Role of ophthalmic pathology in precise diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

Ophthalmic pathology plays an important role in studing the occurrence,development and pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases.Ophthalmic pathology can guide the diagnosic and treating process of primary tumor,secondary tumor and inflammatory diseases.Ophthalmic pathology,including pathological morphology,liquid biopsy,and molecular pathology,plays an important role in the connection of basic medicine and clinical medicine and guides the research of pathogenesis and promotes the development of ophthalmology.Combination of ophthalmic pathology and clinical assistant examination can provide an objective basis for precision medicine of eye disease.

Pay attention to the pathological examination and improve the level of diagnosis of eye diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

Clinicopathology is a clinical application technology of histomorphological examination on tissue biopsy specimens,gross sampling and slice,and a pathological diagnosis is obtained by combining with clinical manifestations,surgical findings,gross changes and the cell morphology change under the optical microscope and further immunohistochemistry and molecular biological detection on tissue sections,thus to accurately diagnose the disease and provide a reliable basis for pathological disease etiology,pathogenesis research,eye disease outcome and prognosis judgement.Ocular pathology was not only the gold standard of the diagnosis,but also a therapeutic tool for eye diseases.Ophthalmology is a surgery related clinical disciplines.In clinical work,we found that ignoring the pathological examination of resected tissue specimens is the primary cause of misdiagnosis and mistreatment of eye disease,diagnostic delays can also increase the disease deterioration and mortality risk.Ocular clinical and pathological examination is one of the specific measures to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment,it is suggested that ophthalmology clinicians pay attention to the pathological examination in order to carry out precise treatment of eye diseases.

Red eyes in the necropsy floor: twenty cases of hyphema in dogs and cats / Olhos vermelhos na sala de necropsia: vinte casos de hifema em cães e gatos

Hyphema (hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye) can be caused by several mechanisms and can easily be detected in routine ophthalmic or necroscopic examination as discolored red eye(s). The purpose of this study is to report the cause of hyphema diagnosed as a postmortem finding in dogs and cats. Twenty cases, 14 dogs and six cats of several ages and breeds and of both sexes were included in the study. Hyphema presented as a unilateral (14 cases out of 20) or bilateral (6/20) disorder in dogs and cats and extension of hemorrhage varied from minimal to diffuse. Hyphema was secondary to systemic disease (15/20) or occurred as a primary ocular lesion (5/20) in four dogs and one cat. Primary hyphema was always unilateral. In four of these cases, the cause of hyphema was trauma and remaining case was caused by phacoclastic uveitis in a dog with bilateral hypermature cataract. Various causes of bleeding disorders were found related to secondary hyphema: in decreasing order of frequency, they included vasculitis (8/15), systemic hypertension (5/15), and acquired coagulopathies (2/15). Vasculitis due to feline infectious peritonitis accounted for half of the cases (n=3) of systemic hyphema in cats. The various pathological aspects and pathogenesis of hyphema in dogs and cats are described and discussed...

Hifema, hemorragia na câmara anterior do olho, pode ser causada por vários mecanismos e pode facilmente ser detectada no exame oftálmico de rotina ou na necropsia como olho(s) vermelhos(s). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as causas de hifema diagnosticado como um achado postmortem em cães e gatos. Vinte casos, 14 cães e seis gatos de várias idades e raças, e de ambos os sexos foram incluídos no estudo. O hifema em cães e gatos teve uma apresentação unilateral (14 casos dos 20) ou bilateral (6/20), e a extensão da hemorragia variou de mínima a difusa. O hifema era secundário à doença sistêmica (15/20) ou ocorreu como lesão ocular primária em cinco dos 20 casos (quatro cães e um gato). O hifema primário foi sempre unilateral; em quatro desses casos, a causa foi traumatismo e o caso restante foi causado por uveíte facoclástica em um cão com catarata hipermadura bilateral. Várias causas de distúrbios hemorrágicos foram encontradas em relação ao hifema secundário: em ordem decrescente de frequência foram: vasculite (8/15), hipertensão sistêmica (5/15) e coagulopatias adquiridas (2/15). Os vários aspectos patológicos e a patogênese do hifema são descritos e discutidos...

Characteristics of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in an eastern indian cohort: A case series.

Background: Microsporidia are intracellular parasites responsible for human infections. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) affecting normal individuals worldwide. Aim: To determine the characteristics of MKC in an Indian cohort. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, noncomparative, observational case series, involving patients with MKC between June and September 2009. Of the 24 patients identified, microbiological confirmation in direct smear was obtained in 22 cases and selected. Standard microbiological workup was performed in all the cases. We studied the demographics, predisposing conditions, antecedent treatment received before presentation, clinical characteristics, treatment offered, and resolution time with sequel. The management consisted of simple debridement and application of chloramphenicol ointment (1%) two times a day. Results: Mean age of onset was 18.7 years (95% CI, 15.7-21.7; range, 11-36s years). All patients gave history of prior outdoor activity and exposure to rain water/mud. Antecedent treatment comprised of Acyclovir eye ointment (45.4%) and antibiotic eye drop (27.3%) most commonly. Microsporidia were identified in Gram stain (81.8%), 10% potassium hydroxide mount (72.7%), modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining (36.4%), and Giemsa (18.2%). Majority presented as unilateral superficial keratoconjunctivitis with punctate epithelial keratitis. Mean resolution time was 9 days (95%CI, 7.9-10.2). Conclusions: MKC can occur in normal patients with exposure to rain and mud, related to outdoor activity often misdiagnosed as viral ocular infections. Strong clinical suspicion with proper microbiological evaluation helps to diagnose this commonly misdiagnosed condition.