Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Opioid Addicts.

Introduction: Substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders are widespread among the general population. Methods: This study assessed the rate of current mood disorders and anxiety disorders in outdoor opioid addicts. The data were collected from five hundred opioiddependent patients who were seeking treatment from outdoor dept. of civil hospital, Gurdaspur. The Research version of structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders was used. Results: The majority (23%) were self employed and 20% were unemployed. 25% had education till the level of high school, 15% were illiterate. 326(65.2%) subjects were diagnosed as having mood disorders, of those 274 (29%) had substance induced depression, 41 (8.2%) had major depression, 5 (1%) had dysthymia, 5 (1%) bipolar mood disorder type I, and 2 (0.4%) were diagnosed as having bipolar mood disorder type II. 138 (27.6%) subjects were diagnosed as having substance-induced anxiety disorders, and 88 (17.6%) as having generalized anxiety disorder. Of the participants 218 (43.6%) reported more than 5 years use of opioid abuse. Conclusions: Due to high rates of mood disorders in opioid-dependent subjects, psychiatric treatment services should be open and accessible to the patients, especially those who voluntarily seek help and treatment to reduce the rate of mood disorders and reduce relapse of substance abuse also.

Survey on opioid addicts' sensitivity to related environments and influential factors / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective We developed a scale on opioid addicts' sensitivity to drug-related environments for assessing addicts sensitivity and influential factors, which could provide evidence for psychological interventions on detoxification. Methods The survey on opioid addicts' sensitivity was administered to 1096 opioid addicts through stratified random cluster sampling in mandatory detoxification centers from 5 cities in China. Results Patients were more sensitive to environments directly related to drug abuse, social and family environments, especially in those cases that lack of love from family or watching drug use from others, with percentages of persons having strong response reaching 59.40% and 59.05%, respectively. The risk factors of patients' sensitivity to environments directly related to drug abuse would include long period of drug use, high frequency of drug abuse, drug abuse in family members and negative family attitudes ( F = 17.10, P＜ 0. 0001 ). Being female, younger of age, long period of drug use and negative family attitudes increased the extent of patients' sensitivity to social and family environments (F = 8.52, P＜0. 0001) while long period of drug use, high frequency of drug abuse, and negative family attitudes increased the extent of patients' sensitivity to environments indirectly related to drug abuse (F =10.08, P ＜ 0. 0001). Conclusion Patients were very sensitive to drug-related environments. The extent of patients' sensitivity was influenced by sex, age, years of drug use, the frequency of drug abuse, having drug user in family and the family attitudes towards them.