identidad entre Libaneses y Libaneses-Armenios en el Contexto de Conflicto Intergrupal Continuo

Abstract How people deal with adversity, in terms of threats to their social or ethnic identity has been extensively investigated. However, most studies have focused on samples (e.g. minority groups) from prototypical Western contexts. It is unclear how individuals perceive and deal with identity threats within non-Western plural contexts characterized by intergroup conflict. We therefore assess whether self-affirmation by recalling a past success can buffer against identity threat in the plural, non-Western context of Lebanon. In two studies we investigate how threats are negotiated at a national (Lebanon) (Study 1) and ethnic minority (Armenian) level (Study 2). In Study 1, we show that in a context characterized by a history of intergroup conflict, a superordinate national identity is non-salient. When investigating the content of memories of a sectarian group in Study 2, we find a hypersalient and chronically accessible ethnic identity, a pattern specific to Armenian Lebanese. We suggest that this hyper-salience is employed as a spontaneous identity management strategy by a minority group coping with constant continuity threat. Our findings point to the importance of expanding the study of identity processes beyond the typically Western contexts and in turn, situating them within their larger socio-political and historical contexts.

Resumen Ha sido ampliamente investigado el cómo luchan las personas con la adversidad, en términos de amenazas a su identidad social o étnica. Sin embargo, muchos estudios se han enfocado en muestras prototípicas de contextos Occidentales (p.ej. grupos minoritarios). Es poco claro cómo los individuos perciben y luchan con amenazas a su identidad dentro de contextos plurales no-occidentales caracterizados por el conflicto intergrupal. Por ello, evaluamos si la auto-afirmación a través del recuerdo de un hecho pasado puede mediar en contra de la amenaza a la identidad en el contexto plural, no-occidental de Líbano. A través de dos estudios investigamos cómo las amenazas son negociadas a nivel nacional (Líbano) (Estudio 1) y a nivel de una minoría étnica (Armenia) (Estudio 2). En el estudio 1 se muestra que, en un contexto caracterizado por la historia de conflicto intergrupal, una identidad nacional superordinada es no-saliente. Cuando se investigó el contenido de las memorias de un sector del grupo en el estudio 2, se encontraron identidades étnicas híper-salientes y crónicamente accesibles, un patrón específico a los Libaneses-Armenios. Se sugiere que esta híper-saliencia sea empleada como una estrategia de manejo de identidad espontánea por un grupo minoritario que se enfrenta a una amenaza continua y constante. Los hallazgos señalan la importancia de ampliar el estudio de los procesos de identidad más allá de los contextos típicos Occidentales, y a su vez, situarlos dentro de contextos sociopolíticos e históricos más grandes.