Analysis of 100 Cases of Nurse-patient Communication from the Perspective of Ethic, Psychology and Law / 中国医学伦理学

With the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy, the value of care has become increasingly prominent. It has become an important nursing topic to strengthen the theoretical and practical research of nurse-patient communication, especially to understand the current state, and explore the essential characteristics, the influencing factors and the differences in interdisciplinary perspectives of nurse-patient communication. Through systematic analysis of 100 real clinical nurse-patient communication cases, this paper found that the problem of poor nurse-patient communication still existed widely, which is prominently manifested as the inhibition of communication willingness, the dislocation of communication topics and the lack of communication consensus. The causes of poor nurse-patient communication were nurses’ poor communication skills, negative emotional distress, the lack of humanistic literacy and insufficient energy investment in communication, as well as the patient’s fragile state, the limitation of knowledge and cultural level, and insufficient trust in nurses. The interdisciplinary perspective analysis of ethics, psychology and law is conducive to enriching and developing the theoretical basis and research methods of nurse-patient communication, and can also provide useful suggestions for improving nurse-patient communication in clinical.

Application of standardized patient teaching based on Calgary-Cambridge communication model in nurse patient communication training for junior college interns / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of applying standardized patient teaching based on Calgary-Cambridge communication model in nurse patient communication training for junior college interns, and to enrich the teaching methods of nurse patient communication training in domestic medical institutions.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study. In July 2022, 78 students were selected from 335 junior college interns in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University by random coding method, and were randomly divided into the experimental group (39 students) and the control group (39 students) by lot. The control group received routine training. The experimental group received standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model: teaching the key points of communication, guiding demonstration based on Calgary Cambridge communication model, and guiding reflection and exploration. The nurse patient communication ability, nurse patient communication practice skills, communication self-efficacy, and teaching satisfaction of the two groups of interns were compared between the two groups after 8 weeks of training.Results:After training, the total score of nurse patient communication ability evaluation in the experimental group was (91.41 ± 5.35) points, higher than that in the control group (88.08 ± 7.40) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.24, P<0.05); after training, the communication self-efficacy score of the experimental group was (30.21 ± 4.28) points, higher than that of the control group (27.94 ± 5.09) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.09, P<0.05); the total score of communication practice skills in the experimental group was (173.59 ± 18.48) points, higher than that in the control group (158.44 ± 15.57) points, there was significant difference ( t=3.82, P<0.05); the total score of communication teaching and training satisfaction in the experimental group was (16.77 ± 2.94) points, higher than that in the control group (15.22 ± 1.90) points, and there was significant difference ( t=2.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:The standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model can effectively improve the practical skills of nurse patient communication of junior college interns, and promote the improvement of their nurse patient communication self-efficacy, which is conducive to the improvement of nurse patient communication ability junior college intern.

La técnica Delphi para el rediseño y validación de un instrumento que mide la comunicación enfermera-paciente / Using the Delphi method to redesign and validate an instrument measuring nurse-patient communication / A técnica Delphi para o redesenho e validação de um instrumento que mede a comunicação enfermeira-paciente

Resumen Introducción: La evaluación de la comunicación entre la enfermera y el paciente da cuenta de la dimensión interpersonal en la calidad del cuidado. Esta relación ha sido estudiada desde diversos enfoques con énfasis en algunos aspectos, como el diseño y validación de instrumentos. Objetivo: Rediseño y validación de contenido de un instrumento que mide comunicación enfermera-paciente, con base en la técnica Delphi. Metodología: Se enfoca al rediseño y validación de un instrumento, con la aplicación de la técnica Delphi, con la participación de enfermeras expertas, sensibles a la relación terapéutica; se realizaron tres rondas con integración de contenidos por las coordinadoras y la aplicación de los coeficientes de validación de contenido por reactivo (CVR) y validación de contenido integral (CVI). Resultados: El CVI del instrumento en cuestión (CECOP-23) en la primera ronda fue 0.84, posterior a ello se eliminaron cuatro reactivos y se sustituyeron dos que fueron sugeridos por los expertos. En la segunda ronda el instrumento alcanzó un CVI de 0.95, el grupo sugirió la utilización de términos más sencillos que propiciaran la cercanía con el paciente. En la tercera ronda se obtuvo un CVI de 0.96. El CECOP quedó integrado por 21 reactivos, diez que exploran empatía y once que exploran respeto. Conclusiones: El trabajo con los expertos permitió analizar los reactivos del CECOP-23, obteniendo el CECOP-21, con reactivos de mayor calidez y exploración más precisa, cumpliendo con el objetivo de diseñar un instrumento que explore ambas dimensiones manteniendo el equilibrio entre la empatía y el respeto.

Abstract Introduction: The assessment of the communication between nurses and patients is part of the interpersonal dimension of quality of care. This relationship has been studied from diverse points of view which focus on issues such as the design and validation of measuring instruments. Objective: Using the Delphi method, to redesign and validate a nurse-patient communication measuring instrument. Methodology: Together with expert and sensitive to the therapeutic relationship nurses, the Delphi method was used to redesign and validate a communication measuring instrument. The coordinators assessed the contents in three cycles calculating the Item Content Validity and Integral Content Validity coefficients. Results: The Integral Content Validity of the CECOP-23 instrument was 0.84 in the first cycle. Four items were deleted and two were substituted in agreement with the suggestions of the experts. The Integral Content Validity of the instrument was 0.95 in the second cycle. The group suggested using simpler terms which could foster closeness to the patient. The Integral Content Validity was 0.96 in the third cycle. The CECOP instrument was finally constituted by 21 items, 10 exploring empathy and 11 exploring respect. Conclusions: Working along with the experts prompted the analysis of the CECOP-23 instrument in order to produce the CECOP-21 which has more precise and "warm" items. The objective of redesigning and instrument which, maintaining the equilibrium between empathy and respect, could measure the nurse-patient communication was achieved.

Resumo Introdução: A avaliação da comunicação entre a enfermeira e o paciente dá conta da dimensão interpessoal na qualidade do cuidado. Esta relação tem sido estudada desde diversos enfoques com ênfase em alguns aspectos, como o desenho e a validação de instrumentos. Objetivo: redesenho e validação de conteúdo de um instrumento que meça a comunicação enfermeira-paciente, com base na técnica Delphi. Metodologia: Foca-se no redesenho e validação de um instrumento, com a aplicação da técnica Delphi, com a participação de enfermeiras experientes, sensíveis à relação terapêutica; realizaram-se três ciclos com integração de conteúdos pelas coordenadoras e a aplicação dos coeficientes de validação de conteúdo por item (CVR) e a validação de conteúdo integral (CVI). Resultados: O CVI do instrumento em questão (CECOP-23) na primeira volta foi 0.84, posterior a isto, eliminaram-se quatro itens e substituíram-se dois que foram sugeridos pelos especialistas. Na segunda volta o instrumento atingiu um CVI de 0.95, o grupo sugeriu a utilização de termos mais simples que propiciaram a proximidade com o paciente. Na terceira volta obteve-se um CVI de 0.96. O CECOP ficou integrado por 21 itens, dez que exploram empatia e onze respeito. Conclusões: O trabalho com os especialistas permitiu analisar os itens de CECOP-23, obtendo o CECOP-21, com itens de maior qualidade e exploração mais precisa, cumprindo com o objetivo de desenhar um instrumento que explore ambas as dimensões mantendo o equilíbrio entre a empatia e o respeito.

Construction and Practice of Humanistic Care Model in Emergency Departments / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the humanistic care model and its effects in emergency nursing.Methods:Through literature research,analysis process and interviews,we constructed the humanistic care model,formulated corresponding humanistic care nursing measures,and implemented them in clinical practice.The humanistic care satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness.Results:The satisfaction rate of humanistic care was improved,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion:The construction of humanistic care model can significantly improve the satisfaction of emergency patients,and the standardized process should be established in the implementation of humanistic care.

A survey of nurse-patient communication procedures among nursing interns / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the nurse-patient communication procedures among nursing interns. Method Totally 334 nursing interns were involved in the survey using the basic questionnaire and the nurse-patient communication procedure scale. Result The average score of the communication skills was 22 . 91 ± 2 . 13 , with the dimensions of communication preparation (0.97 ± 0.07), information collection (0.88 ± 0.13), information sending (0.90 ± 0.12), respecting patients (0.91 ± 0.18), ending communication (0.98 ± 0.08). Conclusions The nurse-patient communication skills of the nursing interns were at a relatively high level. They could conduct the effective communication according to the communication procedures in the sequence of communication preparation, information collection, information sending, respect patients and ending communication. But they are weak in the procedures of information collection and information sending. Therefore, some special trains, such as case analysis, can be done to improve the ability in these procedures.

Effect of psychological counseling skills on nurse-patient communication / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of psychological counseling skills on medical treatment and satisfaction degree of patients in hospital.Methods Toally 60 discharged patients during December 2015 were assigned as the control group and another discharged one during January 2016 as the intervention group.Training on psychological counseling skills was done for the nurses by the psychological counselor in the intervention group while the control group was not.The two groups were compared on the basis of investigation with the patient's consultation experience scale as well as the medical satisfaction questionnaire.Result The satisfaction levels of consultation experience and medical consultation satisfaction in the intervention group were both higher than those of the control group (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Psychological counseling skills used in the nurse patient communication can enhance the patient's medical experience and their satisfaction with medical treatment.

Evaluación de la percepción de pacientes sobre el comportamiento de comunicación del personal de enfermería: diseño y validación en población mexicana / Evaluation of the patient's perception on the communication behavior of the nursing personnel: design and validation in the Mexican population

ANTECEDENTES: La comunicación enfermera-paciente es fundamental para la aplicación de los cuidados en salud. El presente estudio aborda la percepción de pacientes sobre la comunicación verbal y no verbal con sus enfermeras. Entre los instrumentos para su evaluación destaca la Herramienta para la Evaluación del Cuidado (CAT por sus siglas en inglés), pero diferencias culturales y educativas de la población mexicana limitan su aplicabilidad en nuestro contexto.OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar un instrumento sobre la percepción de los pacientes sobre el comportamiento de comunicación de enfermeras (denominado CECOP), en función de lo que observan pacientes mexicanos.MÉTODO: Con base en una entrevista exploratoria a 29 pacientes, se diseñó el CECOP con 25 reactivos, se estableció validez de contenido con jueces expertos (eliminando dos reactivos) y se aplicó a 150 pacientes. Se empleó análisis factorial con método de extracción de análisis de componentes principales y rotación Varimax. Se estableció la validez convergente entre el CECOP y el CAT y entre el CECOP y escalas numéricas que valoraron comprensión empática y satisfacción del paciente.RESULTADOS: La validez de constructo lo redujo a diez reactivos en dos factores (empatía y respeto); con Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y prueba de Bartlett estadísticamente significativas (p≤.001). La varianza explicada fue de 54.58%. La correlación entre los puntajes totales del CECOP (10 reactivos) y el CAT fue .459, el CECOP y la escala de comprensión fue .419; el CECOP y la escala de satisfacción, .495; todas, estadísticamente significativas (p≤.001).DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: El CECOP permite evaluar los cuidados profesionales en su dimensión humana, desde la percepción de los pacientes, y sugerir propuestas para mejorar la comunicación de las enfermeras.

BACKGROUND: Nurse-patient communication has been established as a key component of professional healthcare. The present study examined the patients' perception of the verbal and non-verbal communication skills of nurses. Although the Caring Assessment Tool (CAT) stands among the instruments available to evaluate these communication skills, cultural and schooling characteristics limit its direct applicability to the Mexican context.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument on the patient-recorded Nurse Communication Behavior (CECOP, for its acronym in Spanish) based on the Mexican patient's experience.METHOD: Based on exploratory interviews with 29 patients, a first draft of the CECOP was designed. The instrument was validated by independent expert judges and after the elimination of two items it was used with 150 patients. The validity was assessed by a factor analysis extraction through Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation. Convergence validity was established between the CAT and the CECOP and between the CECOP and numeric scales that evaluate empathy and patient satisfaction.RESULTS: Construct Validity reduced the CECOP to 10 items in two factors (empathy and respect) with statistically significant KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Bartlett's Test (p≤.001). The explained variation was 54.58%. The correlation between the CECOP score (10 items) and the CAT was .459. Between the CECOP and the empathy scale and between the CECOP and the satisfaction scale the correlations were .419 and .495, respectively. All correlations were statistically significant (p≤.001).DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The CECOP can be used to evaluate professional care in its human dimension from the patient's perspective and to suggest improvements in the nurses communication.

Analysis of Introspecting Diary of Early Stage Clinical Communication in Nursing Students / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the communication problems among nursing students in early clinical prac-tice, and to provide reference for clinical nursing education .Methods:Introspecting diary of the clinical communi-cation in nursing students were classified and analyzed by using qualitative research method .Results:5 themes were extracted as following: barriers for communication between nurses and patients , reflection on patient , nurse occupation , clinical teaching and critical reflection on public opinion .Conclusion:Introspecting diary is important to help teachers in teaching , to guide and cultivate nursing students to develop their interpersonal communication competence .

Argumentativeness and attitudes toward thinking and learning in clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate and compare the argumentativeness and attitudes towards thinking and learning between clinical nurses in general adult wards and wards for patients requiring particularity healthcare for the identification and development of core communication skills.Mettods “Argumentativeness Scale” and “Attitudes toward Thinking and Learning Survey” in Chinese were used to measure a convenience sample of 504 clinical nurses in seven hospitals.Results The scores in items reflecting rationality,positivism,empathy and acceptance in 247 nurses in wards for particularity heahhcare were significantly different from those nurses working in internal medical wards for adults with internal medical problems.Conclusions To develop harmonious interpersonal relationships in nurses,we should strengthen competencies in emotional regulation and rational thinking in nurses in wards for adults with in-ternal medical problems.

Interacción enfermera-paciente y su repercusión en el cuidado hospitalario: Parte II / Nurse-patient interaction and its repercussion to hospital care: Part II

Se realizó una amplia búsqueda en diversas bases de datos a partir de los descriptores: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, satisfacción por el cuidado de enfermería y entrenamientos en técnicas de comunicación, con el fin de profundizar en el tema de la interacción enfermera-paciente por la importancia que esta tiene en el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de las enfermeras. Se establecen tres ejes de estudio: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, calidad y satisfacción derivada del cuidado, y efectividad de los entrenamientos en habilidades para la comunicación. La revisión permite identificar que este tema ha sido analizado desde hace mucho tiempo y en diferentes países, los estudios se han relacionado con la calidad de los servicios de enfermería y han motivado el planteamiento de estrategias educativas para desarrollar y mejorar la interacción enfermera-paciente como actitud profesional esencial. Los estudios realizados ofrecen elementos de apoyo para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área, pero en algunos casos muestran limitaciones o carencias, así como resultados contradictorios que pueden ser tomadas en cuenta por las personas interesadas en el diseño de estudios relacionados con el tema.

In order to deepen into the highly important topic nurse-patient interaction for the professional practice of nurses, a database search using the descriptors; nurse-patient interaction/communication, nurse healthcare satisfaction, and communication skills training, was conducted. As a result, three study axes were established; nurse-patient interaction/communication, care-derived quality and satisfaction, and communication skills training effectiveness. This review reveals that this topic has been extensively analyzed throughout time and among different countries. These studies have been related to quality in nursing services, and have motivated the design of strategies to develop and improve the nurse-patient interaction as an essential professional attitude. Furthermore, although these studies offer elements to support the research development in this area, some of them have shown limitations o deficiencies, as well as contradictory results, which should be considered by researchers interested in the design of studies related to this topic.

Interacción enfermera-paciente y su repercusión en el cuidado hospitalario: Parte I / Nurse-patient interaction and its repercussion to hospital care: Part 1

Se realizó una amplia búsqueda en diversas bases de datos a partir de los descriptores: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, satisfacción por el cuidado de enfermería y entrenamientos en técnicas de comunicación, con el fin de profundizar en el tema de la interacción enfermera-paciente por la importancia que esta tiene en el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de las enfermeras. Se establecen tres ejes de estudio: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, calidad y satisfacción derivada del cuidado, y efectividad de los entrenamientos en habilidades para la comunicación. La revisión permite identificar que este tema ha sido analizado desde hace mucho tiempo y en diferentes países, los estudios se han relacionado con la calidad de los servicios de enfermería y han motivado el planteamiento de estrategias educativas para desarrollar y mejorar la interacción enfermera-paciente como actitud profesional esencial. Los estudios realizados ofrecen elementos de apoyo para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área, pero en algunos casos muestran limitaciones o carencias, así como resultados contradictorios que pueden ser tomadas en cuenta por las personas interesadas en el diseño de estudios relacionados con el tema.

In order to deepen into the highly important topic nurse-patient interaction for the professional practice of nurses, a. database search using the descriptors: nurse-patient interaction/communication, nurse healthcare satisfaction, and communication skills training, was conducted. As a result, three study axes were established; nurse-patient interaction/communication, care-derived quality and satisfaction, and communication skills training effectiveness. This review reveals that this topic has been extensively analyzed throughout time and among different countries. These studies have been related to quality in nursing services, and have motivated the design of strategies to develop and improve the nurse-patient interaction as an essential professional attitude. Furthermore, although these studies offer elements to support the research development in this area, some of them have shown limitations o deficiencies, as well as contradictory results, which should be considered by researchers interested in the design of studies related to this topic.

Application of nurse-patient communication skill in nursing of dermatology department / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the nurse-patient communication before and after nurse-patient communication training. Methods Using self-made questionnaire to investigate patients who were admitted from June to December 2010 and hospital stay longer than 3 days. Results After training, problems between nurses and patients communication significantly reduced; nurses could use verbal communication and non-verbal communication properly; the harmonious rate between nurses and patients increased from 38.6% to 57.0%; patients satisfaction degree increased from 80.2% to 93.8%. Conclusions The nurse-patient communication and targeted training have an important significance for dermatology nurses to improve communication skills.

The cultivation of the ability of nurse interns' nurse-patient communication in emergency department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The article analyzes the problems of nurse-patient communication in nurse interns,and proposes the strategies of cultivating nurse-patient communication ability to reduce nurse-patient disputes and improve the overall quality of nursing students.

Compilation and clinical application of "care operation and integration of nurse-patient communication program" / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To compile "care operation and integration of nurse-patient communication program"and discuss its clinical application effect in older to improve the nursing care operations, communication and ability to communicate with patients and building a harmonious relationship between nurses and patients to improve quality of care. Methods We investigated and studied the problems existed in communicating with patients during care operations and put forward the concept of operation and integration of communication, compiled "nursing operation and integration of nurse-patient communication procedures" and put it into clinical application. Results Satisfaction degree surveys after application showed that patients' satisfaction degree increased and communication skills of nursing students increased. Conclusions Application of "nursing and the nurse-patient communication integration process" improved patients' satisfaction degree and make the nurse-patient relationship more harmonious.

Discussion on Training the Nurse-patient Communication Skills of Nursing Students / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To explore the method of traing Nurse-patient communication skills of nursing students. Methods By strengthening the theoretical knowledge students learn and improve the quality of teachers in the humanities, and students in teaching and training activities to increase students awareness of the communication skills of students. Result The communication skills of students had been improved. Conclusions Nursing education should focus on training students in communication skills, encourage students to master nurse-patient communication skills.

Ten Skills of Nurse-Patient Communication and Their Application / 中国医学伦理学

Most medical disputes in clinical practice are resulted from misunderstandings or obstacles in the communication between nurses and patients.This paper summarizes ten skills of nurse-patient communication including compellation,primary impression communication,conversation skill,breakthrough point selection,conversation style selection,listening skill,inquiry skill,inform skill,persuasion skill,comforting skill,and skill of mental suggestion,aiming to solve medical disputes,build up a friend-like relationship between patients and nurses,and promote nursing service.