Analysis of influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior and motivation in adult patients with depression / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior and motivation in adult patients with depression.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 120 adult patients with depression admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 as the research objects.The clinical information of the patients was collected,and their loneliness,frustration and self-injury motivation were evaluated.The influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behavior and motivation were statistically analyzed.Results Age,ULS-8 score,DS score,marital status and employment status were the influencing factors of NSSI in adult patients with depression(P<0.05).ULS-8 score,DS score,marital status(widowed/divorced)and employment status were independent risk factors for NSSI in adult patients with depression(P<0.05).The ULS-8 score was an independent risk factor for patients with'emotion regulation'as NSSI motivation.Age,DS score and employment(unemployment)were independent risk factors for patients with'interpersonal boundary'as NSSI moti-vation(P<0.05).Conclusion There are many influencing factors of NSSI and NSSI motivation in adult depres-sion patients,and the influencing factors of different NSSI motivations are different.Clinically,the main motivation and related influencing factors of patients implementing NSSI should be clarified through detailed investigation,so as to facilitate the development of targeted intervention strategies for patients.

Relationship between psychological quality and non-suicidal self-injury behavior in middle school students： path analysis of coping style / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior is highly prevalent in middle school students， which poses a significant risk to the physical and mental health of middle school students， so finding ways to improve the NSSI behavior among middle school students is of great significance for promoting their healthy growth. ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between psychological quality and NSSI behavior among middle school students in western Anhui， and to examine the pathway of coping style in the above relationship. MethodsFrom November to December 2020， 22 872 middle school students in western Anhui were selected using stratified cluster random sampling method， and were subjected to complete the assessment of Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire （ANSAQ）， Adolescent's Psychological Suzhi Scale-Simplified Version （APSS-SV） and Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS）. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation among scores of scales and the frequency of NSSI behavior in middle school students. Amos 23.0 was utilized to test the pathway of coping style in the relationship between psychological quality and NSSI behavior. ResultsA total of 21 718 （94.95%） middle school students completed the effective questionnaire survey. NSSI behavior was detected in 7 798 middle school students （35.91%）. ANSAQ total score and CSSMSS positive coping style score of middle school students were negatively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behavior （r=-0.219， -0.179， P<0.01）. CSSMSS negative coping style score was positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI behavior （r=0.093， P<0.01）. The direct effect value of psychological quality on the frequency of NSSI behavior was -0.136， and the indirect effect value of coping style on the relationship between psychological quality and the frequency of NSSI behavior was -0.084. Among them， the effect value of positive coping style was -0.122， accounting for 55.45% of the total effect， while the effect value of negative coping style was 0.038， accounting for 17.27% of the total effect. ConclusionCoping style may mediate the relationship between psychological quality and NSSI behavior in middle school students， and the positive coping style and negative coping style play separate roles in the pathway of psychological quality on NSSI behavior.［Funded by 2020 Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department （number， KJ2020B006）］

Effects of broken window effect and narrative nursing intervention on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury / 预防医学

Objective@# To evaluate the intervention effectiveness of broken window effect combined with narrative nursing on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, so as to provide the basis for NSSI prevention in adolescents.@*Methods@#Totally 134 adolescents with NSSI admitted to Mental Health Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui West Health Vocational College from January 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control and treatment group. All were given narrative nursing and routine care, and the adolescents in the treatment group were given additional intervention based on broken window effect. The effects were evaluated using Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS), Ottawa Self-injury Inventory-Functions (OSI-F) and Nursing Satisfaction Scale, and the two groups were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#The treatment and control groups comprised 67 cases each, had a median age of 14.12 (interquartile range, 2.01) years and 14.10 (interquartile range, 1.52) years, included 71.64% and 68.66% girls, and 79.10% and 74.63% junior high school students, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups in terms of gender, age or educational level (all P>0.05). The results of analysis of variance for repeated measures showed that there were interactions between time and group for SDS, HAMD and SIOSS scores (all P<0.05), and the decrease in scores before and after intervention was greater in the treatment group than in the control group. After intervention, the SDS, HAMD, SIOSS score and incidence of suicidal behaviors in the treatment group were all lower than the control group [SDS: (32.54±1.27) vs. (44.25±2.23); HAMD: (10.54±1.83) vs. (18.73±1.89); SIOSS: (10.37±2.20) vs. (15.76±1.62); incidence of suicidal behavior: 14.93% vs. 32.84%; all P<0.05]. The nursing satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (98.51% vs. 88.06%, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The broken window effect combined with narrative nursing would improve the depressive symptoms in adolescents with NSSI, and reduce the suicidal ideation and self injury.

Autolesiones no suicidas en estudiantes de medicina: frecuencia y factores asociados

Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.

Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.

Autolesión no suicida en población general: frecuencia y factores asociados en Paraguay

Introducción: La investigación sobre la autolesión no suicida permite aumentar la conciencia sobre este fenómeno, posibilita su detección temprana y la implementación de estrategias más eficaces en prevención y tratamiento. Esto conlleva a una reducción del sufrimiento individual, los costos económicos y el impacto en la sociedad en su totalidad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados a autolesión no suicida en una muestra de población adulta de Paraguay. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de asociación cruzada, de corte transversal y prospectivo. Una encuesta en línea fue difundida a través de redes sociales y aplicaciones de mensajería. Esta incluía preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. La presencia de autolesiones se determinó a través de la versión en español de la escala Self-Harm Questionnaire. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para todas las variables. Para buscar asociaciones se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: Participaron 241 personas (media de edad=32±12 años, 74,7% mujeres). Se encontró una frecuencia de autolesiones de 24,5% (n=59). De estos, el 91,5% había tenido ideación suicida al menos una vez. Se encontró asociación entre el nivel de ingresos y la frecuencia de autolesiones (χ

Introduction: Research on non-suicidal self-injury raises awareness of this phenomenon, enabling the early detection and implementation of more effective strategies in prevention and treatment. This leads to a reduction in individual suffering, economic costs, and impact on society. Objective: To determine the frequency and associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury in a sample of the adult population of Paraguay. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study. An online survey was disseminated through social networks and messaging applications. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and clinical data. The presence of self-injury was determined by using the Spanish version of the Self-Harm Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for all the variables. The chi-square test was used to examine associations. Results: There were 241 participants (mean age=32±12 years, 74.7%female). A non-suicidal self-injury frequency of 24.5% (n=59) was observed. Of these, 91.5% reported suicidal ideation at least once. An association was found between income level and the frequency of non-suicidal self-injury (χ

Autolesiones no suicidas en estudiantes de medicina: frecuencia y factores asociados / Non-suicidal Self-injury in Medical Students: Frequency and Associated Factors

Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.

Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.

Analysis of characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury in 120 adolescents / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior， and to enable clinicians to further understand adolescents with NSSI behavior， so as to make better clinical diagnosis and intervention. MethodsFrom July 2022 to June 2023， 120 adolescent patients with NSSI behavior were selected from the outpatient department of our hospital by convenience sampling， and the general demographic data were collected by self-made general situation questionnaire. The characteristics and motivation of NSSI among adolescents with NSSI were analyzed by using the NSSI questionnaire and Ottawa self-injury inventory （OSI）. ResultsThe average age of the first NSSI in the adolescents was 12.90±1.233， and the most common was 13 years old. The most common site of NSSI was the lower arm or wrist （58.33%）， followed by the hand （27.5%）. The most commonly used NSSI was "intentionally cutting oneself" （68.33%）； The most common motivation for NSSI is emotional regulation. ConclusionThere are significant differences in gender among adolescents with NSSI behavior. The age of first NSSI is concentrated， and the highest incidence is in the 11‒14 years old. The common way of self-injury is cutting. NSSI is usually associated with the intention to relieve suffering and is characterized by high frequency， using variety of methods， and low mortality. Adolescents with NSSI often choose to implement NSSI with emotion regulation as the main function， including external emotion regulation and internal emotion regulation.

Establishment and verification of a diagnostic prediction model for non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo establish a diagnostic prediction model for non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder， in order to provide references for early identification of NSSI behaviors in them. MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of adolescents with depressive disorder （n=366） who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from January 1 to December 31， 2021. According to the Diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria for NSSI， the patients were divided into comorbid NSSI group （n=289） and non-NSSI group （n=77）. The selected adolescents were randomly divided into a training set （n=258） and a verification set （n=108） in a 7∶3 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder， which served as the basis for prediction model. Finally， the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was established and the area under curve （AUC） was calculated to evaluate the discrimination in the training set and validation set. Calibration curve was applied to evaluate the calibration degree of the model. The Homser-Lemeshow （HL） test was conducted to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model. And decision curve analysis （DCA） was performed to evaluate the clinical benefit of the model. ResultsGender （β=1.734， OR=5.561， 95% CI： 2.678~11.964）， education level （β=0.864， OR=2.737， 95% CI： 1.174~4.795）， history of suicide attempts （β=0.932， OR=2.539， 95% CI： 1.253~5.144）， being an only child （β=0.745， OR=2.106， 95% CI： 1.029~4.311） and depression severity （β=0.056， OR=1.058， 95% CI： 1.025~1.092） were independent risk factors related to NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder （P<0.05 or 0.01）. The AUC was 0.808 （95% CI： 0.746~0.870） in the training set， and was 0.722 （95% CI： 0.581~0.864） in the validation set. The prediction model showed good calibration with the HL test （P=0.561）. ConclusionGender， education level， suicide attempt history， being an only child and depression severity are independent risk factors for NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder， furthermore， the diagnostic clinical prediction model constructed using above factors for NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder has displayed good sensitivity and specificity.

Research status of non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper is to review the research status on non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） in children and adolescents， so as to provide references for the cognition and intervention of NSSI behavior in children and adolescents. NSSI behavior is an independent risk factor for suicide， which not only poses a serious threat to the mental health of children and adolescents， but also brings a great burden on families and society. This paper focuses on the epidemiology， etiology， relationship with other psychiatric disorders， and treatment of NSSI behaviors in children and adolescents.

Childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury in college students: chain mediating effects of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of childhood trauma on non-suicidal self-injury and the chain mediating effect of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance.Methods:From June 2021 to April 2022, totally 1 130 college students were investigated with childhood trauma questionnaire-short form(CTQ-SF), the tendency to expect rejection scale, acceptance and action questionnaire-2nd edition(AAQ-Ⅱ) and Ottwa self-injury inventory(OSI). SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.0 software were used for descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, structural equation model construction and Bootstrap mediation effect test.Results:Correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma (34.64±8.25), rejection sensitivity (58.02±9.54), experiential avoidance (23.90±7.96) and non-suicidal self-injury (0(0, 1)) were all significantly positively correlated with each other( r=0.163-0.532, all P<0.01). Structural equation model showed that empirical avoidance played a partial mediating effect between childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury in college students, with an effect size of 0.045(95% CI=0.013-0.084). Rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance played a chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury in college students, with an effect size of 0.017(95% CI=0.005-0.035). Conclusion:Childhood trauma can directly predict non-suicidal self-injury in college students, and it can also indirectly predict non-suicidal self-injury through the partial mediation effect of experiential avoidance and the chain mediation effect of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance.

Effect of knowledge of a friend's non-suicidal self-injury behavior on self injury and suicide behaviors of adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between knowledge of a friend's non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior and self injury and suicide behaviors of adolescents.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021, totally 1 683 students from a middle school in Xiamen were randomly selected by cluster sampling.The suicide items of the self-injurious thoughts and behaviors interview(SITBT) were used to assess whether students were aware of their friends' self injurious history and their self injurious behaviors.The suicide items of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID) were used to assess students' suicide ideation and behavior.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between knowledge of a friend's NSSI and adolescents' own self-reported NSSI and suicidal behaviors.Results:A total of 1 683 junior and senior high school students completed the survey, including 412 (24.4%) who knew their friend's NSSI history and 1 271 (75.6%) who did not know their friend's NSSI history.There were statistically significant differences between the adolescents known and unknown friends' NSSI histories in terms of age, gender, whether they were left-behind children, mental disorders, their own NSSI, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation (all P<0.05). Knowledge of a friend's NSSI behavior had positive predictive effect on adolescents' own NSSI behavior ( β=0.558, OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.58-3.88), suicidal ideation( β=0.238, OR=3.03, 95% CI=2.08-5.55), and suicide attempts ( β=0.233, OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.55-5.45) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Knowledge of a friend's NSSI behavior may have an impact on adolescents' own self-injury and suicidal behavior.

Caring dilemma of adolescent caregivers with mood disorder with non-suicidal self-injury behavior at different stages:a qualitative study / 中华护理杂志

Objective Based on"timing it right"framework,this study explored the dynamic changes of care dilemma in caregivers of adolescents with mood disorder and non-suicidal self-injury at different stages of disease development,and provided support for the construction of intervention programs.Methods This study adopted phenomenological research and purposive sampling method to select 11 caregivers of adolescents with mood disorders and non-suicidal self-injury behavior who were treated and hospitalized in a tertiary A psychiatric hospital in Henan Province from May 2022 to February 2023 as research subjects.According to the"timing it right"theory,5 semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers during the adolescent diagnostic period,hospitalization period,discharge preparation period,adjustment period,and adaptation period.The data was analyzed by the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results The following themes were summarized.①Diagnostic period:complex emotional reactions,facing a dilemma at a loss.②Hospitalization period:lack of knowledge of disease and childcare,self-conscious care difficulties.③Discharge preparation period:lack of confidence in home care and lower expectations for the future of adolescents.④Adjustment period:lack of care skills and desire professional care support.⑤Adaptation period:negatively coping with diseases,with persistent care difficulties.Conclusion The care dilemma of caregivers of adolescents with mood disorders and non-suicidal self-injury behavior in different stages of disease development is dynamic.Medical staff should provide personalized professional support in a planned and continuous manner based on their different stages of care experience and needs,in order to improve the quality of their care and promote adolescent rehabilitation.

Relationship between depressive mood and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students： the mediating role of impulsivity / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior poses a significant risk to the psychosomatic health of middle school students. However， the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the risk factors associated with NSSI behavior remain unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship and underlying mechanism between depressive mood， impulsivity， and NSSI behavior in middle school students， and provide valuable insights for the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior in this population. MethodsIn March 2021， 1 161 middle school students were recruited by cluster random sampling. They were assessed using Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire （ANSAQ）， Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）， and Barratt Impulsivity Scale （BIS-II）. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between depressive mood， impulsivity and NSSI behavior in middle school students. Moreover， the Process mediation effect analysis was adopted to test the mediating role of impulsivity between depressive mood and NSSI behavior. ResultsTotal of 122 people（10.51%） with NSSI behavior were detected. CES-D score was positively correlated with the total score of BIS-II and scores of all dimensions （r=0.340~0.556， P<0.01）， and also were positively correlated with the total score of ANSAQ and scores of all dimensions （r=0.437~0.540， P<0.01）. Additionally， the total score and dimension scores of BIS-II were positively correlated with the total score and dimension scores of ANSAQ （r=0.157~0.437， P<0.01）. Impulsivity played a partial mediating role between depressive mood and NSSI behavior ［indirect effect=0.035 （95% CI： 0.004~0.067， P<0.01）， indirect effect accounted for 5.81% of the total effect］. ConclusionDepressive mood in middle school students has both a direct and indirect influence on NSSI behavior， partially mediated by impulsivity. Consequently， impulsivity plays a partial mediating role between depressive mood and NSSI behavior.［Funded by Humanities and Social Sciences Research Science Institute of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission （number， 23KSZ017）］

Effect of mentalization-based family therapy on depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe major depressive disorder has high prevalence among adolescents， and non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behaviors frequently occur among patients， therefore， major depressive disorder in adolescents has become the researching focus. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of mentalization-based family therapy （MBFT） on depressive symptoms and NSSI behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder， and to provide references for the rehabilitation of major depressive disorder in adolescents. MethodsA total of 90 adolescent patients with major depression disorder who met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， 10th edition （ICD-10） for depressive disorders and attended Wuhan Mental Health Center from January to December 2022 were selected， and were assigned into study group （n=44） and control group （n=46） using random number table method. All participants received routine intervention， based on this， study group added a 60-minute MBFT intervention once a week for 8 weeks. Before the intervention and at the end of 1st， 2nd，4th and 8th week，the two groups were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24）， General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） and Ottawa Self-injury Inventory （OSI）. ResultsThe repeated measures analysis of variance reported a statistical main effect of time， main effect of group， and interaction effect between time and group at the baseline and the end of 1st， 2nd， 4th and 8th week of treatment in HAMD-24 score （F=69.621， 15.428， 29.623， P˂0.05）， OSI score （F=176.642， 37.682， 21.873， P˂0.05）， GSES score （F=215.236， 57.421， 27.857， P˂0.05） and PSQI score （F=268.541， 61.863， 33.867， P˂0.05）. Individual effect analysis discovered a statistical difference between study group and control group at the end of 2nd， 4th and 8th week of treatment in HAMD-24 score （t=5.567， 8.645， 6.233， P˂0.01）， OSI score （t=3.675， 11.817， 9.632， P˂0.01）， GSES score （t=23.462， 31.709， 12.750， P˂0.01） and PSQI score （t=9.664， 22.457， 9.333， P˂0.01）. ConclusionMBFT may improve depressive symptoms， NSSI behavior， sleep quality and self-efficacy in adolescents with major depressive disorder. ［Funded by 2022 Natural Science Foundation Project of Hubei Province （number， 2022CFB483）］

Psychological experiences in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior： a qualitative Meta-synthesis / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） is a serious global public health issue and an important risk factor for suicide attempts and completed suicide. The incidence of NSSI among adolescents in China is 27.4%. Therefore， it is critical to address NSSI and prevent its progression into more severe mental health conditions. ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the psychological experiences and needs of adolescents with NSSI behavior， so as to provide references for formulating targeted intervention strategies for this demographic. MethodsA computer search was conducted across a total of eleven databases， including Cochrane Library， Embase， PubMed， PsycINFO， Web of Science， CINAHL， Medline， CNKI， Wanfang， VIP and CBM， to gather qualitative research on the psychological experiences and needs of adolescents with NSSI behavior. The search extended from the establishment of these databases up to March， 2023. The Australian Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI） qualitative research quality evaluation tools were used to evaluate the included literature， and a Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the results. ResultsA total of 11 studies were included， yielding 46 research findings. Similar findings were consolidated into 10 new categories， ultimately resulting in 5 synthesized outcomes， including interpersonal conflict， academic pressure and self-reflective struggles， self-injurious behaviors intertwined with inner emotions， the power of love to overcome helplessness， and adjustment and seeking positive coping strategies. ConclusionAdolescents often have experienced negative life events before NSSI behaviors， with notable conflicts in interpersonal relationships， academic pressures and family education. Following NSSI behavior， they undergo various psychological experiences， such as transient feelings of relief， dependence and guilt. In addition， they crave guidance and assistance from professionals to cope with negative emotions.［Funded by Social Psychological Service and Crisis Intervention in 2022 （number， LZXL-202213）］

Advances in the electrophysiological research on neurocognitive function in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury / 中国当代儿科杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is becoming increasingly common in adolescents and seriously affects their physical and mental health, and it is also a major risk factor for suicide among adolescents. NSSI has now become a public health issue of general concern; however, the identification of cognitive dysfunction in NSSI is still based on neuropsychological cognitive assessment and subjective questionnaire assessment, with a lack of objective evaluation indicators. As a method for studying the cognitive neural mechanism of NSSI, electroencephalography is a reliable tool for finding objective biomarkers of NSSI. This article reviews the recent research on electrophysiology associated with cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with NSSI.

Research progress on the addictive characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a behavior that occurs most often in adolescents.Previous studies showed that this behavior has the addictive related characteristics.Interestingly,the addictive nature of NSSI behavior can be assessed using Ottawa selfinjury inventory(OSI),the higher addiction score indicates the more serious NSSI behavior.From the psychological mechanism,different models show that the addictive feature of NSSI behavior may be related to the behavioral reinforcement mechanism and the interaction mechanism of emotion,cognition,and behavior of susceptible individuals.From the neurobiological mechanisms,opioid and dopamine may mediate the addiction characteristics of NSSI,and the brain reward circuit originated in the midbrain system may play a key role.From the perspective of treatment,current psychotherapy may have advantages in alleviating NSSI behavior,while therapeutic drugs and non-invasive neural regulation of substance use disorders may improve NSSI behavior via alleviating behavioral addiction.In conclusion,NSSI may be an addictive disorder,which needs further verification in the future studies.

Mediating effects of adolescent loneliness and depressive symptoms on interparental conflict and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the mediating effects of adolescent loneliness and depressive symptoms on interparental conflict and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury, so as to provide insights into the prevention and interventions of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.@*Methods@#Students from 7 middle schools in Tianjin, Henan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Inner Mongolia were selected using convenient sampling method. Their loneliness, depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury occurrence were investigated using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Non-Suicidal Self-injury Scale, and interparental conflict was evaluated by adolescents and their mothers respectively, using the adolescence revision of Co-parenting Scale and the Co-parenting Relationship Scale. The mediating effects of loneliness and depressive symptoms on interparental conflict and non-suicidal self-injury was examined using a structural-equation model.@*Results@#A total of 544 students were recruited, with a mean age of (14.19±; 1.43) years. There were 241 males (44.30%) and 303 females (55.70%); 452 junior high school students (83.10%), 46 high school students (8.45%) and 46 vocational high school students (8.45%); and 150 students with non-suicidal self-injury (27.57%). The scores of loneliness, depressive symptoms, parental conflict evaluated by students and their mothers were (4.38±; 1.87), (7.32±; 6.06), (14.10±; 8.03) and (3.04±; 3.19), respectively. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that parental conflict had no direct effect on non-suicidal self-injury, but loneliness (β=0.074, 95%CI: 0.038-0.114) and depressive symptoms (β=0.096, 95%CI: 0.061-0.136) played indirect effects on interparental conflict and non-suicidal self-injury, and they also exerted a chain mediating effect (β=0.064, 95%CI: 0.037-0.095) (all P<; 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Interparental conflict can impact adolescent non-suicidal self-injury through the mediating effects of adolescent loneliness and depressive symptoms.

Revision of the non-suicidal self-injury behavior scale for adolescents with mental disorder / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Adolescents are at high risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Currently, there is no clinical assessment tool for adolescent NSSI behaviors measurement with global consistency. The Ottawa Self-injury Inventory (OSI) is considered as a relatively comprehensive assessment tool for NSSI, but the questionnaire is discussed with excessive content and timecostly, which may affect the reliability of the measurement results for adolescent.Thus, this study, based on OSI, aims to revise the assessment tool for adolescent with NSSI that is suitable for both clinically and scientifically, referring to the diagnostic criteria for NSSI in the 5th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5).@*METHODS@#This study was led by the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and collaborated with 6 mental health service institutions in China from August to December 2020. Adolescent aged from 12 to 24 years old who had self-injury behavior and met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for NSSI were continuously recruited in the psychiatric outpatient department or ward. After clinical diagnosis by an experienced attending psychiatrist or above, the general information and OSI were collected by questionnaires. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS structural equation model statistical softwares were used to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis on the obtained data to complete the revision of the scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, and content validity and structure validity were performed to analyze the reliability and validity and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the structure validity for the revised scale.@*RESULTS@#A total of 234 adolescent with NSSI were enrolled, including 33 (14.1%) males and 201 (85.9%) females with the mean age of (16.2±2.6) years old. The most common clinical diagnoses were depression disorder (57.4%), bipolar disorder (20.9%), adolescent mood disorder (17.1%), etc. Nine items (item 2, 7, 11, 13, 23, 24, 10, 17, 18) in the functional scale of OSI were deleted according to extreme grouping method, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis in exploratory factor analysis. The revised functional scale for NSSI consisted of 15 items. The reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of NSSI thought and behavior frequency, addiction characteristics, and function scales were 0.799, 0.798, and 0.835, respectively, and the split-half coefficients were 0.714, 0.727, and 0.852, respectively. The test-retest coefficients of the latter 2 scales were 0.466 and 0.560, respectively. The correlation coefficient between sub-items and total scores in each part of the scale showed good content validity. The exploratory factor analysis showed that a component was extracted from the frequency of thoughts and behaviors of NSSI, one component was extracted from the addictive characteristics, and three components were extracted from the functional part. The three functional subscales were social influence, external emotion regulation, and internal emotion regulation. The factor load of each item was >0.400.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The revised Chinese version OSI targeted the adolescent patients with mental disorders has relatively ideal reliability and validity. The scale shows high stability, dependability, and a reasonable degree of fit. It is a suitable assessment tool for clinical and scientific research on adolescent with NSSI.

Research progress of non-suicidal self-injury in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the behavior that intentionally and directly injures one′s own body organization without suicidal intention, which is not recognized by the society.Children have gradually become a high-risk group of NSSI behavior, which seriously affects children′s physical and mental health.This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, influencing factors, behavior characteristics, treatment and prognosis of children′s NSSI behavior, aiming to identify children′s NSSI behavior and provide interventions as early as possible to prevent the occurrence of repeated NSSI behavior.