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Introduction: The orbit is the cavity of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. Orbitaldimensions of skull vary in different races of mankind. Its dimensions are better understood by the knowledge ofthe orbital index. Normal values of orbital height, orbital width and orbital index are vital measurements inevaluation and diagnosis of craniofacial syndromes, interpretation of fossil records, skull classification inforensic medicine, anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etcand in exploring the trends in evolutionary and ethnic differencesMaterials and methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 adult dry human skulls available in theDepartment of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar. The orbital dimensions were measured with thehelp of Vernier caliper.Results: The mean orbital height for the right and left sides were 31.6 ± 1.8mm and 31.8 ± 1.8mm while, theirorbital width were 37.4 ± 2.1 and 37.2 ± 2.09 mm respectively. The mean orbital index was 84.49mm on right and85.48mm on left side, and can be classified as Mesoseme category.Conclusion: This study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of South Indian population, whichare very important during ophthalmological, plastic surgery, maxillofacial, reconstructive cosmetic surgeries offace and neurosurgeries and also in the forensic research.
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Objective: This study aimed to assess the orbital index which varies with race, regions, within the same race and periods in evolution. The knowledge of this index is therefore important in various aspects such as in interpretation of fossil records, skull classification in forensic medicine and in exploring the trends in evolutionary and ethnic differences. The documented ranges of this index in different nationalistic groups will assist in skull identification. Method: Sixty eight skulls were obtained from the Anatomy Department of University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi for the present study. To prevent interobserver and intraobserver error two individuals measured the parameters independently with predetermined procedures. Vernier calipers accurate to 0.1mm and a 30mm ruler were used to measure the width and height of the orbits and a tapeline was used to measure the length and width of the skull. Result: The mean orbital height was found to be 33.47 ±1.56mm and 33.65 ±1.53mm whereas the mean orbital width was 42.06 ±1.68mm and 41.87 ±1.73mm on the right and left sides respectively. The mean orbital index was 79.65 ±4.02mm and 80.49 ±4.67mm on right and left sides respectively. The mean width of the skull was 128.71±5.94mm whereas the mean height of skull was 130.96 ± 4.07mm. Data obtained was statistically analyzed. Conclusion: Comparison of results from previous studies makes it evident that there is a large variation of the anatomical characteristics of the orbital cavity, not only due to the diversity of the used parameters, but also due to ethnic differences, the different measurement method and sample size. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as data base for the quantitative description of human orbital morphology during normal growth and development considering sex and ethnic related variation.
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A penetração de corpos estranhos na cavidade orbitária normalmente ocorre pelo trauma direto e penetrante. A depender da localização e da composição do corpo estranho, o diagnóstico pode ser feito por observação direta ou mediante exames de imagens. As radiografias convencionais, as ultrassonografias, as tomografias computadorizadas e a ressonância magnética são exames auxiliares no diagnóstico. Entretanto, a natureza de alguns corpos estranhos pode dificultar a sua identificação a despeito dos exames de imagem utilizados. A presença de corpos estranhos na cavidade orbitária pode resultar em celulites orbitárias, lesões oculares, lesões cutâneas adjacentes, amaurose, perda parcial da acuidade visual, entre outras complicações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente, 17 anos de idade, feoderma, agredida com um pedaço de madeira, diretamente sobre a órbita esquerda. A paciente evoluiu com celulite orbitária refratária à antibioticoterapia e perda da acuidade visual do olho esquerdo. A radiografia de face não revelou a presença de corpos estranhos. Na tomografia computadorizada das cavidades orbitárias, observou-se, na órbita esquerda, imagens com densidade semelhante a ar. A paciente foi, então, submetida à cirurgia exploratória, sob anestesia geral, no Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto /RJ, e nela inúmeros fragmentos de madeira foram removidos, evoluindo com remissão do processo infeccioso.
The intrusion of foreign bodies into the orbital cavity usually occurs through direct and penetrating trauma. Depending on the location and composition of the foreign body, the diagnosis can be made by direct observation or by the analysis of imaging studies. Conventional radiography, ultrasound, CAT scans and MRI are used as auxiliary investigations in the diagnosis. However, the nature of some foreign bodies can make their identification difficult, even with the use of imaging techniques. The presence of foreign bodies in the orbital cavity may result in orbital cellulitis, eye lesions, adjacent skin lesions, blindness, partial loss of visual acuity, among other complications. The aim of this study was to report the clinical case of a female dark-skinned patient, aged 17, injured by a piece of wood directly onto her left orbit. The patient developed orbital cellulitis, which was unresponsive to conventional antibiotic therapy, and loss of visual acuity. Radiography of the face did not reveal the retention of any foreign bodies. Computed tomography of the orbital cavity revealed images with a density similar to that of air were observed. The patient underwent exploratory surgery under general anesthesia at Hospital Miguel Couto - RJ, resulting in the removal of many wood fragments from the orbital cavity and the resulting remission of the infectious process.
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Four patients undergoing a sliding bridge graft techic of exenteration are presented. Excellent results have been obtained as far as adequately lining the orbital cavity is concerned, although there was one known mortality. The results obtained in other technics as done in twelve other patients were not as satisfactory.(Summary)