Clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning and its effect on psychology and quality of life in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects of periodontal endoscope (PE)-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) and traditional SRP on the psychological and quality of life of patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Patients with periodontitis who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from April 2018 to December 2022 with residual periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) 6 weeks after traditional SRP treatment were enrolled, and the residual periodontal pockets were further treated with PE-assisted SRP (PE+SRP). After 6 weeks of traditional SRP treatment and 3 months of PE+SRP treatment, clinical indicators, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and periodontal tissue self-awareness scale scores, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) score and dental fear scale (DFS) score were collected. Moreover, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected after traditional SRP and PE-assisted SRP treatments.@*Results@#Twenty-three patients with periodontitis, including 832 sites of 486 affected teeth, were included in the clinical study. Three months after PE+SRP treatment, all clinical periodontal indicators, PLI (t = 9.254, P<0.001), PD (t = 50.724, P<0.001), CAL (t = 22.407, P<0.001) and BOP (t = 9.217, P<0.001), were significantly improved. Compared with traditional SRP (VAS: 2.48 ± 1.70), the pain caused by PE+SRP (VAS: 2.57±1.80) was not significantly different (t = 0,192, P = 0.850). There was no significant difference in the scores of the periodontal tissue self-awareness scale between the two groups (t = 1.485, P = 0.152). The OHIP-14 (SRP: 12.13±7.63; PE+SRP: 10.26 ± 5.25, t = -1.589, P = 0.126) and DFS (SRP: 40.70 ± 12.63; SRP+PE: 41.57 ± 12.61, t = 0.404, P = 0.690) scores were not significantly different.@*Conclusion@#All clinical periodontal indicators were significantly improved after PE-assisted SRP treatment of residual periodontal pockets, and compared with traditional SRP, PE-assisted SRP had no negative impact on the quality of life or psychological status of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, PE+SRP can be promoted in clinical practice.

Influence of genetic polymorphisms on oral health-related quality of life after root canal treatment

Abstract To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in interleukins (IL1A rs17561, rs1304037; IL10 rs1800871; IL1RN rs9005), nitric oxide (NOS2 rs2779249, rs2897518) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1 rs243327, rs33977706) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients under-going root canal treatment (RCT). Methods: The sample consisted of 108 participants, presenting single-rooted teeth with asymptomatic periapical periodontitis. The impact of the OHRQoL was recorded using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) before, seven, and 30 days after RCT. Saliva samples were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped by Real-Time PCR using the Taqman method. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were used (p<0.05). Results: A significant difference was observed for the polymorphism rs2297518 in the NOS2 gene in functional limitation in the codominant (p=0.037) and recessive (p=0.001) models; in the physical pain (p<0.001 in both models); in psychological discomfort (p<0.001 in both models); in physical disability (p<0.001 in both models) and in psychological disability (p<0.001 in both models). Polymorphisms in the SOCS1 gene, in the recessive model, rs33977706 (p=0.045) and rs243327 (p=0.019), influenced the OHRQoL in the psychological discomfort domain. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in NOS2 and SOCS1 genes influenced the OHRQoL of patients undergoing RCT.

Resumo Avaliar o impacto de polimorfismos genéticos em interleucinas (IL1A rs17561, rs1304037; IL10 rs1800871; IL1RN rs9005), óxido nítrico (NOS2 rs2779249, rs2897518) e supressor da sinalização de citocinas (SOCS1 rs243327, rs33977706) na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de pacientes submetidos a tratamento endodôntico (TE). Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 108 participantes, que apresentavam dentes unirradiculares com lesão periapical assintomática. O impacto da QVRSB foi registrado usando o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) antes, sete e 30 dias após o TE. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas como fonte de DNA genômico. Os polimorfismos genéticos foram genotipados por PCR em tempo real usando o método Taqman. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram utilizadas (p<0,05). Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa para o polimorfismo rs2297518 no gene NOS2 na limitação funcional nos modelos codominante (p=0,037) e recessivo (p=0,001); na dor física (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos); no desconforto psicológico (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos); na deficiência física (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos) e na deficiência psicológica (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos). Polimorfismos no gene SOCS1, no modelo recessivo, rs33977706 (p=0,045) e rs243327 (p=0,019), influenciaram a QVRSB no domínio desconforto psicológico. Conclusões: Polimorfismos nos genes NOS2 e SOCS1 influenciaram a QVRSB de pacientes submetidos a TE.

The association Between Sleep Quality, Fatigue and Periodontal Status: a pilot study / La asociación entre la calidad del sueño, la fatiga y el estado periodontal: un estudio piloto

Abstract Reduced sleep duration, poor sleep quality and fatigue are related to reduced immunity and increased inflammatory markers. Due to its potential to influence inflammation, poor sleep quality and fatigue could be factors for periodontitis and quality of life. Ninety-three individuals with untreated periodontitis and thirty-one individuals with healthy gingiva were included in the study. The research involved a clinical examination and a questionnaire. Demographic information, information on oral health, oral hygiene habits, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Jenkins Sleep Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 were included in the questionnaire. Patients were diagnosed based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. No statistically significant difference was revealed between sleep quality, fatigue, oral health related quality of life, and stage-grade of periodontitis (p<0.05). However, periodontitis group had higher Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scores (p<0.05). A statistically significantly lower sleep duration was observed in stage IV periodontitis group than the other groups (p<0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the scores of the other questionnaires (p<0.05). The stage of periodontitis may impact sleep duration.

Resumen La reducción de la duración del sueño, la mala calidad del sueño y la fatiga están relacionados con una inmunidad reducida y un aumento de los marcadores inflamatorios. Debido a su potencial para influir en la inflamación, la mala calidad del sueño y la fatiga podrían ser factores determinantes en el desarrollo de la periodontitis e incidir en la calidad de vida. Noventa y tres personas con periodontitis no tratada, además de treinta y una personas con encía sana se incluyeron en el estudio. La investigación involucró un examen clínico y un cuestionario. En el cuestionario se incluyeron información demográfica, información sobre salud bucal, hábitos de higiene bucal, el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh, la escala de sueño de Jenkins, la escala de evaluación multidimensional de la fatiga y el perfil de impacto en la salud bucal-14. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados en base al Taller Mundial 2017 sobre la Clasificación de Enfermedades y Condiciones Periodontales y Periimplantarias. No se revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la calidad del sueño, la fatiga, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y el grado de etapa de la periodontitis (p<0,05). Sin embargo, el grupo de periodontitis tuvo puntajes más altos en el Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Oral-14 (p<0.05). Se observó una duración del sueño significativamente menor desde el punto de vista estadístico en el grupo de periodontitis en estadio IV que en los otros grupos (p<0,05). Se observó una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y las puntuaciones de los otros cuestionarios (p<0,05). La etapa de la periodontitis puede afectar la duración del sueño.

Advances in comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment for burning mouth syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

@#Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral and facial pain disorder characterized by burning pain in the oral mucosa, with multiple pathogenic factors including psychosocial, neuropathological, endocrine, and immune factors. There is still a lack of effective treatment options that have been demonstrated to work. With the development of research on the pathogenesis and treatment of BMS, multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment has gradually been introduced and become a new trend of diagnosis and treatment. Before multidisciplinary treatment, it is necessary to go through a full and comprehensive diagnosis and analysis, select the best comprehensive treatment plan, take the diagnosis and treatment of stomatology as the basis and premise, and apply other multidisciplinary combined treatment, including the treatment of concurrent diseases, psychological interventions, correction of bad habits, etc. A combination of laser therapy and psychological intervention is a more effective treatment method among the current treatment methods, with high comfort and good acceptance by patients. If necessary, mecobalamin tablets, clonazepam α-lipoic acid and other drugs can be used to nourish nerves and provide symptomatic treatment. The comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment of BMS is expected to become a new trend and provide a new strategy for improving the therapeutic effect.

Nutrient intake, oral symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life among antenatal mothers in Sarawak

@#Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association between nutrient intake, oral symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among antenatal mothers in the Sri Aman district, Sarawak. Methods: A total of 124 antenatal mothers in the second and third trimesters, through systematic random sampling, participated in this cross-sectional study. A validated selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect their socioeconomic and obstetric profiles, perceived oral health status, and OHRQoL. Three days 24-hour diet recall assessment involving two weekdays and one weekend day was used for nutrient intake assessment. Results: Most mothers (75.0%) had at least one oral symptom: cavitated tooth (51.6%), bleeding gum (32.3%), halitosis (27.4%), gum pain (13.7%), toothache (12.1%), and swollen gum (6.5%). Most mothers also had inadequate intakes of energy, vitamin D, iodine, calcium, zinc, fluoride, and iron. The most affected OHRQoL domain was psychological discomfort, followed by functional limitation and physical pain. Nutrient intake was not significantly different between antenatal mothers with and without oral symptoms. Antenatal mothers with at least one oral symptom, presence of toothache, cavitated tooth, bleeding gum, and halitosis had significantly lower OHRQoL. Conclusion: Most antenatal mothers had inadequate nutrient intake, particularly vitamin D and calcium. Nutrient intake was not significantly associated with oral symptoms. The oral symptoms of dental caries and periodontal disease were prevalent; and the presence of toothache, cavitated tooth, bleeding gum, and halitosis were associated with poor OHRQoL.

Association between oral health behavior during pregnancy and premature birth based on case-control study / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between maternal oral health behavior during pregnancy and premature birth. 【Methods】 A total of 248 preterm and 700 non-preterm pregnant women who delivered in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Shaanxi Province from January to December 2022 were included in case group and control group, respectively. General demographic characteristics and oral health behavior during pregnancy were collected by questionnaires, and the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to assess the oral health related life quality of pregnant women. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between maternal oral health behavior during pregnancy and premature birth. 【Results】 During pregnancy, maternal frequent eating after brushing teeth (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.03-2.57), unused fluoride toothpaste (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.25-3.05), late visit to the doctor for oral discomfort (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.96), brushing teeth less than twice one day (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.13-2.78) or less than 3 minutes each time (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.09-2.11), and elevated OHIP-14 score (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.10) increased the risk of premature birth. 【Conclusion】 Poor oral health behavior during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth. Therefore, more efforts should be made to publicize oral health knowledge and guide pregnant women to establish good oral health habits so as to improve oral health and promote maternal and child health.

Cárie na primeira infância, má oclusão, fatores psicossociais e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias / Early childhood caries, malocclusion, psychosocial factors and oral health-related quality of life in children and their families

Cárie na primeira infância (CPI) e má oclusão podem afetar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças e suas famílias. Fatores psicossociais relacionados às crianças, suas famílias e comunidade na qual estão inseridas devem ser estudados. Diante disso, os objetivos desta tese foram: 1) verificar a associação entre fatores psicossociais associados à CPI e à QVRSB em pré-escolares e suas famílias (Artigo 1); 2) avaliar o impacto da mordida aberta anterior (MAA) e da mordida profunda (MP) na QVRSB de préescolares, e verificar o papel da resiliência parental como um fator moderador nessa associação (Artigo 2). Foi realizado um estudo transversal representativo com pré-escolares de 4-6 anos de idade e seus pais/responsáveis em Ribeirão das Neves, MG, Brasil. Os pais/responsáveis responderam às versões brasileiras do Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) e Escala de Resiliência, e um questionário com dados socioeconômicos e de comportamento de saúde bucal da criança. Os pré-escolares foram examinados por duas dentistas treinadas e calibradas para o diagnóstico de CPI e consequências pulpares de lesões cariosas não tratadas (Kappa>0,95), utilizando-se a versão epidemiológica do International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASepi) combinado com o índice pufa e, assim categorizados: sem cárie, estágio inicial (opacidade notável/pigmentação retida em fundo de fóssulas e fissuras), estágio moderado (cavitação em esmalte/sombreamento em dentina subjacente), estágio extenso sem consequências pulpares (cavitação com exposição dentinária) e estágio extenso com consequências pulpares (cavitação com exposição dentinária, com envolvimento pulpar e/ou presença de fístulas/abscessos). A presença de MAA e MP foi avaliada através do índice de Foster e Hamilton. Os dados foram analisados por meio da modelagem por equações estruturais, utilizando-se o software Mplus, versão 8.6 (Artigo 1) e por meio da análise de moderação, utilizando-se o PROCESS (PROCESS for SPSS, version 3.4) (Artigo 2). Os resultados do artigo 1 demonstraram que menor status socioeconômico (ß =-0,250; p<0,001) e maior frequência de consumo de açúcares livres (ß=0,122; p=0,033) foram associados diretamente com estágio extenso de cárie com consequência pulpar, enquanto menor resiliência dos pais impactou indiretamente estágios mais avançados da CPI, por meio da variável frequência de consumo de açúcares livres (ß =-0,089; p=0,048). Além disso, CPI foi associada com piores escores tanto da QVRSB da criança (b=0,587; p<0,001) quanto da família (ß =0,506; p<0,001). Os resultados do artigo 2 demonstraram que préescolares filhos de pais com baixa resiliência, e que possuíam MAA apresentaram impacto negativo na QVRSB (ß:3,95;p=0,025) em comparação àqueles que apresentaram oclusão normal. A resiliência parental não atuou como fator moderador na associação entre MP e QVRSB (p>0,05). Conclui-se que quanto maior a gravidade da CPI, maior o impacto negativo na QVRSB de pré-escolares e suas famílias. Os principais fatores associados à CPI mais grave foram menor nível socioeconômico, maior frequência de consumo de açúcar livre e menor resiliência parental (Artigo 1). MAA interferiu negativamente na QVRSB dos pré-escolares, sendo essa associação mais forte quando a resiliência parental era baixa. Portanto, a resiliência dos pais atuou como fator moderador na relação entre MAA e QVRSB (Artigo 2).

Early childhood caries (ECC) and malocclusion can affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and families. Psychosocial factors related to children, their families and the community in which they are inserted must be studied. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were: 1) to verify the association between psychosocial factors with ECC and OHRQoL in preschoolers and their families (Manuscript #1); 2) to evaluate the impact of anterior open bite (AOB) and deep bite (DB) on the OHRQoL of preschool children and the role of parental resilience as a moderating factor in such association (Manuscript #2). A representative crosssectional study was carried out with 4-to-6-year-old preschoolers and their parents/caregivers from Ribeirão das Neves, MG, Brazil. Parents/caregivers selfadministered the Brazilian versions of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the Resilience Scale, as well as a questionnaire about socioeconomic and child's oral health behavior data. Preschoolers were examined by two trained and calibrated dentists for the diagnosis of ECC and pulpal consequences of untreated carious lesions (Kappa>0.95), using the epidemiological version of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASepi) index combined with the pufa index: no caries, early stage (notable opacity/retained pigmentation in the background of pits and fissures), moderate stage (cavitation in enamel/shading in underlying dentin), extensive stage without pulpal consequences (cavitation with dentin exposure) and extensive stage with pulpal consequences (cavitation with dentin exposure, and pulp involvement and/or fistulas/abscesses). The presence of AOB and DB were evaluated using the Foster and Hamilton index. Data were analysed through Structural Equation Model (SEM), using the Mplus software, version 8.6 (Manuscript #1) and through moderation analysis, using PROCESS (PROCESS for SPSS, version 3.4) (Manuscript #2). The results of the Manuscript #1 demonstrated that lower socioeconomic status (b=-0.250; p<0.001) and higher frequency of consumption of free sugars (ß=0.122; p=0.033) were directly associated with an extensive stage of caries with pulpal consequences, while lower parental resilience indirectly impacted more advanced stages of ECC, through the variable frequency of consumption of free sugars (b=-0.089; p=0.048). In addition, ECC was associated with worse scores in both the child's (ß=0.587; p<0.001) and the family's (ß=0.506; p<0.001) OHRQoL. The results of the Manuscript #2 demonstrated that preschoolers whose parents presented low resilience, and preschoolers who presented OAB, had a negative impact on OHRQoL (ß:3.95; p=0.025) compared to those who had normal occlusion. Parental resilience did not act as a moderating factor in the association between DB and OHRQoL (p>0.005). It is concluded that the severity of ECC negatively impacted the OHRQoL of preschoolers and their families, and the main factors associated with the severity of ECC were lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of free sugar consumption and lower parental resilience (Manuscript #1). OAB negatively interfered with the OHRQoL of preschoolers, with this association being stronger when parental resilience was low. Therefore, parental resilience acted as a moderating factor in the relationship between OAB and OHRQoL (Manuscript # 2).

Probable bruxismo y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral / Probable Bruxism and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

Resumen El bruxismo es el hábito de apretamiento y rechinamiento de los órganos dentarios (ODs), existiendo contactos dentarios que no tienen propósito. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (CVRSO), se define como un aspecto multidimensional que refleja la comodidad del individuo en relación con sus funciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, del estado de salud oral. Determinar la relación entre el probable bruxismo y la CVRSO en pacientes que acuden para atención en la Unidad Universitaria de Inserción Social (UUIS) de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), de septiembre 2019 a enero 2020. Observacional, analítico de casos controles y transversal. Aplicándose a 70 pacientes dos instrumentos: el OHIP-EE-14 (validado por Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) y un cuestionario elaborado por Mendiburu-Zavala C., con base a Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., y De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al para el diagnóstico de probable bruxismo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Un 47.1% (n=33) sí presentó probable bruxismo (CPB) y un 52.9% (n=37) no (SPB). El grupo etario más frecuente fue el de 18-35 años, con 67.2% (n=47), un 34.3% (n=24) CPB. La manifestación circadiana, más frecuente fue la de vigilia con 49% (n=16). Los de CPB, se obtuvo una media de 20.45±7.95 en la puntuación del OHIP-EE-14 (CVRSO) y SPB, la media fue de 7.81±4.84. Si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pacientes CPB y los SPB (p<.001). El probable bruxismo si repercute en el nivel de la CVRSO.

Abstract Bruxism is the habit of squeezing and grinding the dental organs (ODs), with dental contacts that have no purpose. The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is defined as a multidimensional aspect that reflects the comfort of the individual in relation to their physiological and psychological functions, of the state of oral health. To determine the relationship between probable bruxism and OHRQoL in patients who came for care at the University Unit of Social Insertion (UUIS) of the Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), México from September 2019 to January 2020. Observational, analytical of case controls and cross-sectional. Two instruments were applied to 70 patients: the OHIP-EE-14 (validated by Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) and a questionnaire prepared by Mendiburu-Zavala C., based on Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., and De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al for the diagnosis of probable bruxism. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. 47.1% (n=33) did present probable bruxism (CPB) and 52.9% (n=37) did not (SPB). The most frequent age group was 18-35 years old, with 67.2% (n=47), 34.3% (n=24) CPB. The most frequent circadian manifestation was waking with 49% (n=16). Those of CPB, a mean of 20.45±7.95 was obtained in the OHIP-EE-14 for the OHRQoL and SPB score, the mean was 7.81±4.84. There are statistically significant differences between CPB and SPB patients (p<.001). The probable bruxism does affect the OHRQoL level.

Malayalam language translation and validation of oral health-related early childhood quality of life tool (OH-ECQoL)

Objective: The objective of this study was to adapt the Oral Health-related Early Childhood Quality of Life (OH-ECQoL) tool for the Malayalam-speaking community and investigate its validity and reliability. Methodology: Malayalam language version of OH-ECQoL was derived through a forward–backward translation and tested for content validity. A convenient sample (n = 300) was recruited by including children with and without early childhood caries (ECC). Parents of these children completed the derived Malayalam OH-ECQoL measure. The properties of translated OH-ECQoL were evaluated by determining its validity and reliability using concurrent validity, construct validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Results: OH-ECQoL scores varied with ECC and caries-free groups (P < 0.001), supporting the ability to distinguish between patient groups. Discriminant validity tests show that children with ECC have greater median scores and interquartile range (21 ± 8) compared to children without ECC (14 ± 2). Concurrent validity was observed to be 0.72 and 0.71, respectively, for child section (P < 0.001). Convergent validity demonstrates a strong positive correlation between child impact and family impact with a Spearman's correlation coefficient significant of 0.73 (P ? 0.01). Cronbach's alpha for the child impact section and family impact section showed good internal consistency at 0.92 and 0.83, respectively. Test–retest reliability at 0.87 shows good reliability. Conclusions: The Malayalam version of the OH-ECQoL tool demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The study also shows that ECC presents a negative impact on the QoL of preschool children and their parents.

Relationship between sense of coherence, OHRQoL, and dental caries among nursing students in South India

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common dental diseases that affect all population and is associated with the avoidance of care. Research has reported that sense of coherence (SOC) is related to many aspects of health including oral health. SOC determines the quality of health and might have a direct association with the development of subjective assessments of oral health. Objectives: To find the association between SOC, Oral Health?Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and caries status among nursing college students in southern state of India. Design: Cross?sectional design using questionnaire and assessment of caries status. Participants: Nursing students from south India. Methods: Convenience sampling method was followed and students who were present on the day of the study and consented to participate were included in the study. The total study sample consisted of 494 nursing students. SOC and OHRQoL were measured by a self?administered questionnaire; caries status was assessed using Decayed, Missing and Filled Tooth (DMFT) index. Results: Association between SOC and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and caries status and OHIP was found to be statistically significant. Correlation between dental caries and OHIP was found to be statistically significant, with R?value –0.251 shows that OHIP is negatively correlated with caries status. Conclusion: SOC as a psychosocial resource is capable of facilitating the motivation for positive oral health behaviours. These resources along with socio?economic and demographic factors can create an environment that is partially responsible for the individuals’ cognitive and physical functions that can express themselves as the individuals’ well?being and positive health behaviours.

Tooth Loss and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adult Dental Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Oral diseases seriously impair the quality of life (QoL) in a large number of individuals and they may affect various aspects of life. Aim: To determine the relationship between tooth loss and oral health?related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adult dental patients. Study Setting and Design: A cross?sectional study was carried out among 296 adult dental patients aged 35–44 years attending Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Materials and Methods: Oral Health Impact Profile?14 (OHIP?14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Dentition status and periodontal status according to WHO criteria 2013 and position, number of teeth lost by Batista et al. (2014) tooth loss classification were assessed. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney U test and analysis of variance were used to find prevalence and severity of OHIP?14 with tooth loss and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between OHIP?14 prevalence and severity based on variables. Results: Except for the subjects with history of previous dental visit, variables such as gender and reason for dental visit showed significant difference (P ? 0.05) with tooth loss. Males subjects, who visited dentist with a history of pain, presence of periodontal disease and tooth loss up to 12 teeth (score 3) emerged as significant predictors for OHIP?14 prevalence (OR = 6.7, OR = 1.13, OR = 3.31). Conclusion: The study strongly evidenced that number and position of tooth loss had negative impacts on OHRQoL

Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders

ABSTRACT@#Most prior oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) research concerning temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) had utilised generic OHRQoL measures. This study aimed to translate and validate the Malay version of Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP-TMDs), a TMDs-specific OHRQoL tool, for use in Malay literate populations. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the OHIP-TMDs into the Malay language were implemented according to the international guidelines. A convenience sample of 243 subjects completed the Malay OHIP-TMDs (OHIP-TMDs-M) as well as the Malay Short Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP-M), Global Oral Health ratings (GOH-M) and Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI-M). The OHIP-TMDs-M was re-administered to a subset of 40 subjects after two weeks for test-retest reliability. Concurrent, convergent and discriminative validity were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with significance level set at p < 0.05. The OHIP-TMDs-M was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.98) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99, p < 0.001). A strong and positive correlation with S-OHIP-M (rs = 0.74) was observed, and OHIP-TMDs-M scores differed significantly between subjects with disparate GOH-M ratings (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the OHIP-TMDs-M was able to discriminate between subjects with and without TMDs. The OHIP-TMDs-M was found to have excellent reliability and good validity. It is a promising tool for assessing TMDs-specific OHRQoL in Malay literate populations.

Factors Affecting Oral Health-related Quality of Life Among the Homeless Population in Malaysia: a Structural Equation Modelling Analysis

@#Introduction: Despite the increased number of homeless people in Malaysia, there is limited information on their oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to investigate the impact of caries experience, dental anxiety, oral health (OH) knowledge, and OH behaviours on the OHRQoL of homeless adults in Malaysia, as well as to determine the mediation role of caries experience towards OHRQoL. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving homeless persons was conducted in five states in Malaysia. Dental caries was examined using Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Face-to-face interview was conducted to collect information about OH knowledge and behaviours, dental anxiety, and OHRQoL using validated questionnaires. Meanwhile, descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was performed to test the hypotheses of the conceptual model with the support of SmartPLS. Results: A total of 192 homeless people completed the questionnaire and oral examination. The majority were male (84.9%), with a mean age of 43.72 (SD = 11.6). The severity of OHRQoL impact (mean OHIP score) was 18.61(SD = 11.3). There were significant independent relationships between dental anxiety (β = 0.306, p < 0.001) and caries experience (β = 0.280, p < 0.001) on the homeless OHRQoL. It was found that the relationship between OH knowledge and OHRQoL was significantly mediated by caries experience. Conclusion: According to the structural model, caries experience, dental anxiety, and OH knowledge have significantly impacted the OHRQoL of the Malaysian homeless. These studied factors should be considered in the adoption of a holistic approach to improve the OHRQoL among homeless people in Malaysia.

How Difficult is it for Patients Having Oral Ulcers to Get Diagnosed? / ¿Qué tan Difícil es el Diagnóstico para los Pacientes con Úlceras Orales?

Oral ulcers cause high levels of impairment of the patients' quality of life. Therefore, patients having oral ulcers visit clinicians while seeking treatment. This study aims to investigate the extent of patients' suffering till reaching the correct clinician specialty, and therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment. The study included 62 diagnosed oral ulcer patients. They filled a questionnaire about previously visited clinicians and their specialties, causes of their referral and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 indicating their quality of life. The study revealed that participants visit a mean number of 2.93 clinicians before reaching a specialist. Furthermore, the number of the visited clinicians was positively correlated to the impact of the oral ulcer on quality of life. The study reflects the degree of unnecessary suffering of patients having oral ulcers due to unnecessary delay of diagnosis. It, thereby, highlights the necessity for higher awareness about Oral Medicine specialty among medical practitioners and among general population as well.

Las úlceras orales y su diagnóstico tardío causan un nivel de deterioro significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el nivel de sufrimiento de los pacientes hasta llegar a la especialidad clínica y lograr un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado. El estudio incluyó a 62 pacientes diagnosticados con úlcera oral. Los pacientes completaron un cuestionario sobre los médicos consultados previamente, las especialidades, las causas de su derivación y el Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Oral-14, que refleja su calidad de vida. El estudio reveló que los participantes visitaron una media de 2,93 médicos antes de consultar con un especialista. Además, el número de médicos visitados se correlacionó positivamente con el impacto que tiene la úlcera oral en la calidad de vida. El estudio refleja el grado de sufrimiento innecesario de los pacientes que presentan úlceras orales debido a un diagnóstico tardío. Por lo tanto, se destaca la necesidad de una mayor conciencia sobre la especialidad de medicina oral entre los médicos y también de la población en general.

Evaluation of the impact of pain from dental urgencies on the patients' oral health- related quality of life: a cross- sectional study

Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of pain from dental urgencies on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods. A sample of sixty-eight patients seeking urgent attention to a primary health unit were included. Clinical diagnosis and sociodemographic data were assessed, dental pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument was used to measure the OHRQoL. Associations were analyzed using the Student t-test, except for types of urgencies, that were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results. The most prevalent urgency type was of endodontic origin (81%). There was no difference between pain and other variables. The type of tooth showed significant differences in OHIP-14 scores. Conclusion. Dental urgencies were associated with a high level of pain and impacted negatively on the patients' OHRQoL. The type of tooth had a positive association the OHRQoL measures.

Household food insecurity, dental caries and oral-health-related quality of life in Brazilian Indigenous adults / Insegurança alimentar domiciliar, cárie dentária e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em Indígenas adultos brasileiros

Abstract Food insecurity is a complex phenomenon that affects the health and wellbeing of vulnerable families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity, dental caries, oral health-related quality of life, and social determinants of health among Indigenous adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Kaingang adults aged 35-44 years old from the Guarita Indigenous Land, Brazil. Food insecurity was assessed through the EBIA scale. Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT index. Participants answered the OHIP-14 questionnaire and a structured interview. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes using Poisson regression models were performed. The final sample included 107 adults from 97 households. Approximately 95% lived in food insecure families. Severe food insecurity was present in 58% of the households. The phenomenon was associated to the Bolsa Família benefit, household size, and greater perception of oral health impacts on quality of life. The high number of families affected by food insecurity reveals the social vulnerability of the Kaingang people. Food insecurity in Kaingangs adults is associated to oral health perception and social determinants of health.

Resumo Insegurança alimentar é um fenômeno complexo que afeta a saúde e o bem-estar de famílias vulneráveis. Este estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre insegurança alimentar domiciliar, cárie dentária, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, e determinantes sociais de saúde entre indígenas adultos. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com adultos Kaingang entre 35-44 anos da Terra Indígena Guarita, Brasil. Insegurança alimentar foi avaliada pela escala EBIA. Cárie dentária foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD. Participantes responderam o questionário OHIP-14 e uma entrevista estruturada. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e multivariadas usando modelos de regressão de Poisson. A amostra incluiu 107 adultos Kaingang de 97 domicílios. Aproximadamente 95% dos participantes viviam em famílias com insegurança alimentar. Insegurança alimentar grave esteve presente em 58% dos domicílios. O fenômeno foi associado ao Bolsa Família, densidade familiar e percepção dos impactos da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. O alto número de famílias afetadas pela insegurança alimentar revela a vulnerabilidade social do povo Kaingang. Insegurança alimentar em adultos Kaingang está associada à percepção da saúde bucal e determinantes sociais da saúde.

Determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en adultos mayores de un centro diurno costarricense: Resultados de un estudio piloto / Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Determinants in the Elderly from a Costa Rican Day Center: Findings of a Pilot Study

Resumen: El cambio de la distribución demográfica en Costa Rica establece a las personas adultas mayores (PAM) como una prioridad de salud pública. La salud oral es un indicador multidimensional, que incluye dimensiones biológicas, sociales y psicológicas. En este campo de investigación, además de utilizar las medidas de morbi-mortalidad, se ha dado una importancia a distintos indicadores que pretenden aproximar otras dimensiones subjetivas. Dentro de estas, la calidad de vida toma cada vez más importancia. Este estudio pretende identificar los principales determinantes de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en PAM de un centro diurno del cantón de Desamparados en San José, Costa Rica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional realizado entre 2018 y 2019. La CVRSO, se midió a través del instrumento GOHAI (General/Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index). Como variables independientes se incluyeron las sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas, de morbilidad, comportamientos de salud y consumo de medicamentos. Se realizaron análisis bivariados con las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis y Spearman, utilizando el paquete estadístico STATA 14. Este estudio revela que existen diferencias de promedio al comparar la CVRSO y los determinantes demográficos, socioeconómicos, de morbilidad, toma de medicamentos y comportamientos de salud. Los mayores de 80 años, las mujeres, aquellos con niveles superiores de escolaridad, de ingresos altos, sin edentulismo, con niveles bajos de xerostomía, sin enfermedades, que no toman medicamentos, que no fuman, hacen deporte, que no meriendan y que consumen moderadamente azúcares, son aquellos que reportan una mejor CVRSO comparados a sus contrapartes.

Abstract: The change in the demographic distribution of Costa Rica establishes the elderly as a public health priority. Oral health is a multidimensional indicator, which includes biological, social, and psychological dimensions. Besides using measures of morbidity and mortality, different indicators seek to approximate other subjective dimensions. There is an increasing interest in analyzing the role of quality of life on health. This study aims to identify the main determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) in the elderly attending a day center in the city of Desamparados (San José, Costa Rica). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study ran between 2018 and 2019. OHRQL was measured via the General / Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). As independent variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, health behaviors, and drug consumption were included. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests, using STATA 14. This study revealed differences in GOHAI scores according to demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, medication, and health behaviors. Those over 80 years old, women, with higher levels of education, high income, without edentulism, with low levels of xerostomia, people without diseases, who do not take medication, who do not smoke, play sports, do not snack and who consume moderately sugars, are those that report a better OHRQL compared to their counterparts.

Oral Health-related Quality of Life Impact in Children and Children With Special Needs Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anaesthesia – An Institutional Study

@#Introduction: Numerous studies have examined both the effect of caries and dental care under general anaesthesia affecting children and children with special needs, but there is still scant information on the relationship between both classes. Thus this project is aimed i) to compare oral health-related quality of life in children and children with special needs undergoing dental care under general anaesthesia (GA) and ii) To compare the impact on oral health-related quality of life in children and children with special needs. Methods: Forty-six children (25 normal children, 21 children with special needs) are recruited. Participating parents completed a brief version of the Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS) before the treatment and subsequent follow-up appointments (4 weeks to 8 weeks). Oral symptoms, social health, psychology, functional limitation, and family effect ratings, the mean, standard deviations, and statistical differences between groups were analysed. Results: 52.2% of both parent groups rated the oral health status of their children as low before GA, and it improved considerably, with 69.6% of parents rating post-operatively as healthy. The most recorded impacts at baseline were pain, discomfort, often annoyed and angry among children and parents feeling guilty and upset due to the condition of the child. Conclusion: Oral rehabilitation under GA leads to the immediate improvement of oral health, mental, and social quality among the children in both groups. However, for parents of children with special needs, despite the effort to eradicate dental-related issues, the overall quality of life shows no significant improvements.

Determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients on Root Canal Treatment

Introduction: Several determinants directly affect the Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of root canal treatment (RCT) patients like knowledge, attitude, perceptions, age, gender, marital status, smoking and pre-exposure history of RCT. This study determined the sociodemographic determinants of OHRQoLamong patients underwent RCT.Methods: This cross-sectional study determiningthe OHRQoL of patients on RCTwas conducted among patients visiting various dental clinics. A self-administered and validated questionnaire comprising of four OHRQoL themes was used to collect the data.Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ver. 22.0 was used to analyze the data.One-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to determine the p-value.Results: For each theme of the OHRQoL research tool, its association was statistically significant with at least one demographic determinant ofthe RCT patients. A total of 26.3% of the participantswere males and 73.7% were females.Among the RCT patients, 38.5% were single whereas 61.5% were married. Conclusion: In conclusion, a moderately-good level of OHRQoL was observed among the patients on RCT.

Comparison of two oral health-related quality-of-life measures in elderly patients: the influence of missing teeth, and socio demographic factors / Comparação entre dois instrumentos de avaliação de qualidade de vida em pacientes idosos: a influência da perda de dentes e fatores sociodemográficos

Objective: The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) and the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) have never been compared to a group of the same subjects in the Brazilian population. The aim of the study was to compare the OHIP-14 and GOHAI measures. Material and Methods: 129 independently living people over the age of 60 were included in the study. The GOHAI and OHIP-14 measures were used. Other variables were included: age, gender, education, number of missing teeth, annual household income and frequency of dentist visits. Results: The mean age of respondents was 65 years. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) showed a high internal consistency for both measures. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the GOHAI and OHIP-14 scores was 0.73. Using the additive method of creating scores, none of the respondents had the GOHAI score of zero, indicating no impact from oral conditions, while 9.3% of them had an OHIP-14 score of zero. Dental status, age, gendler and frequency of dental visit were significantly associated with the results ofthe GOHAI and the OHIP-14 (Kruskal­Wallis test, Mann­Whitney U test). Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP14. Both instruments demonstrated good discriminant properties and helped capture the respondents' oral health problems. (AU)

Objetivo: O Perfil de Impacto na Saúde Oral-14 (OHIP14) e o Índice Geral de Avaliação de Saúde Oral em Geriatria (GOHAI) nunca foram comparados a um grupo dos mesmos sujeitos na população brasileira. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as medidas OHIP-14 e GOHAI. Material e Métodos: 129 pessoas independentes com idade superior a 60 anos foram incluídas no estudo. Foram utilizadas as medidas GOHAI e OHIP-14. Outras variáveis foram incluídas: idade, sexo, escolaridade, número de dentes ausentes, renda familiar anual e frequência de visitas ao dentista. Resultados: a média de idade dos entrevistados foi de 65 anos. A confiabilidade interna (alfa de Cronbach) mostrou uma alta consistência interna para ambas as medidas. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre os escores GOHAI e OHIP-14 foi de 0,73. Utilizando o método aditivo de criação de escores, nenhum dos entrevistados obteve pontuação zero no GOHAI, indicando nenhum impacto das condições bucais, enquanto 9,3% deles tiveram pontuação zero no OHIP-14. O estado dentário, a idade, o sexo e a frequência da visita foram significativamente associados aos resultados do GOHAI e do OHIP-14 (teste de Kruskal-Wallis, teste de Mann-Whitney U). Conclusões: Houve uma forte correlação entre o GOHAI e o OHIP-14. Ambos os instrumentos demonstraram boas propriedades discriminantes e ajudaram a capturar os problemas de saúde bucal dos entrevistados. (AU)