Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces during Running Based on One-Dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze the difference in ground reaction force (GRF) between male and female runners and between left and right limbs using the one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods Thirty male and female runners participated the running test on force treadmill at the speed of 12 km/h. GRF of consecutive five steps were recorded. The independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test in the SPM package were used to check the male vs female and right limb vs left limb differences. Results Male and female runners showed inter-limb asymmetry in vertical average loading rate (VALR), and the VALR of male runners was significantly higher than that of female runners in the left limb, while no significant differences were found in the right limb. Male and female runners showed significant differences in the right vertical GRF during push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while left medial-lateral GRF presented significant differences during landing and mid stance. Male runners showed right limb vs left limb significance in the anterior-posterior GRF during push-off, vertical GRF during landing and push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while female runners exhibited right limb vs left limb significance in vertical GRF during landing and push-off. Conclusions This study introduced the application of SPM in statistical analysis of GRF, elaborated the procedures and theory, compared the test of time-series data in SPM and discrete value with traditional statistics, and discussed the difference and features in SPM and SnPM, thus providing references for the application in data analysis of sports biomechanics. Comparison in the male vs female and right limb vs left limb revealed the genders and inter-limb symmetrical differences in the landing, mid-stance and push-off phases during stance. The research findings laid the foundation for future investigation of mechanism in running related injuries and strategy of prevention and treatment.

Research on targets distinguishing and locating technique via UWB bioradar based on pixel segmentation algorithm / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the feasibility and applicable conditions of one-dimensional distance distinction combining pixel segmentation algorithm in multi-target recognition and identification of multi-channel ultra wide-band bioradar.Methods The signals the radar received were decomposed,reconstructed and filtered,and one-dimensional distance distinction algorithm was applied to achieving multi-target distance discrimination,then multi-target two-dimensional positioning was achieved based on the principle of angle determination applying pixel segmentation algorithm.Finally,a target positioning experiment was executed by collecting 10 volunteers using the method above.Results The experiment indicated that pixel segmentation algorithm gained advantages when used for positioning a single target while disadvantages for multi target.Concluslon It's proved that it's feasible to locate three or less targets with one-dimensional distance distinction as well as two-dimensional locating based on pixel segmentation algorithm.Positioning accuracies are different in case of numbers of targets.

Research on targets distinguishing and locating technique via UWB bioradar based on pixel segmentation algorithm / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the feasibility and applicable conditions of one-dimensional distance distinction combining pixel segmentation algorithm in multi-target recognition and identification of multi-channel ultra wide-band bioradar.Methods The signals the radar received were decomposed,reconstructed and filtered,and one-dimensional distance distinction algorithm was applied to achieving multi-target distance discrimination,then multi-target two-dimensional positioning was achieved based on the principle of angle determination applying pixel segmentation algorithm.Finally,a target positioning experiment was executed by collecting 10 volunteers using the method above.Results The experiment indicated that pixel segmentation algorithm gained advantages when used for positioning a single target while disadvantages for multi target.Concluslon It's proved that it's feasible to locate three or less targets with one-dimensional distance distinction as well as two-dimensional locating based on pixel segmentation algorithm.Positioning accuracies are different in case of numbers of targets.

Determinación de la Rigidez Arterial Empleando Simulación Computacional / Determination of Arterial Stiffness Using Computational Simulation

El incremento de la rigidez arterial está asociado con el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, las cuales constituyen una de las principales causas de muertes en el mundo. Por este motivo el desarrollo de métodos no invasivos que permitan cuantificar la rigidez arterial ha alcanzado un gran impacto. En este trabajo se estudia el método no invasivo de medición de la velocidad de la onda del pulso de la arteria braquial al tobillo (baPWV), por sus siglas en inglés. Para estudiar este método se simularon las formas de ondas de presión en el sistema arterial empleando un modelo unidimensional, a partir de las cuales se determinaron los valores de baPWV. Estos valores fueron comparados con los calculados por otros dos métodos: cfPWV (velocidad de la onda del pulso entre la carótida y la femoral, el método estándar) y PWVteor (ecuación de Bramwell-Hill), obteniéndose correlaciones significativas, r=0.967 y r=0.9828 respectivamente. Se investigó la sensibilidad del método baPWV a la variación de la rigidez, representada por la variación de la distensibilidad y, se concluyó que el método es sensible a los cambios de rigidez que ocurren tanto en las arterias centrales como en las arterias periféricas.

The arterial stiffness increased is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, which constitute one of the first causes of death globally. For this reason the development of noninvasive methods to quantify arterial stiffness have had great impact. The purpose of this paper is the study of the noninvasive measurement method of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). To perform this study pressure waveforms in the arterial system were simulated, by using a one-dimensional model. With these pressure waveforms baPWV's values were calculated, and were compared with two others calculated methods: cfPWV (carotid-femoral PWV, gold standard method), and PWVteor (Bramwell-Hill equation). Significant correlations were obtained, r=0.967 y r=0.9828 respectively. The sensibility of the baPWV method to the stiffness change, represented for the distensibility change, was investigated, and we conclude that baPWV method is sensitive to the changes that take place in both central and peripheral arteries.

Arte em Herbert Marcuse: formação e resistência à sociedade unidimensional / Arte en Herbert Marcuse: formación y resistencia a la sociedad unidimensional / Art in Herbert Marcuse: development and resistance towards one-dimensional society

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica que teve como objetivo analisar a contribuição de Herbert Marcuse, autor da teoria crítica da sociedade, para pensar a relação entre arte, sujeito e formação para a resistência à sociedade unidimensional. Foram estudados os seguintes textos escritos entre 1941 e 1977: Razão e revolução (1941/1978), Eros e civilização (1955/1969), Ideologia da sociedade industrial: o homem unidimensional (1964/1973), Ideias sobre uma teoria crítica da sociedade (1969/1981) e A dimensão estética (1977/1999). Para Marcuse, a arte é política, apresenta universalidade, alteridade, transcendência, forma estética e negação e confirmação da realidade. A arte é objetivação e não trabalho alienado, ela realiza a sublimação e provoca sensibilidade, diferenciando-se da mercadoria que se apropria da cultura, fazendo-a esvaziar-se em seu sentido. Ao analisar a arte, esse autor contribuiu para uma psicologia social crítica que revela a arte como mediação psicossocial para um sujeito não adaptado.

Este trabajo es el resultado de un estudio teórico que tuvo como objetivo examinar la contribución de Herbert Marcuse, autor de la teoría crítica de la sociedad, a pensar en la relación entre el arte, el sujeto y la formación para la sociedad de la resistencia-dimensional. Se estudiaron los siguientes textos escritos entre 1941 y 1977: Razón y Revolución (1941/1978), Eros y civilización (1955/1969), La ideología de la sociedad industrial: El hombre unidimensional (1964/1973), Ideas sobre una teoría crítica de la sociedad (1969/1981) y La dimensión estética (1977/1999). Para Marcuse, el arte es político, tiene la universalidad, la alteridad, la trascendencia, la forma estética y la confirmación y la negación de la realidad. El arte es la objetivación y el reconocimiento, no alienado del trabajo, cumple la sublimación y causa sensibilidad, la diferenciación de la mercancía y de la publicidad, que se apropian de la cultura, por lo que es vaciarse en su sentido pleno. Mediante el análisis de la arte en este modo, el autor ha contribuido a una psicología social crítica que revela el arte como mediación psicosocial para un sujeto inconformado con la racionalidad de la sociedad capitalista.

This paper is the result of a theoretical research that aimed to analyze the contribution of Herbert Marcuse, author of the "Critical Theory of Society", to the understanding of the relation among art, selfhood and development to resistance towards one-dimensional society. The following texts, written between 1941 and 1977, were studied: Reason and Revolution (1941/1978); Eros and Civilization (1955/1969); One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society (1964/1973), Towards a Critical Theory of Society (1969/1981) and The Aesthetic Dimension (1977/1999). To Marcuse, art is political, it has universality, alterity, transcendence, aesthetic form, denial and confirmation of reality. Art is objectification, not an alienated labor; it effects sublimation and induces sensibility, making itself different from merchandise, which appropriates culture, making it empty of its sense. When analyzing art, this author contributed to a critical social psychology that reveals art as a psychosocial mediation to an unsuitable subject.

A lógica do mercado e as retóricas de inclusão: articulações entre a crítica Frankfurteana e a Pós-Estruturalista sobre as novas formas de dominação / The market logic and inclusion rethorics: articulations between the frankfurtean and the post-structuralist critique about the new ways of domination

O presente texto objetiva, a partir de uma articulação teórica entre o pensamento frankfurteano e o pós-estruturalista, produzir uma reflexão que contemple o modo como as novas formas de dominação vêm ganhando relevo nas sociedades atuais. Na medida em que ambas as perspectivas lançam suspeitas frente aos anúncios de que estaríamos assistindo a um tempo de maior liberdade, democracia e positivação das singularidades, buscamos realizar uma conjugação destas perspectivas com o propósito de efetivar uma análise crítica dos dispositivos/mecanismos que mascaram o exercício do poder nas formações sociais capitalistas contemporâneas. Para tanto, argumentaremos que a pretensa democracia e liberdade anunciadas pela Sociedade de consumo e pela Indústria Cultural estão a serviço da unidimensionalização do corpo social; do mesmo modo como certos discursos e políticas que militam pela inclusão social e escolar permanecem lidando com a alteridade sob o signo do estereótipo, captura e marginalização, suavizados pelo uso de figuras retóricas.

The present text objectifies producing a reflection that contemplates the way new forms of domination have been standing out in the current societies based on a theoretical articulation between the Frankfurtean and Post-Structuralist thought. As far as both perspectives raise suspicion towards the announcements that we would be seeing an era of greater freedom, democracy and activation of singularities, we search to achieve a conjugation of these perspectives with the proposal of enabling a critical analysis of the mechanisms/devices that conceal and disguise the exercise of power in contemporaneous capitalist social formations. To do so, we argue that the professed democracy and announced freedom by the Consumption Society and Cultural Industry are serving the unidimensionalization of the social organism; the same way certain speeches and policies that militate for the social and scholar inclusion remain dealing with the alterity under the sign of the stereotype, capture and marginalization and softened by the use of rethorical figures.

Real-time One-dimensional Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Using Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activities of Rats

The aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of control of one-dimensional (1-D) rotating machine using neural activities of Prefrontal cortex (PFC) in a BCI system. In this study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral implantation of recording micro-electrodes in PFC area. The spontaneous activities of a pair of PFC neurons of water-deprived rats were encoded and converted through a triple-step threshold comparator algorithm to three commands for one-dimensional movement control of a robotic wheel for accessing water. Averaged activities of two PFC neurons were quantized in every 200 ms to four ranges of activities around the mean firing rates (+/-0.5 SD) and were converted to four values. After comparison of the values of two chosen neuron units, direction and speed of rotation were decided. Rats were trained to complete one-dimensional control task to obtain water reward. The results indicated the percentage of stop event increased alone with more training. Different brain activity significantly influenced total water-drinking duration and non-water-drinking duration. Events generated from neuronal activity differed according to variant experimental sessions. Correlation between two signal units impacted controlling performance. Overall, the results of this study suggest that rats were able to manipulate the 1-D BCI system by differentially modulating PFC single neuron activities according to different circumstances.