Precipitation explains Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) occupancy patterns in Northern Costa Rica / Patrones de ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque (Hylocichla mustelina) explicados por la precipitación en el Norte de Costa Rica

Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

The application of positron emission tomography in the research and development of central nervous system drugs / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Positron emission tomography (PET) now plays an important role in the research and development (R&D) of central nervous system (CNS) drugs. PET could characterize the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and receptor binding of CNS drugs quantitatively. The present review summarized the quantitative methods of PET used in the pharmacokinetics and receptor occupancy analysis of CNS drugs. Moreover, the present review listed various applications of PET supporting R&D of CNS drugs, which could provide a new direction for the R&D of CNS drugs.

Gerenciamento de Leitos: do Planejamento à Implementação em um Serviço Hospitalar / Hospital bed management: from planning to implementation in a hospital service

Objetivo: A falta de leitos hospitalares no Brasil é queixa comum entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da construção de um Serviço de Gerenciamento de leitos e apresentar a atuação do enfermeiro como gestor, em prol da visibilidade e fortalecimento da classe de enfermagem. Método: Relato de experiência da implementação da gestão de leitos de um hospital público estadual de médio porte, em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Resultado: A partir da implantação houve mudanças no perfil dos indicadores dos setores assistencias, com a utilização dos leitos aproveitados em sua capacidade máxima. Observou-se a diminuição da fila de espera para internação em consequência do acesso oportuno e ordenado à vaga. Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que o gerenciamento de leitos é efetivo e eficiente na gestão hospitalar com resultados operacionais e financeiros satisfatórios e um fator preponderante para a segurança e satisfação dos clientes.(AU)

Objective: The lack of hospital beds in Brazil is a common complaint among users of the Unified Health System. Objective: To report the experience of the construction of a Bed Management Service and to present the nurse's role as manager, for the visibility and strengthening of the nursing class. Method: Experience report of the implementation of bed management in a public hospital of medium size, in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Result: From the implementation there were changes in the profile of the indicators of the care sectors, with the use of beds used to their maximum capacity. A reduction in the waiting list for hospitalization was observed as a result of the timely and orderly access to vacancies. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the management of beds is effective and efficient in hospital management with satisfactory operational and financial results and a preponderant factor for the customers' safety and satisfaction.(AU)

Objetivo: La falta de camas hospitalarias en Brasil es una queja común entre los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de la construcción de un Servicio de Gestión de camas y presentar la actuación de la enfermera como gestora, para la visibilidad y fortalecimiento de la clase de enfermería. Método: Relato de experiência da implementação da gestão de lechos de um hospital público estadual de médio porte, em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Resultado: A partir da implementação houve mudanças no perfil dos indicadores dos setores assistência, com o uso de camas utilizadas ao seu máximo de capacidade. Observou-se a diminuição da fila de espera para internação em consequência do acesso oportuno e ordenado à vaga. Conclusão: É possível inferir que a gestão de camas é eficaz e eficiente na gestão hospitalar com resultados operacionais e financeiros satisfatórios e um factor preponderante para a segurança e satisfação dos clientes.(AU)

Relationship of Physical Environmental Conditions of Houses with the Incidence of Pneumonia among Children under Five

@#Introduction: In 2019, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children under the age of five. In 2017, pneumonia killed 808,694 children under five, accounting for 15% of all fatalities among children under the age of five. Methods: An observational analytic survey with a case control design was used as the study approach. The research samples were collected using a simple random sampling procedure with 48 children under the age of five separated into two groups, 24 samples for the case group and 24 samples for the control group. The research was carried out between February and July of 2020. This study tools used were observation sheets and rollmeters.The data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between incidence of pneumonia in children under five with different variables, respectively, ventilation area, floor type, wall type, presence of smoke hole. Conclusion: It implies that the community should pay attention to the overall condition of the house, one of which is by improving home ventilation, adjusting the room area to the number of occupants, quitting smoking in the house, and cleaning the floor more often.

Recusa de leitos e triagem de pacientes admitidos nas unidades de terapia intensiva do Brasil: estudo transversal do tipo survey nacional / Refusal of beds and triage of patients admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a cross-sectional national survey

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer dados sobre recusa de leitos nas unidades intensivas no Brasil, assim como avaliar o uso de sistemas de triagem pelos profissionais atuantes. Métodos: Estudo transversal do tipo survey. Com a metodologia Delphi, foi criado um questionário contemplando os objetivos do trabalho. Foram convidados médicos e enfermeiros inscritos na rede de pesquisa da Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIBnet). Uma plataforma da web (SurveyMonkey®) foi a forma de aplicação do questionário. As variáveis deste trabalho foram mensuradas em categorias e expressas como proporção. Foram usados o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher, para verificar associações. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: No total, 231 profissionais responderam o questionário, representando todas as regiões do país. As unidades intensivas nacionais tinham mais de 90% de taxa de ocupação sempre ou frequentemente para 90,8% dos participantes. Dentre os participantes, 84,4% já deixaram de admitir pacientes em leito intensivo devido à lotação da unidade. Metade das instituições brasileiras (49,7%) não possuía protocolos de triagem de leitos intensivos instituídos. Conclusão: A recusa de leito pela alta taxa de ocupação é frequente nas unidades de terapia intensiva do Brasil. Ainda assim, metade dos serviços do Brasil não adota protocolos para triagem de leitos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To obtain data on bed refusal in intensive care units in Brazil and to evaluate the use of triage systems by professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey. Using the Delphi methodology, a questionnaire was created contemplating the objectives of the study. Physicians and nurses enrolled in the research network of the Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIBnet) were invited to participate. A web platform (SurveyMonkey®) was used to distribute the questionnaire. The variables in this study were measured in categories and expressed as proportions. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to verify associations. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: In total, 231 professionals answered the questionnaire, representing all regions of the country. The national intensive care units had an occupancy rate of more than 90% always or frequently for 90.8% of the participants. Among the participants, 84.4% had already refused admitting patients to the intensive care unit due to the capacity of the unit. Half of the Brazilian institutions (49.7%) did not have triage protocols for admission to intensive beds. Conclusions: Bed refusal due to high occupancy rates is common in Brazilian intensive care units. Even so, half of the services in Brazil do not adopt protocols for triage of beds.

El desafío del Hospital Regional de alta especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús" ante la nueva pandemia de SARS-CoV-2: la ocupación hospitalaria / The challenge of the high speciality Hospital "Dr. Juan Graham Casasus" in the face of the new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the bed occupancy

Al inicio de la pandemia en México, el Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús" contaba con 156 camas para la atención de pacientes críticos por sintomatología correspondiente a COVID-19, para abordar esto, se incrementó en un 50% la capacidad hospitalaria durante el periodo crítico. En los primeros 6 meses de pandemia se brindó atención a cerca del 60% de la población de la región que requirió atención especializada por COVID-19 pero a pesar de los resultados se concluye que COVID-19 representa un importante desafío en el sureste de México. Sobre la base de los resultados actuales se evidencia la necesidad de integrar la detección del SARS-CoV-2 de manera rutinaria reconociendo una nueva normalidad en un hospital de tercer nivel en Tabasco, México

At the beginning of the pandemic in Mexico, the "Dr. Juan Garaham Casasús" Hospital had 156 beds for the care of critical patients due to symptoms corresponding to COVID-19. To address this, hospital capacity increased by 50% during the critical period. In the first six months of the pandemic, care was provided to about 60% of the population in the region that required specialized care for COVID-19, still despite the results, it concluded that COVID-19 represents a challenge in the southeast of Mexico and based on the current results, it is evident the need to integrate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 routinely, recognizing a new normal in a tertiary hospital in Tabasco, Mexico.

Water quality challenges in buildings during prolonged low or no occupancy: a cause for concern during COVID-19 lockdowns and related building closures

Introduction: In compliance with the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, many nonessential workplaces and public spaces were closed or left sub-operational with no or low occupancy for several months. The abrupt and unprecedented long periods of building closures have raised concerns about the proliferation of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens that may be a biohazard for returning occupants. Objective: In this review paper, we discuss microbiological water quality concerns during periods of no or low occupancy, as experienced during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles using specific keywords. The literature search was extended to grey literature. The paper focuses on Legionella, as a pathogen of concern, in building water systems that are not well managed and the potential risks to workers and other occupants. Results: Most articles suggest a positive relationship between stagnation or reduced water usage and compromised microbiological quality of building water systems, but the effects are site-specific and are associated with biofilm formation and disinfectant decline. Considerations for building water risk assessment are discussed as a decision-making framework for selecting appropriate responses to anticipated changes in water quality. Conclusion: The unprecedented building closures due to COVID-19 lockdowns present a hazardous event likely to impact building water quality. Building owners and facility managers, especially in high-risk settings, should consider conducting risk assessments of water systems during low-occupancy periods to identify potential risks and apply appropriate corrective measures, where necessary.

Application of multimedia information technology on precision radiotherapy for patients with head and neck malignant tumors / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the effects of multimedia information technologies on precision radiotherapy of head and neck malignant tumors (HNT). Methods A total of 96 patients with HNT recruited from 2016 to 2019 were randomly assignedto group A and group B with the same planning methodand therapists/technicians. Conventional and multimedia information technologies were respectively used in group A and group B for medical science popularization, individualized education, and doctor-patient communication before radiotherapy planning and positioning. Medical compliance, radiotherapy responses, setup errors, and machine occupancy time were investigated. Results Medical compliance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group A (96.5%) than in group B (73.8%). Skin acute radiation reaction was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group A than in group B. Three-dimensional absolute setup errors were 0.69 ± 0.29 mm, 0.97 ± 0.69 mm, and 0.79 ± 0.47 mm in group A, which were significantly lower than 1.39 ± 0.81 mm, 1.87 ± 1.19 mm, and 2.50 ± 0.99 mm in group B(P < 0.05). Traditional three-dimensional setup errors were 0.73 ± 0.39 mm, 0.51 ± 0.69 mm, and 0.74 ± 0.17 mm in group A, which were significantly lower than 1.32 ± 0.76 mm, 1.89 ± 1.21 mm, and 1.37 ± 0.57 mm in group B (P < 0.05). Planning time was 145.15 ± 28.45 sin group A, which was significantly lower than 240.38 ± 50.45 sin group B (P < 0.05). Positioning time was 115.15 ± 18.45 s in group A, which was significantly lower than 173.38 ± 24.45 sin group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion The application of multimedia information technologies inmedical science popularization, individualized education, and doctor-patient communication forpatients who received precision radiotherapy for HNT can significantly increase patient compliance, alleviate acute radiation reactions, reduce setup errors, and shorten the machine occupancy time of planning and positioning.

Estimating Brazilian states demands for intensive care unit and clinical hospital beds during the COVID-19 pandemic: development of a predictive model

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The fragility of healthcare systems worldwide had not been exposed by any pandemic until now. The lack of integrated methods for bed capacity planning compromises the effectiveness of public and private hospitals' services. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of intensive care unit and clinical beds for Brazilian states, using an integrated model. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental study applying healthcare informatics to data on COVID-19 cases from the official electronic platform of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHODS: A predictive model based on the historical records of Brazilian states was developed to estimate the need for hospital beds during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The proposed model projected in advance that there was a lack of 22,771 hospital beds for Brazilian states, of which 38.95% were ICU beds, and 61.05% were clinical beds. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed approach provides valuable information to help hospital managers anticipate actions for improving healthcare system capacity.

Study on drug-target binding kinetics profiles of flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium and xanthine oxidase / 中国中药杂志

Based on the target occupancy mathematical model, the binding kinetic process of potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Chrysanthemum morifolium with xanthine oxidase(XOD) was evaluated. The potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Ch. morifolium were screened by UPLC-Q-Exactivems MS technology, reference substance identification and in vitro enzymatic kinetics experiments. The binding kinetic parameters of xanthine oxidase and potential inhibitor in Ch. morifolium were determined by surface plasma resonance(SPR). The verified mathematical model of the XOD target occupancy evaluated the kinetic binding process of inhibitors and xanthine oxidase in vivo. According to UPLC-Q-Exactive MS and reference substance identification, 39 potential uric acid-lowering active ingredients in Ch. morifolium extracts were identified and the inhibitory activities of 23 compounds were determined. Three potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened, namely genistein, luteolin, and apigenin. whose IC_(50 )were 1.23, 1.47 and 1.59 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. And the binding rate constants(K_(on)) were 1.26×10~6, 5.23×10~5 and 6.36×10~5 mol·L~(-1)·s~(-1), respectively. The dissociation rate constants(K_(off)) were 10.93×10~(-2), 1.59×10~(-2), and 5.3×10~(-2 )s~(-1), respectively. After evaluation by different administration methods, the three selected compounds can perform rapid and sustained inhibition of xanthine oxidase in vivo under combined administration. This study comprehensively evaluated the target occupancy process of three effective components in different ways of administration in vivo by UPLC-MS, concentration-response method, SPR technology and xanthine oxidase target occupancy model, which would provide a new research idea and method for screening active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

Simulation Analysis of Occupancy Rates of Baicalein， Quercetin and Galangin on Target Sites of Xanthine Oxidase / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To simulate the occupancy rates of baicalein， quercetin and galangin on the target sites of xanthine oxidase <italic>in vivo</italic>. Method:In this experiment， the half inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin against xanthine oxidase were determined by <italic>in vitro</italic> enzymatic reaction. Binding free energy was predicted by molecular docking technology and their association rate constant （k_on） and dissociation rate constant （k_off） were determined by surface plasmon resonance technology. Based on measured binding kinetic parameters （k_on and k_off） and extracted pharmacokinetic data， the target occupancy model <italic>in vivo</italic> was established. Result:The IC₅₀values of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin were 0.002 7， 1.63， 0.38， 1.59 µmol·L^-1， respectively. The IC₅₀ of febuxostat was very close to that reported in the literature. The predicted curve of target occupancy rate <italic>in vivo</italic> of febuxostat was consistent with its duration of clinical efficacy. When single intragastric administration of long-circulating liposomes of quercetin with dose of 100 mg·kg^-1 in rats， the time of target occupancy rate >70% <italic>in vivo</italic> lasted for about 3.9 h. When rats were orally administered baicalein and galangin with dose of 200 mg·kg^-1， the time of target occupancy rate >50% <italic>in vivo </italic>lasted for about 10 h and 1.7 h， respectively. Conclusion:The prediction model of xanthine oxidase target occupancy constructed by drug target binding kinetics and <italic>in vivo</italic> pharmacokinetic curves can effectively evaluate the <italic>in vivo</italic> inhibitory activity of compounds against the target.

Analysis on the utilization and satisfaction with clinical services for the elderly through hospital-at-home in Xuzhou City / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To understand the utilization of clinical services provided through hospital-at-home to the elderly in Xuzhou City, and analyze patient satisfaction.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select community elderly people aged 60 and above in Xuzhou city to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Descriptive analysis was used to examine the utilization and evaluation of home-based clinical services for the elderly.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze associated factors for the satisfaction of the elderly in this care setting.Results:A total of 203 elderly people who had received this type of services were investigated.The overall satisfaction of the elderly in Xuzhou City with home-based clinical services was 79.3%(161/203), and the average satisfaction score of the comprehensive evaluation was(4.11±1.03)points.Age( β=-0.011), marital status( β=0.164), informed consent for service( β=0.162), doctors' bed-side services( β=0.146), service fee( β=0.346), and the home hospital bed assembling process( β=0.257)were the influencing factors for satisfaction with family hospital bed services, according to the patients involved in the comprehensive evaluation(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The utilization and evaluation with clinical services by elderly people in the hospital-at-home setting in downtown Xuzhou is relatively good, with relatively high satisfaction.Comprehensive measures should be taken in response to factors related to satisfaction to promote sustainable development of clinical services through hospital-at-home in China.

Fatores associados às internações de longa permanência em instituição hospitalar de alta complexidade / Factores asociados con hospitalizaciones de larga estancia en una institución hospitalaria de alta complejidad / Factors associated with long-term hospitalizations in a high complexity hospital institution

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados às internações hospitalares de longa permanência de pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em instituição de alta complexidade. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo a partir de dados secundários de internações hospitalares de 2013 a 2015. Calculou-se a razão de prevalência por Regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. Resultados: das 12.689 internações nos anos de estudo, 645 foram de longa permanência (>30 dias), com uma prevalência de 5,1%. Predominaram entre o sexo masculino (62%), > 60 anos de idade (52,6%). As causas mais frequentes da hospitalização foram doenças do aparelho circulatório (33,5%) e causas externas (22,3%). O óbito ocorreu para 45,6%. Na análise bivariada, estiveram estatisticamente associadas às internações de longa permanência as variáveis: sexo, idade (60 anos e mais) o baixo ou a não escolaridade dos indivíduos, ser da 17ª regional de saúde, ter sido internado na especialidade neurocirurgia e ter necessitado de internação em UTI. No entanto, permaneceram no modelo final sexo masculino, residir na regional de saúde do município em análise e ter necessitado de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. (p<0,001). Conclusão: Estratégias de promoção da saúde voltadas à saúde do homem devem ser desenvolvidas pelo município, especialmente considerando que os mesmos são os que mais perdem a vida pela ausência de cuidados com a saúde e em decorrência dos agravos resultantes de causas externas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a las internaciones hospitalarias de larga estancia de pacientes atendidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en institución de alta complejidad. Método: estudio transversal cuantitativo a partir de datos secundarios de internaciones hospitalarias de 2013 a 2015. Se calculó la razón de prevalencia por Regresión de Poisson bruta y ajustada. Resultados: de las 12.689 internaciones en los años de estudio, 645 fueron de larga permanencia (>30 días), con una prevalencia de 5,1%. Predominaron entre el sexo masculino (62%), > 60 años de edad (52,6%). Las causas más frecuentes de la hospitalización fueron enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (33,5%) y causas externas (22,3%). El óbito ocurrió para 45,6%. En el análisis bivariado, estuvieron estadísticamente asociadas a las internaciones de larga estancia las variables: sexo, edad (60 años y más) la baja o la no escolaridad de los individuos, ser de la 17ª regional de salud, haber sido internado en la especialidad neurocirugía y haber necesitado de internación en UCI. Sin embargo, permanecieron en el modelo final sexo masculino, residir en la regional de salud del municipio en análisis y haber necesitado de internación en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. (p<0,001). Conclusión: Estrategias de promoción de la salud dirigidas a la salud del hombre deben ser desarrolladas por el municipio, especialmente considerando que los hombres son los que más pierden la vida por la ausencia de cuidados con la salud y en consecuencia de los agravios resultantes de causas externas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with long-term hospitalizations of patients treated by the Unified Health System in a highly complex institution. Method: it is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on secondary data on hospital admissions from 2013 to 2015. The prevalence ratio was calculated using crude and adjusted Poisson regression. Results: about the 12,689 hospitalizations during the years of study, 645 were long hospital stay (>30 days), with a prevalence of 5.1%. There was a predominance of males (62%),> 60 years-old (52.6%). The most frequent causes of hospitalization were diseases of the circulatory system (33.5%) and external causes (22.3%). Death occurred to 45.6%. In the bivariate analysis, the following variables were statistically associated with long-term hospitalizations: gender, age (60 years-old and over), low or uneducated individuals, being from the 17th Regional Health Department, having been admitted to the neurosurgery specialty and having needing ICU admission. However, the male gender remained in the final model, staying in the regional health department of the municipality under analysis and requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (p <0.001). Conclusion: Health promotion strategies aimed at men's health should be developed by the municipality, especially considering that they are the ones who most lose their lives due to the lack of health care and due to injuries resulting from external causes.

Hospital indicators after implementation of bed regulation strategies: an integrative review / Indicadores hospitalarios después de implementar estrategias relacionadas con la regulación de camas: una revisión integradora / Indicadores hospitalares após implantação de estratégias relacionadas à regulação de leitos: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the scientific evidence available in literature on hospital indicators after implementation of bed regulation strategies. Methods: this is an integrative review conducted with studies available in five databases and in the reference database of the Center for Study and Research in Nursing Services Management in October 2019. Articles on hospital bed management, available in full in English, Spanish or Portuguese, without temporal delimitation were included. Results: 1,118 eligible articles were found, of which 37 were duplicated. Among 1,081 pre-selected studies, 112 studies were eligible and 11 articles were included. Six studies addressed the emergency services. Three addressed hospital indicators in general, another focused on a psychiatric ward and one analyzed the indicators of two hospitals administered differently. Conclusions: the studies focused on emergency services, demonstrating the importance of organizing these services for health institutions.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre indicadores hospitalarios tras la implementación de estrategias de regulación de camas. Métodos: revisión integradora realizada con estudios disponibles en cinco bases de datos y en la base de datos de referencia del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Gestión de Servicios de Enfermería en octubre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos sobre manejo de camas hospitalarias, disponibles íntegramente en inglés, español o portugués, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: se encontraron 1.118 artículos elegibles, de los cuales 37 fueron duplicados. Entre 1.081 estudios preseleccionados, 112 estudios fueron elegibles, incluidos 11 artículos. Seis estudios abordaron los servicios de emergencia. Tres indicadores hospitalarios abordados en general; otro centrado en un pabellón psiquiátrico; uno analizó los indicadores de dos hospitales administrados por separado. Conclusiones: el enfoque de los estudios está en los servicios de emergencia, lo que demuestra la importancia de organizar estos servicios para las instituciones de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre indicadores hospitalares após a implantação de estratégias de regulação de leitos. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada com estudos disponíveis em cinco bases de dados e no banco de referências do Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Gestão de Serviços de Enfermagem em outubro de 2019. Utilizaram-se como critérios de inclusão artigos sobre gestão de leitos hospitalares, disponíveis na íntegra nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português, sem delimitação temporal. Resultados: encontraram-se 1.118 artigos elegíveis, desses, 37 apresentavam-se duplicados. Dentre 1.081 estudos pré-selecionados, 112 estudos eram elegíveis, sendo incluídos 11 artigos. Seis estudos abordavam os serviços de emergência. Três abordavam os indicadores hospitalares em geral; outro tinha como foco uma enfermaria psiquiátrica; um analisou os indicadores de dois hospitais administrados distintamente. Conclusões: o foco dos estudos concentra-se nos serviços de emergência, demonstrando a importância da organização desses serviços para as instituições de saúde.

Avaliação do tempo de desocupação e ocupação de leitos como parâmetros de governança em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva na rede pública / Evaluation of bed vacancy and occupancy times as governance parameters in patients admitted to a public intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de desocupação e ocupação dos leitos na unidade de terapia intensiva; analisar os intervalos entre os tempos durante o período do dia e da noite, finais de semana e feriados e identificar preditores para os tempos de desocupação e ocupação. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de natureza observacional, descritivo, analítico e inferencial. Foram analisados 700 registros de desocupação-ocupação em 54 leitos na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto de um hospital da rede pública de Sergipe, entre janeiro e dezembro de 2018. O teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparações entre grupos. Diversos modelos preditivos de tempo de permanência foram elaborados. A razão de taxa de incidência foi utilizada como estimativa de tamanho do efeito. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, houve 13.477 solicitações de vaga na unidade de terapia intensiva para os 54 leitos, e apenas 5% (700 pacientes) conseguiram o acesso ao leito. Os tempos de desocupação-ocupação tiveram valores menores quando a ocupação do leito era realizada no período noturno (razão de taxa de incidência de 0,658; IC95% 0,550 - 0,787; p < 0,0001) e oferta nos finais de semana (razão de taxa de incidência de 0,566; IC95% 0,382 - 0,838; p = 0,004). O sexo feminino (razão de taxa de incidência de 0,749; IC95% 0,657 - 0,856; p < 0,0001) foi um preditor de menor tempo de desocupação-ocupação. Esse tempo tende a aumentar com a idade do paciente (razão de taxa de incidência de 1,006; IC95% 1,003 - 1,009; p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Identificaram-se disparidades no tempo de espera para a ocupação do leito, sendo maior no período diurno e em dias úteis. Mulheres e pacientes mais jovens são beneficiados por um processamento mais rápido no tempo de desocupação-ocupação.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the vacancy and occupancy times of intensive care unit beds; to analyze differences in these times between the day and night shifts and weekdays, weekends, and holidays; and to identify predictors of vacancy and occupancy times. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, analytical, inferential study. A total of 700 vacancy-to-occupancy records from 54 beds of an adult intensive care unit of a public hospital in Sergipe, Brazil, dated between January and December 2018 were analyzed. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between groups. Several predictive models of length of stay were constructed. The incidence rate ratio was used to estimate the effect size. Results: During the study period, there were 13,477 requests for the 54 intensive care unit beds, and only 5% (700 patients) were granted. The vacancy-to-occupancy times were shorter when beds were occupied at night (incidence rate ratio of 0.658; 95%CI 0.550 - 0.787; p < 0.0001) or on weekends (incidence rate ratio of 0.566; 95%CI 0.382 - 0.838; p = 0.004). Female sex (incidence rate ratio of 0.749; 95%CI 0.657 - 0.856; p < 0.0001) was a predictor of shorter vacancy-to-occupancy time. This time tended to increase with patient age (incidence rate ratio of 1.006; 95% CI 1.003 - 1.009; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Disparities in the waiting time for intensive care unit beds were identified, as the time was greater in the daytime and on weekdays, and women and younger patients experienced shorter vacancy-to-occupancy times.

Origin of RNA Polymerase II pause in eumetazoans: Insights from Hydra

Multicellular organisms have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for responding to various developmental,environmental and physical stimuli by regulating transcription. The correlation of distribution of RNAPolymerase II (RNA Pol II) with transcription is well established in higher metazoans, however genome-wideinformation about its distribution in early metazoans, such as Hydra, is virtually absent. To gain insights intoRNA Pol II-mediated transcription and chromatin organization in Hydra, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-coupled high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) for RNA Pol II and Histone H3. Strikingly, we found that Hydra RNA Pol II is uniformly distributed across the entire gene body, as opposed to itscounterparts in bilaterians such as human and mouse. Furthermore, correlation with transcriptome datarevealed that the levels of RNA Pol II correlate with the magnitude of gene expression. Strikingly, thecharacteristic peak of RNA Pol II pause typically observed in bilaterians at the transcription start sites (TSSs)was not observed in Hydra. The RNA Pol II traversing ratio in Hydra was found to be intermediate to yeastand bilaterians. The search for factors involved in RNA Pol II pause revealed that RNA Pol II pausingmachinery was most likely acquired first in Cnidaria. However, only a small subset of genes exhibited thepromoter proximal RNP Pol II pause. Interestingly, the nucleosome occupancy is highest over the subset ofpaused genes as compared to total Hydra genes, which is another indication of paused RNA Pol II at thesegenes. Thus, this study provides evidence for the molecular basis of RNA Pol II pause early during theevolution of multicellular organisms.

Projeção de internações em terapia intensiva pela COVID-19 no Distrito Federal, Brasil: uma análise do impacto das medidas de distanciamento social / Proyección de hospitalizaciones en cuidados intensivos por COVID-19 en el Distrito Federal, Brasil: un análisis del impacto de las medidas de distanciamiento social / Projection of COVID-19 intensive care hospitalizations in the Federal District, Brazil: an analysis of the impact of social distancing measures

Objetivo: Construir cenários e analisar o impacto das políticas de distanciamento social na propagação da COVID-19 e a necessidade de leitos de unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Métodos: Sobre modelo compartimental de transição dinâmica e simulações de Monte Carlo, construíram-se três cenários de propagação conforme o nível de adesão às medidas de distanciamento social no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Os valores dos parâmetros do modelo fundamentaram-se em fontes oficiais, bases com indexação bibliográfica e repositórios públicos de dados. Resultados: O cenário favorável, com manutenção constante de 58% de adesão ao distanciamento social, estimou pico de 189 (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]: 57 a 394) internações-UTI em 7/3/2021. A ausência do distanciamento implicaria grave cenário, com pico de 6.214 (IIQ: 4.618 a 8.415) internações-UTI já na data provável de 14/7/2020. Conclusão: as projeções indicam alto impacto das medidas de distanciamento social e reforçam a aplicabilidade de indicadores públicos no monitoramento da COVID-19.

Objetivo: Construir escenarios y analizar el impacto de las políticas de distanciamiento social en la propagación de Covid-19 y la necesidad de camas en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: Con un modelo compartimental de transición dinámica y simulaciones de Monte Carlo, los escenarios de propagación se construyeron de acuerdo al nivel de adhesión de las medidas de distanciamiento social en el Distrito Federal, Brasil. Los parámetros se basaron en fuentes oficiales, bases de datos indexadas y repositorios de datos. Resultados: La adhesión al nivel de distanciamiento social con manutención constante de 58% fue el único escenario favorable, con un pico de 189 (intervalo intercuartil IIC: 57 a 394) admisiones en la UCI el 7/3/2021. La ausencia de distanciamiento implicaría en grave escenario, con un pico de 6.214 (IIC: 4.618 a 8.415) admisiones en UCI ya en la fecha probable de 14/7/2020. Conclusión: Las proyecciones muestran el alto impacto de las medidas de distanciamiento social y la aplicabilidad de indicadores públicos en el monitoreo.

Objective: To build scenarios and analyze the impact of social distancing policies on the spread of COVID-19 and the need for intensive care unit beds. Methods: Three dissemination scenarios were built according to level of adherence to social distancing measures in the context of Brazil's Federal District, based on a dynamic transition compartmental model and Monte Carlo simulations. The model's parameter values were based on official sources, indexed bibliographic databases and public data repositories. Results: The favorable scenario, with constant 58% adherence to social distancing, estimated a peak of 189 (interquartile range [IQR]: 57 - 394) ICU hospitalizations on March 3rd2021. Absence of social distancing would result in an unfavorable scenario with a peak of 6,214 (IQR: 4,618 - 8,415) ICU hospitalizations probably as soon as July 14th2020. Conclusion: The projections indicate the high impact of social distancing measures and emphasize the applicability of public indicators for COVID-19 monitoring.

Fragment shape and size, landscape permeability and fragmentation level as predictors of primate occupancy in a region of Brazilian Cerrado

Human activities result in the formation of a mosaic of forest patches within a non-habitat matrix. The response of the local biodiversity to changes in land-use may occur at different scales. It is important to evaluate the effects of the attributes of both the patches and the surrounding landscape on the occupancy of forest patches by animal populations. Here, we assessed the predictive potential of local (basal area, tree density), patch (size, shape) and landscape scale (total area of forest, number of patches, matrix permeability, patch proximity) variables on the occupancy of forest patches by the syntopic primates Alouatta caraya, Sapajus libidinosus and Callithrix penicillata in the city of Goiânia in the Cerrado region of central Brazil. We used playback to survey primate populations in 22 focal patches and assessed the landscape within a 1000 m buffer zone around each site. In A. caraya, occupancy was influenced by the shape of the focal patches, the amount of forest and fragmentation level of the landscape. Focal patch size and the permeability of the matrix were the principal determinants of the occupancy of S. libidinosus. None of the predictors influenced patch occupancy in C. penicillata, and the structure of the vegetation did not influence occupancy in any of the species. The preservation of as many forest patches as possible, both large and small, as well as gallery forests, and the enhancement of matrix permeability will be essential for the long-term conservation of the syntopic primates of the Cerrado of central Brazil.

Performance of nurses in the bed management service of a teaching hospital / Actuación de enfermeros en la gestión de camas de un hospital - escuela / Atuação de enfermeiros na gestão de leitos de um hospital de ensino

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the performance of nurses in the Bed Management service of a public teaching hospital. Methods: descriptive, qualitative research inspired by Dubois theoretical model. 32 participants from the bed management unit and care units of a public hospital were interviewed from February to May 2018. Observations and data records from the Bed Management service complemented data collection. Theme/Category-Based Content Analysis was used. Results: the performance of nurses was described in three analysis matrices, represented by the categories: acquisition, implementation and maintenance of nursing resources; transformation of nursing resources into nursing service and results of the work of the nurse in Bed Management. Final Considerations: understanding the performance of nurses in bed management contributes to the scenario of new practices and different roles that favor visibility and strengthening of the nurse's identity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la actuación de los enfermeros en la gestión de camas de un hospital-escuela público. Métodos: se trata de una investigación descriptiva, cualitativa, inspirada en el modelo teórico de Dubois. Se entrevistaron 32 participantes de la unidad de Gestión de Camas y de las unidades asistenciales de un hospital público, durante el período comprendido entre febrero y mayo de 2018. La observación y el registro de los datos del servicio de gestión de camas complementaron la recolección y para su clasificación, se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido Temático Categorial. Resultados: el desempeño del enfermero se reveló en tres matrices de análisis, representadas por las categorías: adquisición, implementación y mantenimiento de los recursos de enfermería; transformación de los recursos de enfermería en servicios de enfermería; y resultados del trabajo del enfermero en la Gestión de Camas. Consideraciones Finales: es evidente que el desempeño de los enfermeros en la gestión de camas contribuye con el escenario de nuevas prácticas y diferentes roles a favor de la visibilidad y el fortalecimiento de la identidad del enfermero.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a atuação de enfermeiros na gestão de leitos de um hospital público de ensino. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, inspirada no modelo teórico de Dubois. Foram entrevistados 32 participantes da unidade de gestão de leitos e unidades assistenciais de um hospital público no período de fevereiro a maio de 2018. A observação e os registros de dados do serviço de Gestão de Leitos complementaram a coleta. Utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temático Categorial. Resultados: a atuação do enfermeiro foi desvelada em três matrizes de análise, representadas pelas categorias: aquisição, implementação e manutenção de recursos de enfermagem; transformação de recursos de enfermagem em serviços de enfermagem; e resultados do trabalho do enfermeiro da Gestão de Leitos. Considerações Finais: entender como a atuação de enfermeiros na Gestão de Leitos contribui no cenário de novas práticas e diferentes papéis em prol da visibilidade e fortalecimento da identidade do enfermeiro.