Optimization of Water Extraction Technology of Feng-Moutan Cortex by Orthogonal Test-Multiple-index Normalization Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To optimize water extraction technology of Feng-Moutan Cortex. METHODS: L9 (34) orthogonal design was used to optimize soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction times in water extraction technology of Feng-Moutan Cortex using comprehensive scores for the peak area percentage and extract yield of 8 ingredients in Feng-Moutan Cortex as gallic acid, paeoniflorin, catechin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol after normalization as indexes. Verification test was conducted. RESULTS: The optimal water extraction technology was that 20-fold water, soaking for 1 h, extracting twice, 2 h each time. Results of verification test showed that comprehensive scores of 3 times of tests were 65. 98, 68. 85 and 69. 25, respectively. RSDs of each index were lower than 5％ (n=3). CONCLUSIONS: Established comprehensive scoring method can reflect the relative contents of effective components in Feng-Moutan Cortex comprehen- sively, so that optimized extraction technology is reasonable and feasible.

HPLC determination of terbutaline sulfate impurity I / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a qualitative and quantitative HPLC method for the determination of impurity Iin tebutaline sulfate. METHODS: The Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) was used as the analysis column;buffer solution [dissolving 4.23 g of sodium hexanesulfonate in 770 mL of 0.050 mol·L-1 ammonium formate solution (pH 3)]-methanol (77:23) was used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the column temperature was maitained at 30℃, the detection wavelength was set at 276 nm,and the injectiong volume was 20 μL. Area normalization method with correction factor was used for the quantitative analysis of the impurity I. RESULTS: Under the separation condition, the impurity I was completely separated from the principal components. The calibration curve showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.10-579 μg·mL-1(r=1.000 0). The correction factor was 3.6. CONCLUSION: The area normalization method with correction factor developed in the paper can be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the impurity Iin terbutaline sulfate, which can not only solve the problem of the availability of impurity reference standards, but also reflect the actual contents of impurity. The method provides an efficient and convenient method for quality control of terbutaline sulfate.

How to Choose Drug Dosage for Human Experiments Based on Drug Dose Used on Animal Experiments: A Review.

The orthodontic tooth movement is a biological response to orthodontic force. The biological response is very strongly-related to local bone metabolism. There is a strong evidence in the literature that bone metabolism can be altered by drugs. There are various studies published in dental journals on administration of drugs for the purpose of affecting orthodontic tooth movement both for augmentation of anchorage and to increase the rate of tooth movement. Most of these studies are animal studies. The aim of this article is to give insight to how to convert drug dose from animal studies to human trails. Dose per kilogram of body weight for one species is not the same for another species, it has to be converted first based on body surface area (BSA)normalization method. BSA correlates well across several mammalian species with several parameters of biology, including oxygen utilization, caloric expenditure, basal metabolism, blood volume, circulating plasma proteins, and renal function.

In vivo metabolic pathway of liquiritin in rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the in vivo metabolic pathways of liquiritin (LQ) in rats. Methods: An HPLC-QTRAP-MS method was established and applied to identify the metabolites of LQ in bile, urine, feces, and plasma after ig administration of LQ (300 mg/kg) to rats. Results: A total of nine metabolites were found in rats. The major metabolic pathway of LQ was deglucosidation to liquiritigenin (LG) and dehydration, glucuronidation, and sulfation of LG. Conclusion: LQ undergoes extensive phases I and II metabolism in rats. The major metabolites of LQ are LG and its glucuronides and sulfates.