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Background: Museum specimens for anatomical and pathological studies are commonly mounted for display inKaiserling’s solution-filled jar. The present study was designed to demonstrate and compare a new method ofsupporting museum specimens in a jar known as Plastic pole method (PPM) with previous methods [Nylon tread(NTM) and Plastic bottle methods (PBM)].Materials and Methods: Two specimens for mounting were obtained from the Teaching Laboratory of theDepartment of Anatomy, UNEC. The specimens were bisected and each half was supported using either of 3mounting methods (PPM, NTM, and PBM) in museum jars using the standard Kaiserling’s technique. The mountedspecimens were exhibited to fifty (50) participants (10 staff and 40 students) of the Department of MedicalLaboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered for evaluation of the exhibitsunder the following criteria: clarity, multi-viewing points, stability of the specimen on its support materials,transparency of the museum mounts, and aesthetic outlook. The quality index of each method was determinedfrom the scores of the participants. Data obtained were statistically analysed and p values <0.05 were consideredsignificant.Results: Quality index scores of 86.82%, 69.76%, and 77.76%, for PPM, NTM, and PBM respectively. On claritybasis, PBM had the highest score of 212, while NTM had the lowest score of 172. PPM had the best scores for allother criteria.Conclusion: The novel method demonstrated in the present study (Plastic pole method) is readily available, easyand effective for learning. Thus, it appears to be a promising technique for the mounting of anatomic pathologicalspecimens in a medical museum
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare for the treatment of colorectal polyps.MethodsThe clinical data of 345 patients with colorectal polyps who received the treatment of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2006 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Complications including bleeding and perforation were observed.Postoperative wound healing and local residual recurrence were assessed during follow-up.ResultsA total of 362 colorectal polyps were successfully removed.The mean diameter of the colorectal polyps was 2.7 cm (range,1.5-4.0 cm). Operative bleeding occurred in 1 patient,and perforation in 1 patient.The results of histological examination showed that 93.6％(339/362) colorectal polyps were adenoma,17 were hyperplastic polyps,5 were inflammatory polyps,and caneeration of colorectal polyps in 1 patient was detected.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 334 patients at the first month after operation,and 9 patients with residual benign colorectal polyps received endoscopic resection.No residue or recurrence was found in the other patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 308 patients at the second months after operation,and no residue or recurrence was found.The overall effective rate was 97.1％ (299/308).ConclusionEndoscopic nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare is effective and safe for the treatment of colorectal polyps.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 4 types of endoscopic nylon ligation in the treatment of submucosal tumors in upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods Those with submucosal tumors located in esophagus, stomach or duodenum were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with endoscopic nylon ligation, which included direct ligation, ligation with a transparent cap, ligation with dual-channel endoscope, and ligation in combination with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).The patients were followed up endoscopically for evaluation of efficacy and safety of the procedures. Results A total of 128 patients were recruited into the present study from June 2006 to December 2008. The tumors were in esophagus in 28 patients, in stomach in 82 and in duodenum in 18. Direct ligation was applied in 3 patients, ligation with a transparent cap in 105, ligation with a dual-channel endoscope in 8, and ligation plus ESD in 12. Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 111 patients. Reduced lesion size was observed in 16 patients ( 14. 4% ), residue nylon in 16 ( 14. 4% ) and no lesion in 71 others (63.9%). The overall effective rate was 92.8%. No delayed perforation or bleeding occurred. Conclusion Endoscopic ligation with nylon thread in combination with other assistant approaches is effective and safe for the treatment of submucosal tumors in upper gastrointestinal tract.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Local drug delivery to the bile duct may be effective to prevent proliferative cholangitis (PC) through capability of high dose administeration with minimal systemic side effects. Paclitaxel is an anticancer drug whose side effect on the stabilization of microtubule leads to cell death. The aims of this study were to establish the proliferative cholangitis model in rat, mimicking biliary stricture in human, and to test whether paclitaxel-coated nylon thread prevents biliary stricture in a PC model of rat. METHODS: PC was induced by introducing a fine nylon thread into the bile duct in a rat from 1 week to 4 week. To evaluate the effects of paclitaxel as a locally-delivered anti-proliferative drug, dog gallbladder epithelial cells were exposed to sequential concentrations of paclitaxel (0.1microM, 1microM, 10microM, and 100microM) for 20 min. in vitro, and inhibition of proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine uptake assay. Paclitaxel- coated 5-0 nylon threads (1.8+/-0.5 ug/3 cm thread, measured by HPLC) were made by immersion of ethanolic paclitaxel (50 mg/ml) and evaporation of the solvent. Nylon threads were inserted into the bile duct of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200~50 g. Paclitaxel (n=15) and control (n=15) groups were divided with or without paclitaxel-coating procedure. The paclitaxel effects were assessed by histomorphological examination one week after thread implantation. RESULTS: The decrease of (3)H-thymidine uptake was observed at 100microM of paclitaxel exposured for 20 minutes in the presence of epidermal growth factor (50 nM/ml) than control. PC model characterized by epithelial-glandular proliferation and fibrous thickening of the bile duct wall through 1~ week. This model was established at 1 week. The effect of paclitaxel-coated nylon thread into the bile duct were evaluated after 1 week. In paclitaxel treated the luminal area, luminal length and the ratio of lumen to bile duct cross sectional area increased by 276% (p=0.044), 87% (p=0.012) and by 330% (p=0.000), respectively, versus control. The total wall area, epithelial-glandular area, and stromal area were similar between paclitaxel treated group and control (p>0.05). The bile duct wall thickness of paclitaxel group decreased by 33% (p=0.011, 273 (90)microM vs 410 (95)microM, paclitaxel vs control). CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel-coated nylon thread into bile duct was effective for the suppression of luminal stenosis, and may offer a therapeutic option for biliary stricture and biliary stricture associated disease.