Participación del odontólogo en la asistencia de pacientes con trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sueño / The dentist´s role in attending patients with sleep-related respiratory disorders

En esta revisión se mencionan, en primer lugar, algunas alteraciones odontológicas y oro-cráneo-faciales que son observadas con cierta frecuencia en pacientes que concurren a la consulta odontológica. Luego se realiza una descripción del rol del odontólogo en la evaluación de pacientes que pudieran presentar trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sueño (TRRS). A continuación, se describen brevemente dos de los más frecuentes TRRS: el ronquido y la apnea obstructiva del sueño. Finalmente, se mencionan algunos recursos terapéuticos de utilidad en los TRRS, particularmente los beneficios de la implementación de la aparatología oral (AO) en estos pacientes (AU)

In this review, we first mention some odontological and oro-cranial-facial alterations that are frequently observe in patients who attend the dental office. After that, a description of the role of the dentist in the evaluation of patients who could present RDRS will be made. Besides two of the most frequent RDRS are briefly describe: snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Finally, some useful therapeutic resources for the RDRS treatment will be comment, particularly the benefits of the implementation of oral appliances (OA) -in these patients (AU)

Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is an important public health problem and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, treatment of this condition is of paramount importance. The treatment of OSA includes general and behavioural measures, mechanical measures including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and Oral Appliances (OA), pharmacological treatment and surgical procedures. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment reverses the repetitive upper airway obstruction of sleep apnea and associated daytime sleepiness and is the most effective treatment for OSA. However maintaining patient adherence to CPAP therapy is a challenge. Weight loss should be recommended to overweight patients with OSA, as it has been shown that weight reduction has additional health benefits. Treatment of underlying medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or acromegaly has profound effect on apnea/hypopnea index. A subset of patients with OSA may benefit from supplemental oxygen and positional therapy. Presently, there are no effective pharmacotherapeutic agents for treatment of patients with OSA and the role of surgical treatment in OSA is controversial. However, pharmacological treatment of persisting residual sleepiness, despite adequate positive airway pressure therapy delivery and adherence, is indicated and may improve daytime sleepiness.

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA HYPOPNEA SYNDROME – AN OVERVIEW

Obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common cause of breathing-related sleep disorder, causing excessive daytime sleepiness. Common clinical features of OSAHS include snoring, fragmented sleep, daytime somnolence and fatigue. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the condition, including its management.

Tratamento da síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono com aparelhos intrabucais / Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and hipoapnea syndrome with oral appliances

A síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) é um distúrbio que atinge cerca de 4 por cento da população adulta e que, além dos problemas sociais associados ao ronco e à sonolência diurna excessiva, é preocupante pelos quadros de hipertensão pulmonar e insuficiência cardíaca que pode desencadear. REVISÃO E DISCUSÃO: Através de uma revisão de literatura discutiu-se o uso de aparelhos intrabucais para o tratamento dessa patologia, destacando-se a eficácia e as limitações dessa terapia, os principais sintomas clínicos, os principais efeitos colaterais oclusais, o grau de colaboração e o índice de satisfação dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a terapia com aparelhos intrabucais deve ser a de primeira escolha para o tratamento de SAHOS de média a moderada, sendo o desconforto dentário, articular e muscular, a hipersalivação e a xerostomia os sintomas clínicos mais freqüentes, com efeitos colaterais oclusais leves que normalmente não geram incômodos aos pacientes, com bom grau de colaboração e alto índice de satisfação.

Obstructive sleep apnea and hipoapnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disorder that affects about 4 percent of the adult population, and besides the social problems associated to snoring and extreme day time sleepiness, it is preoccupying since it may cause pulmonary hypertension and cardiac failure. REVIEW AND DISCUSSION: Through a literature review, we discuss the use of oral appliances to treat this condition, in regards of therapy effectiveness and limitations, main clinical symptoms, major occlusal side effects, rate of improvement and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the use of oral appliances should be a first choice treatment for mild to moderate OSAHS, being dental, joint and muscular discomforts, hypersalivation and xerostomia, the most frequent clinical symptoms, with light occlusal side effects that normally do not bother the patients, with a good degree of improvement and high satisfaction index.