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Background Few studies have been conducted on the associations of dietary habits with the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in employees of chemical companies in northwest China. Objective To understand the excess intakes of red meat, offal, and salt, the current status of high normal blood pressure and hypertension detection among employees of a large chemical company in Gansu, China, and to analyze the relationships between different dietary habits and the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension. Methods A large state-owned chemical enterprise in Gansu Province was selected and 914 employees were recruited by age-stratified random sampling. A set of questionnaires and health examination were adopted for the survey. χ2 test was used to compare dietary habits. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between different dietary habits and the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in the chemical enterprise employees after including the factors significantly different in the χ2 test. Results A total of 914 workers completed the survey. Significant differences were found in the distribution of normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, and hypertension among the participants grouped by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and family history of hypertension (P < 0.001). The excess intake rates of red meat, offal, and salt were 25.4%, 29.0%, and 62.1%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the distribution of normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, and hypertension among the participants grouped by intakes of meat, offal, and salt (P < 0.001). The highest positive rate of high normal blood pressure was detected in the workers with excess intakes of offal and salt (P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with higher intakes of red meat, offal, and salt (P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, family history of hypertension, and other factors, the results of logistic regression showed that the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess red meat intake were 1.55 (95%CI: 1.00, 2.38) times and 2.88 (95%CI: 1.63, 5.07) times higher than those in workers with low red meat intake respectively. The risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess offal intake were 1.75 (95%CI: 1.12, 2.72) times and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.01, 3.44) times higher than those in workers with no offal intake respectively. The risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess salt intake were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.22, 2.65) times and 2.59 (95%CI: 1.63, 4.11) times higher than those in workers with moderate salt intake, respectively. Conclusion Excessive intakes of red meat, offal or salt are common among the chemical enterprise workers. Excess intakes of red meat, offal, and salt are risk factors for both high normal blood pressure and hypertension. The northwest chemical enterprise should further advocate a healthy and reasonable diet among employees, and propose to reduce the intakes of red meat, offal, and salt.
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Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of health-promoting lifestyle in young and middle-aged people with high normal blood pressure, so as to provide the basis for primary prevention about hypertension.Methods:From July to December 2020, a convenience sampling method was used to select 280 cases of young and middle-aged people with high normal blood pressure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were investigated by self-administered general information questionnaire,and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ).Results:The HPLP-Ⅱ total score in the young and middle-aged with high normal blood pressure was 146.79 ± 29.57. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that different occupation,income, family history of hypertension and learning-willingness were the influencing factors of their health-promoting lifestyle( P<0.05). Conclusions:The health-promoting lifestyle among the young and middle-aged with high normal blood pressure is at a medium level, health care providers should strengthen guidance to improve their health-promoting lifestyle through health education and other ways for individuals without stable employment, poor income level, no family history of hypertension and lack in willingness to learn.
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The incidence of high-normal blood pressure gradually increased. With the popularization of basic medical knowledge， the detection rate has increased. Without intervention， high-normal blood pressure is very likely converted into hypertension， and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will continue to rise. Studies have shown that the blood lipids for detection of people with high-normal blood pressure， cytokines and other laboratory indicators have been changed， causing certain damage to target organs. Normal-high blood pressure people and high-blood pressure people also need to be given attention. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that high-normal blood pressure has intermingled deficiency and excess， which is closely correlated to the liver， spleen and kidney. The syndrome is constantly changing and developing in the course of disease， which is affected by physical fitness， environment， age and other factors. With respect to treatment， conventional western medicine for lowering blood pressure has not yet been incorporated into the guidelines， and exercise， diet， and health education still play a major role. Studies have shown that the intervention methods with TCM characteristics are applied in addition to the improvement of lifestyle， so as to intervene in people with high-normal blood pressure， such as TCM， acupuncture， herbal tea， Baduanjin， with a significant clinical effect. These therapies can effectively reduce blood pressure， improve symptoms， regulate physique， and protect target organ damage， with a good compliance. With the advantages in preventing the disease， TCM is of far-reaching significance to prevent disease in advance， and transform high-normal blood pressure into ideal blood pressure. Based on the study on the intervention of high-normal blood pressure with TCM therapy， it was found that the sample size was small and the preciseness needed to be improved. Further research is needed due to the complicated mechanism of TCM and acupuncture. There is a lack of insufficient evidence to support the long-term efficacy and safety of TCM therapy because of the limitations in clinical study intervention and follow-up time. This article reviews the clinical research of the effect of TCM on high-normal blood pressure， in order to provide guidance and reference for clinical and subsequent research.
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Objective To compare the blood lipid levels of different brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in young and middle-aged people with normal blood pressure and to explore the related factors affecting baPWV.Methods From January 2014 to December 2017,the clinical data of one thousand two hundred and sixty-eight middle-aged and young people with normal blood pressure who underwent physical examination in Dongying People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Using baPWV＜ 1 400 cm/s as the standard of normal arterial stiffness,the patients were divided into normal arterial stiffness group (normal group,1 128 cases),abnormal arterial stiffness group (abnormal group,baPWV ≥ 1 400 cm/s,140 cases).The blood lipid indexes of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis and linear correlation analysis was used for linear correlation analysis.Pearson correlation analysis was used.Results Compared with the normal group,TC ((4.99 ± 1.10) mmol/L vs.(4.48 ± 1.03) mmoL/L,t =5.830),TG ((1.62 ± 0.27) mmol/L vs.(1.49 ± 0.23) mmol/L,t=5.102),LDL-C[(3.25±0.23) mmol/L vs.(3.11±0.16) mmol/L,t =4.712),Apo B((0.96 ±0.07) g/L vs.(0.87±0.08) g/L,t =4.297)in abnormal group all increased,and HDL-C((1.15±0.09) mmol/L vs.(1.27±0.07) mmol/L,t =4.712) decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Smoking,high FPG,high LDL-C,high Apo B,low HDL-C were the independent factors affecting baPWV abnormality (P＜ 0.05).TC,TG,LDL-C,Apo B and baPWV in abnormal group were positively correlated(P＜0.05),and HDL-C and baPWV were negatively correlated(P＜0.05).There was a linear regression relationship between LDL-C,Apo B and baPWV (P＜0.05).Conclusion The increase of LDL-C and Apo B are closely related to early arterial disease in the low-risk populations of normotensive young and middle-aged people,even the risk of blood lipid may already exist within the normal range.
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Objective To investigate the effect of heat-sensitive point moxibustion on high-normal blood pressure in persons with yin or yang deficiency.Methods Eighty-six persons with high-normal blood pressure were randomized to a treatment group (42 cases, 20 with yin deficiency and 22 with yang deficiency) and a control group (44 cases, 19 with yin deficiency and 25 with yang deficiency). The control group received health education and diet guidance and the treatment group, heat-sensitive point moxibustion in addition. Both groups were followed up twice a week with blood pressure measured. The clinical therapeutic effects, hypertension diagnosis rates and neutral constitution transformation percentages were compared between the two groups of persons with different constitutions after one month of treatment.Results The total efficacy rate was 90.0％ in persons with yin deficiency and 100％ in persons with yang deficiency of the treatment group and correspondingly 78.9％ and 92.0％ of the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Post-treatment hypertension diagnosis rate 15.0％ in persons with yin deficiency and 9.1％ in persons with yang deficiency of the treatment group and correspondingly 36.8％ and 16.0％ of the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Post-treatment neutral constitution transformation percentage was 23.3％ in persons with yin or yang deficiency of the treatment group and 13.6％ in those of the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Heat-sensitive point moxibustion can reduce high-normal blood pressure and hypertension incidence and effectively rectify biased constitution in persons with yin or yang deficiency.
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Objective To observe the changes of artery elasticity in patients with High-Normal Blood Pressure(HNBP) by ET, and search bound values in diagnosis by ROC. Methods Comparative analysis of artery IMT and β, Ep, AC, PWVβ with HNBP and normal group, which were analyzed by ROC. Results Compared with the normal group, β, Ep, PWVβ were increased in HNBP group, AC was lower significantly. Conclusion The peripheral artery elasticity have reduced before the artery IMT didn′t appear morphological change.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between isolated systolic high-normal blood pressure and cor-onary heart disease (CHD) in the middle-aged and elderly population. Methods A total of 236 patients over 50 years old and undergone coronary angiography were enrolled and divided into isolated systolic high-normal blood pressure (ISHNBP) group (n=135) and non-ISHNBP (NISHNBP) group (n=101) according to their systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. All clinical data and angiographic data were collected. Results There was no significant difference in systolic blood pres-sure between NISHNBP group and ISHNBP group (P>0.05). There were significantly lower levels of diastolic blood pres-sure and higher pulse pressure in ISHNBP group (P＜0.01). Results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that isolated sys-tolic high-normal blood pressure was the independent risk factor for CHD (OR=2.67,95%CI:1.50-4.75, P＜0.01). And the distribution of diseased coronary vessel numbers was more extensive in the ISHNBP group (P＜0.01). Conclusion The iso-lated systolic blood pressure in the middle-aged and elderly population with high risk of coronary heart disease should be paid attention to, and make appropriate interventions, which may help reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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IntroductionIsolated systolic hypertension (ISH) has been found to increase the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease significantly among both middle-aged and elderly men and women. ISH is a higher risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) than isolated diastolic hypertension. Because of this it is important to determine the prevalence of ISH and its associated risk factors in order to reduce CVD mortality and morbidity in Mongolia.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the physical activity of people with ISH to it of people with normal blood pressure (BP).Мaterials and MethodsWe examined the physical activity using the data of “Mongolian STEPS Survey on the Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease and Injury Risk Factors-2009”. ISH was defined as systolic BP≥140 mmHg and diastolic BP<90 mmHg. The Control (normotensive) group comprised subjects whose systolic BP<140 mmHg and diastolic BP<90 mmHg. Using to approach of WHO “STEPS” Survey, physical activity was assessed on intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity at work, in recreational settings and during transportation using complex set of 16 questions.ResultsAccording to the survey results, 74% of people who had normal BP and 48.7% of people with ISH engaged in moderate levels of physical activity in recreational settings daily a week. It was statistically difference in two groups. Males with ISH were more likely to engage in high levels of physical activity at work and in recreational settings compared to females. In terms of age differences, moderate and high levels of physical activity at work decreased steadily with age. Mean duration and frequency of physical activity a week weren”t difference in two groups.ConclusionFrequency of physical activity decreased with age in respondents with Isolated systolic hypertension. Males engaged more in high levels of physical activity at work and in recreational settings more than females. Moderate levels of physical activity in recreational settings was lower in respondents with ISH compared to respondents who had normal blood pressure (p<0.05).
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La categoría de prehipertensión arterial, cifras inferiores a 140/90 mmHg y superiores a 120/80 mmHg, es sugerida en 1939 por las agencias de seguros de vida, al constatar que esas cifras aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión, enfermedad cardiovascular y muerte prematura de causa cardiovascular. En el 2003, el JNC-7 retoma este término al clasificar la hipertensión arterial. Estudios epidemiológicos sitúan la prevalencia en los alrededores del 30 por ciento en población adulta y que progresa a HTA establecida en el 19 por ciento de los casos, cada 4 años. Es frecuente la asociación a algún factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (en personas > 65 años en un 42 por ciento vs. 27 por ciento en los que poseen presión normal). Por su alta prevalencia, la asociación a otros factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y el aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad por estas enfermedades, en comparación con sujetos con presión arterial óptima, se considera la prehipertensión arterial como un importante problema de salud. Múltiples estudios sustentan la necesidad de conocer con exactitud su prevalencia e incidencia, así como, su tratamiento con estilos de vida sanos, y en los casos con alto riesgo de enfermedad vascular (diabéticos, enfermedad renal crónica, proteinuria, cardiopatía y dislipidemias), con fármacos antihipertensivos. Los objetivos del tratamiento están basados en: reducir las cifras de presión arterial lo más próximo posible a las cifras óptimas (< 120/80 mmHg) y controlar los factores de riesgo global de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los logros esperados con esta estrategia son: disminuir las cifras de presión arterial, disminuir el desarrollo de hipertensión o prolongar su aparición, evitar el riesgo de daño en órgano diana, el número de enfermedades cardiovasculares y obtener impacto socioeconómico, sustancial, en la salud pública. Sin embargo, existen múltiples interrogantes, pues faltan evidencias de la utilidad de tratarla
The high blood pressure category (figures under 140/90 mm Hg and over 120/180 mm Hg) is suggested by life insurance agencies due to above figures increase the risk to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and sudden death of cardiovascular origin. In 2003, to classify the high blood pressure, the JNC-7 take up again this term. Epidemiological studies place the prevalence around the 30 percent in adult population progressing to a HTA established in the 19 percent of cases each 4 years. It is frequent its association with some risk factor of cardiovascular disease (in subjects aged > 65 in a 42 percent versus 27 percent in those normotensive). Due to its high prevalence, its association with other risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the increase of morbidity and mortality from these conditions, compared to those with the optimal blood pressure. The high blood pressure is considered as a significant health problem. Many studies support the need to know with accuracy its prevalence and incidence, as well as its treatment with healthy lifestyles and in the cases with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (diabetes, chronic renal disease, proteinuria, heart disease and dyslipemia), with antihypertensive drugs. The objectives of present paper are based on: to reduce the blood pressure figures the nearest from the optimal ones (< 120/180 mm Hg) and to control the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The achievements expected with this strategy are: to decrease the blood pressure figures, the development of high blood pressure or to extend its appearance, to avoid the risk of damage in target organ, the number of cardiovascular diseases and to obtain a significant socioeconomic impact in public health. However, there are many question marks due to lack of evidences on the usefulness of its treatment
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Background: This experimental (Intervention) study was conducted with objective of evaluating the outcome of non-pharmacological approach (lifestyle intervention) through reducing the modifiable risk factors on high normal blood pressure or pre-hypertension (systolic blood pressure130- 139mm of Hg and diastolic blood pressure 85-89 mm of Hg).The study was provided risk reduction management intervention was given on subjects of high normal blood pressure through adequate physical activity, tobacco cessation, dietary advice for unhealthy to healthy diet, reduction of salt intake, reduction of over weight & stress management etc. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 434 respondents aged 30 -50 years during the period from June 2008 to May 2009 with intervention for 6 months.Random sampling, those cases were fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion. High-normal BP were found out through BP measurement & clinical examination then sample population were selected by randomization: odds numbers in study group (intervention group) and even numbers in control group (comparision group). After obtaing informed consent data were collected by interview, clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and investigations. It was three phases, first phase were case identification & intervention for study group, second phase was follow up and third phase was outcome measurement for both groups. Cases were hold a record card with contact number. Results: After six month mean difference of blood pressure, lipid profile, weight were changed both the groups but changed was significant in the study group. Mean systolic blood pressure reduced 4.1±6.0 in the study group and 1.2±6.4 in the control group,(p< 0.001). Mean diastolic pressure reduced 3.5±4.9 in study group and 1.2±6.4 in control group (p<0.001). Mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides decreased in the study group 19.7±18.6, 10.6±14.6 and 15.4 ±21 respectivley and in control group mean of all these parameters decreased to 11.5±16.5, 5.1±12.9 and 6.7±23.2 respectively. Mean HDL cholesterol for men and women in the study group was raised to 5.6±5.9 and 4.5± 6.4 respectively (p<0.001). Mean weight reduced 1.94±1.59 in study group and 0.06±1.44 in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The final outcome of the study was that mean high normal blood pressure was found to reduced due to intervention of non- pharmacological management. So, If we encourages subjects after 40 years for routine health check up in hospital setting & service for risk factor detection & management (preventive cardiology), we will reduce the risk factors of high normal blood pressure (pre-hypertension) & cardiovascular diseases to some extent. Encourages population to stay with normal blood pressure & healthy life style.
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Objective To study the prevalence and distribution of high-normal blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence rates of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian and Han populations in Boertala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. Methods 4325 Subjects,with numbers of Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian,Han ethnicities as 1247,1047,817,1214 cases,respectively and aged 20-79 years,were selected from the cross-sectional study on hypertension in Boertala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. The prevalence rates of related risk factors on CVD were analyzed among multiethnic populations with high-normal BP. Results (1) The prevalence rates of high-normal BP were 39.2%,34.5%,36.0%,36.5% respectively in Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian,Han populations. The prevalence rate of aged <40 years in Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian was higher than that of aged 40-60 (P=0.000,0.006,0.016 respectively in Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian) and >60 years (all the P=0.000 in the three ethnic populations) in the same ethnic population. (2) In the high-normal BP groups,subjects with both SBP (120-139 mm Hg) and DBP (80-89 mm Hg) at high-normal BP level accounted for the majority (>45%) while subjects with only DBP (80-89 mm Hg) at high-normal BP level had the lowest prevalence rate (>13%). (3) The prevalence rates of overweight-obesity (body mass index≥24.0 kg/m~2),visceral obesity (waist circumference≥male 85 cm/female 80 cm),dyslipidemia and≥1 risk factors of CVD in multiethnic populations respectively were≥57%,62%,43 % and 82 %. (4) Analyzed by multiple regression,aging,over-weight and or obesity,being male etc. were risk factors for high-normal BP. Conclusion High-normal blood pressure was common among aged 20-79 years Uygur,Kazak,Mongolian,Han populations,especially among people <40 years,in Xinjiang Boertala region,which was often accompanied by others risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Prevention and control programs on risk factors for population with high-normal blood pressure need to be strongly advocated.
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Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of normotensive pheochromocyto-ma. Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with normotensive pheochromocytoma were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for normotensive pheochromocytoma were no previous history of hypertension and episode of symptoms suggesting high blood pressure. The blood pressure on admission was 90-130/ 60-90 mm Hg with an average of 113/72 mm Hg. Seven patients were found adrenal mass by routine ultrasonic examination. Twelve patients presented with superior abdominal or flank pain. Four pa-tients were present with fatigue, and 2 patients had fever. Headache and palpitation were found in 1 patient. Most of patients were present with large and round mass with low density area in the center of the tumor by uhrosonography and CT. Four patients had elevated level of plasma epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. 24 hours urine CA and VMA were elevated in 5 and 4 patients respectively. Seven pa-tients were prepared with infusion preoperatively to expand intravascular volume, and 2 patients were given prazosin 1.5 mg/d for 5 to 7 days. Results During the operation, seventeen patients had ele-vated blood pressure and 5 patients had no changed. One of seven patients with preoperative prepara-tion had obvious hypertension during operation, and 11 of 15 patients without preoperative preparation had obvious hypertension. The tumors were removed successfully in 21 patients. All the patients were diagnosed pheochromocytoma pathologically. Twenty-one patients had normal blood pressure with no recurrence during the follow-up from 1 month to 7 years. Conclusions The patients with normotensive pheochromocytomas may have lower catecholamine in their plasma and urine. The application of α-blockers and the expanding intravascular volume before operation could be important for the patients safe.
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OBJECTIVES: 'High-normal blood pressure' is a factor influencing decision to initiate targeted intensive intervention strategy in westernized populations. JNC-VI offered the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure', who could be early detected. As a hypertension seems to be the result of multiple genetic factors operating in concert with associated environmental factors, it will be necessary to identify the high-normal blood pressure as a risk factor of hypertension for applying primary prevention strategy in Korean people. METHODS: Although cohort study design might be adequate to recruit incidence cases, to keep time sequence of events, and to prevent information bias, nested case-control study was chosen for avoiding measurement errors because hypertension is a benign disease. Source population was the 'Seoul Cohort' participants and follow-up was done by using Korea Medical Insurance Corporation's database on the utilization of health services from 1Jan93 to 30Jun97. Incidence cases were ascertained through the chart review, telephone contacts, and direct blood pressure measurements. Controls included the pairing of 4 individuals to each case on the basis of age. RESULTS: As 75 % of 247 incident cases had high-normal blood pressure, the crude odds ratio for hypertension was 2.04 (95% CI 1.47-2.83). Another statistically significant risk factors of hypertension were body mass index, dietary fiber, alcohol consumption, weekly activity and history of quitting smoking. The multivariate odds ratio of high-normal blood pressure adjusted for all risk factors was 1.84 (95 % CI 1.31-2.56). Among high-normal blood pressure group, body mass index, weekly ethanol amounts, weekly physical activity, and dietary fiber except history of quitting smoking were still risk factors of hypertension. CONCLUSION: 'High-normal blood pressure' is a risk factor for hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, which represents that the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure' is need.