Effects of balanced diet associated with sports on the health of obese university students / Análise dos efeitos da dieta balanceada associada aos esportes na saúde dos estudantes universitários obesos / Análisis de los efectos de la dieta equilibrada asociada al deporte en la salud de estudiantes universitarios obesos

ABSTRACT Introduction The student, when entering university, is subject to new cycles and major changes in his routine, which includes exercise and nutritious habits. Objective Explore the effect of a balanced diet and physical exercise on the health of university students. Methods Through literature studies, a questionnaire was developed where the physical condition, nutritional habits, dietary structure, and exercise practice of obese college students were investigated and analyzed. Results The BMI index of those investigated exceeded the standard limit of BMI > 25. The longer the time of physical exercise, the more evident the difference between male and female students in terms of physical endurance factor. The body weight, BMI, and body fat index of both groups showed a downward trend after the intervention. Six weeks of aerobic exercise combined with a proper diet can significantly improve body mass index, body mass index, and physiological and biochemical indices of obese college students. Conclusion Balanced diet and exercise positively affect the health of obese college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O estudante, ao ingressar na universidade, está sujeito a novos ciclos e grandes mudanças em sua rotina, que inclui os hábitos de exercício e alimentares. Objetivo Explorar o efeito de uma dieta balanceada e exercícios físicos na saúde de estudantes universitários. Métodos Através de estudos da literatura, elaborou-se um questionário onde foram investigadas e analisadas a condição física, os hábitos alimentares, a estrutura alimentar e a prática de exercícios nos universitários com obesidade. Resultados o índice de IMC dos investigados ultrapassou o limite padrão de IMC > 25. Quanto maior o tempo de exercício físico, mais evidente é a diferença entre estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino no fator da resistência física. O peso corporal, IMC e índice de gordura corporal dos dois grupos apresentaram tendência de queda após a intervenção. Seis semanas de exercícios aeróbicos combinados com dieta razoável podem melhorar significativamente o índice de massa corporal, índice de massa corporal e índices fisiológicos e bioquímicos de estudantes universitários obesos. Conclusão Dieta balanceada e exercício físico possuem um efeito positivo sobre a saúde dos estudantes universitários obesos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El estudiante, al entrar en la universidad, se ve sometido a nuevos ciclos y a grandes cambios en su rutina, que incluye el ejercicio y los hábitos alimenticios. Objetivo Explorar el efecto de una dieta equilibrada y el ejercicio físico en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos A través de estudios bibliográficos, se elaboró un cuestionario en el que se investigó y analizó la condición física, los hábitos alimentarios, la estructura de la dieta y la práctica de ejercicio en estudiantes universitarios con obesidad. Resultados El índice de IMC de los investigados superaba el límite estándar de IMC > 25. Cuanto mayor es el tiempo de ejercicio físico, más evidente es la diferencia entre los alumnos y las alumnas en el factor de resistencia física. El peso corporal, el IMC y el índice de grasa corporal de ambos grupos mostraron una tendencia a disminuir después de la intervención. Seis semanas de ejercicios aeróbicos combinados con una dieta razonable pueden mejorar significativamente el índice de masa corporal, el índice de masa corporal y los índices fisiológicos y bioquímicos de los estudiantes universitarios obesos. Conclusión La dieta equilibrada y el ejercicio tienen un efecto positivo en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios obesos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Investigation on nutritional health knowledge among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the awareness of nutritional health knowledge regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into nutrition and health education among unpaid blood donors.@*Methods@#The regular unpaid blood donors were sampled using a convenient sampling method from Zhoushan Central Blood Station from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. The nutritional health knowledge was investigated using the Chinese Nutrition Health Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults compiled by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the awareness and source of nutritional health knowledge was descriptively analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 526 questionnaires were allocated, and 502 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.44%. The respondents included 240 men (47.81%) and 262 women (52.19%), and included 343 individuals at ages of 18 to 44 years (68.33%), and 159 individuals at ages of 45 years and older (31.67%). The overall awareness of nutritional health knowledge was 14.54% among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, and a higher awareness was seen among female regular unpaid blood donors (17.56%) than among males (11.25%) (P<0.05), while the awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents at ages of 18 to 44 years than among those at ages of 45 years and older (16.91% vs. 9.43%, P<0.05). The awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents with an educational level of junior college and above than among those with an educational level of high school/technical secondary school/technical school (17.24% vs. 12.22%, P<0.05), and the awareness was significantly higher among respondents with healthcare-related occupations than among those with other occupations (16.44% vs. 14.22%, P<0.05). Wechat, Weibo, Tik Tok and Kuaishou were main routes to obtain nutritional health knowledge (83.86%).@*Conclusions@#The awareness of nutritional health knowledge is low among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City. Men, middle-aged and elderly residents and residents with a low educational level are targets that should be given a high priority for nutritional health education, and new media may be fully utilized for nutritional health education.

Programa Saúde na Escola: desafios e possibilidades para promover saúde na perspectiva da alimentação saudável / School Health Program: challenges and possibilities for health promotion from the perspective of healthy eating

RESUMO O Programa Saúde na Escola elege a promoção da saúde como diretriz para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde na escola. O objetivo foi identificar e analisar fortalezas, oportunidades, fragilidades e ameaças ao programa para implementar ações de promoção da saúde que promovem hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Esta revisão, de abordagem qualitativa, selecionou 29 artigos de avaliação do programa, publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Pela Matriz Fofa, a análise agrupou os resultados em: Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças. Entre as fortalezas, destacaram-se a proximidade dos setores de saúde e educação e a integração entre escola, unidade de saúde e família. Como oportunidades, observou-se a possibilidade de planejamento intersetorial para promoção da saúde. As fragilidades referem-se à desarticulação intersetorial, à falta de formação e à predominância de ações biomédicas. As ameaças encontradas demonstram a centralização do poder na saúde e a aproximação dos escolares ao serviço de saúde sem uma compreensão ampliada da promoção da saúde, oportunizando a medicalização. Conclui-se que é possível desenvolver ações educativas intersetoriais para promoção da alimentação saudável nos serviços básicos envolvendo os escolares e suas famílias. Essas ações devem ser priorizadas nas agendas públicas a fim de viabilizar sua prática cotidiana nos serviços.

ABSTRACT The School Health Program (PSE) elects health promotion as a guideline for developing health actions at school. The aim is to identify and analyze the program's strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats to implement health-promoting actions that promote healthy eating habits. This review, of qualitative approach, comprises 29 articles of evaluation of the program published between 2015 and 2021. By the SWOT matrix, the analysis grouped the results into Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Threats. Among the strengths, the proximity of the health and education sectors and the integration between the school, health unit, and family stood out; as opportunities, the possibility of intersectoral planning for health promotion was observed. The weaknesses refer to the intersectoral disarticulation, the lack of training, and the predominance of biomedical actions. The threats found demonstrate the centralization of power in health and the schoolchildren's approach to the health service without a broader understanding of health promotion, providing opportunities for medicalization. It is concluded that it is possible to develop intersectoral educational actions to promote healthy eating in basic services involving schoolchildren and their families. This practice should be prioritized in public agendas in order to enable its daily practice in services.

Food Insecurity Is Linked to Dietary Intake but Not Growth of Children in the Caribbean

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine food insecurity and its relationship with children's nutritional health. Methods: The data for the 390 children, aged 7-12 years and their caregivers, recruited from eight schools in Trinidad and seven schools in St. Kitts in 2013-2014 from a study dealing with food and nutrition security were used for this study. Food insecurity was assessed using the USDA's Household Food Security Survey Module, and 24-hour dietary recall of the children was assessed in home interviews. The children's height and weight were measured, and a capillary blood sample was collected at their schools. Results: Overall, 41.5% of the caregivers reported household food insecurity, with 15% of the children living in households with very low food security. Daily intakes of protein and zinc were higher among the children from the 'food secure' vs the 'food insecure' households (protein, 59.6 ± 31.5 g vs 50.9 ± 24.4 g, p = 0.003; zinc, 7.33 ± 5.02 mg vs 6.20 ± 3.47 mg, p = 0.004, respectively). There were no other differences in their dietary intake. The children's body mass index z-score, weight status and height-for-age z-score were not associated with their food security status, and there was no evidence of stunting in either group. Anaemia, however, was prevalent (30%) and higher among the children from the food insecure households (39% vs 23%; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Household food insecurity was was associated with lower intakes of some nutrients, and anaemia rates were higher among the children living in food insecure households but food insecurity was not related to the indicators of growth or weight status.

O mal-estar docente nas discussões sobre ensino nutrição: falas de professoras da educação básica em fóruns virtuais / Teachers malaise in discussions about teaching nutrition: speeches of basic education teachers in virtual forums / El malestar docente en las discusiones sobre nutrición: relatos de profesoras de la educación básica en foros virtuales

Resumo As expectativas institucionais e sociais relacionadas ao trabalho docente intensificaram-se. A atividade docente é hoje caracterizada pela precarização do trabalho, associada a uma concepção da escola como empresa, na qual são frequentes os múltiplos vínculos de trabalho com elevada carga horária, com consequências negativas sobre a saúde docente. No presente estudo, relatamos achados qualitativos obtidos da análise de postagens de professoras da educação básica em um fórum virtual sobre educação nutricional. Tais discussões espontâneas das professoras revelaram um contraste entre a intensa preocupação com a saúde nutricional de seus alunos que mascara a atenção a essas questões em relação a si mesmas. A incorporação pelas professoras de expectativas socialmente impostas no sentido de solucionarem questões complexas como a obesidade entre estudantes parece adquirir tais dimensões que obliteram a discussão à própria saúde nutricional. Essas expectativas, quando impostas sem os meios para seu atendimento podem contribuir para o sofrimento docente. Destacamos, ainda, a importância da existência de espaços e condições de escuta de professores envolvidos com a educação sobre temas de saúde nas escolas.

Abstract Institutional and social expectations related to teaching work have intensified. The teaching activity is nowadays characterized by precarious work, associated with a conception of the school as a company, in which multiple work links with a high workload are frequent, with negative consequences on teaching health. In the present study, we report qualitative findings obtained from the analysis of posts by teachers of basic education in a virtual forum on nutrition education. Such spontaneous discussions by the teachers revealed a contrast between the intense concern with the nutritional health of their students that masks the attention to these issues in relation to themselves. The incorporation of socially imposed expectations by teachers in order to solve complex issues such as obesity among students seems to acquire such dimensions that obliterate the discussion on nutritional health itself. These expectations, when imposed without the means to meet them, can contribute to teacher suffering. We also highlight the importance of the existence of spaces and listening conditions for teachers involved in education on health issues in schools.

Resumen Las expectativas institucionales y sociales relacionadas al trabajo docente se intensificaron. La actividad docente actualmente se caracteriza por la precariedad del trabajo, asociada a un concepto que se tiene de la escuela como empresa, en la que son frecuentes los diversos vínculos laborales con una alta carga de horas de trabajo, lo que acarreta consecuencias negativas en la salud docente. En este estudio, relatamos hallazgos cualitativos obtenidos del análisis de publicaciones de profesoras de la educación básica en un foro virtual sobre educación nutricional. Tales discusiones espontáneas de las profesoras revelaron un contraste entre la intensa preocupación con la salud nutricional de sus alunos que enmascaran la atención a esas cuestiones en relación a si misma. La incorporación por parte de las profesoras de expectativas socialmente impuestas a fin de resolver cuestiones complejas como la obesidad entre los estudiantes parece adquirir dimensiones que destruyeron la discusión de la propia salud nutricional. Esas expectativas, cuando son impuestas sin los medios para su atención pueden contribuir para el sufrimiento docente. Destacamos, también, la importancia de la existencia de espacios y condiciones para escuchar a los profesores involucrados en la educación sobre temas de salud en las escuelas.

Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by degree of cognitive function / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among cognitive function, nutrition screening initiative (NSI) score, and food intake status. METHODS: A total of 409 subjects aged over 60 years were recruited from the Yongin dementia prevention and control center. Mini Mental State Examination Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) method was used to assess the cognitive function of the subjects. Information on health related behaviors and food intake was collected by face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires included the NSI DETERMINE checklist, food intake sheets by 24 hr recall method and by semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Subjects were divided into low cognitive or normal groups according to the MMSE-DS result. The prevalence of low cognitive function in the subjects was 25.7%. The low cognitive group exercised less and had higher nutritional health risk than the normal group. The low cognitive group had lower consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acid and higher tendency of thiamin, riboflavin, and iron deficiency. The low cognitive group had less frequency of eating mackerel, pepper, tangerine, and watermelon and higher frequency of eating white rice and cookies than the normal group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study imply that the cognitive function of elderly is related to exercise behavior, nutritional health risk, and food and nutrient intake status.