An Experimental Study on the Optimal Timing for the Repair of Incomplete Facial Paralysis by Hypoglossal-facial 'Side'-to-side Neurorrhaphy in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the optimal timing for the repair of persistent incomplete facial paralysis by hypoglossal-facial 'side'-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 adult rats with crushed and bulldog-clamped facial nerve injury were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each) that were subjected to injury without nerve repair or with immediate repair, 2-week-delayed repair, 4-week-delayed repair, or 8-week-delayed repair. Three months later, the effects of repair in each rat were evaluated by facial symmetry assessment, electrophysiological examination, retrograde labeling, and axon regeneration measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 3 months after injury, the alpha angle significantly increased in the group of rats with 4-week-delayed repair compared with the other four groups. Upon stimulation of the facial nerve or Pre degenerated nerve, the muscle action potentials MAPs were recorded in the whisker pad muscle, and the MAP amplitude and area under the curve in the 4-week-delayed repair group were significantly augmented at 3 months post-injury. Similarly, the number of retrograde-labeled motor neurons in the facial and hypoglossal nuclei was quantified to be significantly greater in the 4-week-delayed repair group than in the other groups, and a large number of regenerated axons was also observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study demonstrated that hemiHN-FN neurorrhaphy performed 4 weeks after facial nerve injury was most effective in terms of the functional recovery of axonal regeneration and activation of facial muscles.</p>

Prognosis Effect of Shengmai Injection to the rt-PA Thrombolysis on Broadened Therapeutic Window Pa-tients of Mild-to-moderate Cerebral Infarction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the prognosis effect of Shengmai injection to the rt-PA thrombolysis on broadened thera-peutic window patients of mild-to-moderate cerebral infarction under the guidance of computer tomography(CT). METHODS:168 patients with mild-to-moderate cerebral infarction were randomly divided into control group (84 cases) and observation group (84 cases). Control group received rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg),and 10% of the total rt-PA was mixed and injected into patients within 1 min, the rest 90% adding into 250 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection (no less than 1 h),CT was performed after 24 h thrombolytic therapy,and the patients with no intracerebral hemorrhage in re-examination received 300 mg/d aspirin for 10 d,then 100 mg/d for 90 d,and appropriate statins,calcium antagonists,β-blockers and nitrates;observation group additionally received 40 ml Sheng-mai injection,adding into 250 ml 5% Glucose injection,intravenous infusion,once a day,for 28 d. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,Rankin score,daily living-Barthel Index (Barthel) score,rate of symptomatic intracranial hemor-rhage,rate of secondary hemorrhage,hospitalization time,3-month postoperative mortality and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the NIHSS score,Rankin score and Barthel score(P>0.05). The NIHSS score in 2 groups after 6 h,24 h and 7 d were significantly lower than before,and observa-tion group was lower than control group after 24 h and 7 d;Rankin score after 3 months was significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group;Barthel score after 3 months was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The hospitalization time in observa-tion group was significantly shorter than in control group,and 3-month postoperative mortality was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLU-SIONS:Based on conventional treatment,Shengmai injection has improvement in the rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis on broadened therapeutic window patients of mild-to-moderate cerebral infarction under the guidance of CT,it can reduce NIHSS score and Rankin score,increase Barthel score,shorten hospitalization time and reduce the 3-month postoperative mortality,with good safety.

Momento óptimo de plantación y de cosecha en Tagetes lucida Cav / Optimal time for cultivation and harvesting of Tagetes lucida Cav

Introducción: es necesario establecer guías de cultivo de Tagetes lucida Cav y disponer resultados sobre el momento óptimo de plantación y cosecha en función del rendimiento y del contenido de principios activos. Objetivos: obtener de T lucida mayor cantidad de biomasa y conocer cómo influye la fecha de establecer el cultivo y la hora de realizar la cosecha en la concentración del aceite esencial. Métodos: se hicieron estaquilleros en 2 fechas de 2009 (10 de mayo, 10 de junio), que fueron trasplantados a los 30 d. Se determinó el porcentaje de estacas enraizadas que sobrevivieron al trasplante al lugar definitivo. En el momento de cosecha, realizada con plantas en floración completa, se calculó la altura de las plantas y el rendimiento fresco de las partes aéreas. Se evaluó del total cosechado: porcentajes de flores, ramas y tallos lignificados. Se hicieron recolecciones en una plantación en estado de floración a: 9:00 am, 27 ºC; 12:00 m, 32 ºC y 3:00 pm, 29 ºC. El contenido de aceite esencial se determinó por hidrodestilación durante 2 h. La identificación de componentes se realizó por cromatografía en capa delgada, utilizando como referencias: eugenol, linalol y mirceno (0,3 por ciento). Resultados: en ambas fechas de plantación hubo buena adaptación en el campo, 95 por ciento; se cosechó a 6 meses de edad en la plantación de mayo y a 5 meses de edad en la de junio. Se encontró que entre ellas hubo pocas diferencias en cuanto a altura, rendimiento total de la parte aérea, porcentajes de ramas, flores y tallos, y aceite esencial. Se comprobó que la hora de cosecha realizada en la mañana, produjo la mayor acumulación de aceite esencial (1,20 por ciento) en comparación con las otras horas que fue de 0,75 por ciento...

Introduction: it is necessary to set the guidelines for cultivation of Tagetes lucida Cav and to obtain results about the optimal time of cultivation and harvesting according to the output and the contents of active principles. Objectives: to get as much quantity of biomass from T Lucida as possible and to find out how the date of cultivation and the time of harvesting influence the concentration of the essential oil. Methods: stake-farming beddings were built on two different dates (10 of May and 10 of June, 2009); they were then transplanted after 30 days. The percentage of rooted stakes that survived after transplantation to the final place was calculated. At the time of harvesting of fully flourished plants, the height of plants and the fresh output of the aerial parts were determined. The total harvested amount was evaluated, that is, percentage of flowers, branches and stems. Harvesting occurred in one flourished plantation at: 9:00 am at 27 °C, at noon at 32 ºC and at 3:00 pm at 29 ºC. Hydrodistillation for 2 h allowed estimating the contents of the essential oil. Thin-layer chromatography identified components using eugenol, linalool and mircene (0.3 percent) as reference. Results: on both dates of cultivation, there was good adaptation to the soils, 95 percent. The plants were harvested at 6 months of age in May and at 5 months in June. There were slight differences in terms of height, total output of the aerial parts, percentages of branches, flowers and stems, and the essential oil. It was confirmed that harvesting in the morning accounted for the highest accumulation of essential oil (1.20 percent) compared with the other harvesting times (0.75 percent)...

Optimal Time for Appendectomy in Perforated Appendicitis of Children

PURPOSE: It is controversial to treat complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients on several points, especially optimal time for appendectomy. The purpose of this study is to determine optimal time for operation in perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients. METHODS: Children with perforated appendicitis under the age of 14 underwent appendectomy between January 2006 and December 2008 at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital were analyzed retrospectively according to factors which may affect the postoperative hospital course such as complications, time of beginning of diet, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: During the study period, 357 patients with acute appendicitis underwent appendectomy and 118 patients were diagnosed with perforated appendicitis. Comparing symptom durations between more than 48 hours and less, the former induced significantly higher postoperative complication rates. Body temperature above 37.5degrees C at admission affected significantly higher complication rates and delay of beginning of diet. Children with intraabdominal abscess at appendectomy showed higher complication rates than without abscess. Children who underwent operation in the daytime started diet significantly earlier and showed less complication than those operated on at night. The frequency of preoperative antibiotics administration did not alter the postoperative hospital course. CONCLUSION: For the children diagnosed with perforated appendicitis, non-urgent appendectomy in the daytime after initial conservative management including intravenous administration of antibiotics, hydration, and correction of serum electrolyte is safer and more efficient than performing emergency operation, and moreover there is no necessity for secondary admission for interval appendectomy.

Preliminary study of the optimal time for operation on patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To explore the optimal time for the surgical operation on patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. [Methods]The clinical symptoms,the persistent time of the symptoms and the interval from exacerbation to operation in 168 patients with OPLL were analyzed.[Results]The average time was 27.6 months from the onset of myelopathy to the operation on patients with OPLL,and 17.4 months from the decrease of muscle strength in extremities to the operation,and 5.3 months from the symptomatic exacerbation of the extremities especially the decrease of muscle strength in lower extremities to the operation.[Conclusion]The patient should be treated earlier by surgical operation after his/her illness has been diagnozed as OPLL.It is the optimal time for surgical operation when the patient has imaging change of hypertrophy or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and severe compression of spinal cord(more than 60% spinal canal stenosis),or the decrease of muscle strength in extremities especially in lower extremities.

The Optimal Time of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy to Locate the Bleeding Site in Patients with Hemoptysis / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Hemoptysis is a common clinical symptom, responsible for 11% of admission to the hospital chest service. Correct diagnosis, accurate localization of the bleeding source and proper management are imperative to reduce the risk of massive hemoptysis. We performed the study to define the optimal time of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 63 patients with hemoptysis admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital between Aug 1989 and Aug1992. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records concerning the cause, amount, duration of hemoptysis and the timing of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 63(M:F=36:27) patients. RESULTS: 1) The main causes of hemoptysis were pulmonary tuberculosis(52.4%) bronchiectasis(27.0%) and lung cancer(11.1%). 2) The bleeding sites were localized in 26 Patients(41.3%). 3) The rates of localization of bleeding site were not related to the amount and duration of hemoptysis. 4) The rates of localization of bleeding site were 61.8%(21/34) during hemoptysis,18.2%(122) within 24hr after resolution of hemoptysis, 14.3%(1/7) thereafter. CONCLUSION: Early bronchoscopy, especially during hemoptysis may show higher rates of successful localization than delayed bronchoscopy.

Analysis on Method for Drug Delivery at Selected Time / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To promote rational use of drugs in clinic. METHODS: The difference of chronopharmacodynamics, chronopharmacokinetics and chronotoxicity of drugs were introduced, referring to the relevant literatures, journals and practices. RESULTS: The same drug represented different efficacy and toxicity for one day due to delivery at different time. CONCLUSION: According to chronopharmacology, administration at optimal time contributes to efficacy and reduces adverse reaction.