Desenvolvimento de organogel injetável subcutâneo de Pluronic®-F127 e lecitina de soja (OPL) contendo meloxicam para uso veterinário / Development of a veterinary organogel formulation containing soy lecithin, Pluronic® F-127 and meloxicam for the treatment of acute and chronic pain in small animals

O organogel é formado por uma matriz tridimensional composta de filamentos que se auto-organizam em uma rede entrelaçada e que, por seu tipo de estrutura, pode ser utilizado com o objetivo de atuar como um implante que se forma in situ, sendo capaz de se comportar como uma forma farmacêutica de liberação prolongada. Esse trabalho tem, por tanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver, caracterizar, quantificar e traçar perfis de dissolução para formulações de organogel contendo meloxicam como principio ativo. O material está dividido em quatro capítulos, sendo apresentada inicialmente (I) revisão da literatura a respeito da lecitina de origem vegetal, com suas principais fontes de obtenção, como soja, girassol e colza, e também seu uso farmacêutico na obtenção de formulações como organogéis, microemulsões e lipossomas. Os demais capítulos abordam (II) desenvolvimento e otimização de uma formulação de organogel contendo lecitina de soja e Pluronic® F-127 como formadores da matriz tridimensional e meloxicam como principio ativo. (III) Desenvolvimento e validação de um método de quantificação do teor de meloxicam por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). (IV) Desenvolvimento de um método de dissolução para formulações de organogel, que fosse capaz de ser utilizado na caracterização do perfil de dissolução de diferentes formulações. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível desenvolver formulações de organogel contendo lecitina de soja, Pluronic® F-127 e meloxicam, assim como um método analítico validado para as analises de teor. Por fim, foram obtidos também os perfis de dissolução de duas formulações mais promissoras

Organogels are formed by a three-dimensional matrix composed of filaments that selforganize in an interlaced network and that, due to its type of structure, can be used with the objective of acting as an implant that forms in situ, being able to behave as an extendedrelease dosage form. This work has, therefore, the objective of this work was to develop, characterize, quantify and trace dissolution profiles for organogel formulations containing meloxicam as active ingredient. The material is divided into four chapters, initially presented (I) review of the literature on lecithin of plant origin, with its main sources of production, such as soybean, sunflower and rapeseed, and also its pharmaceutical use in obtaining formulations such as organogels , microemulsions and liposomes. The remaining chapters address (II) development and optimization of an organogel formulation containing soy lecithin and Pluronic® F-127 as three-dimensional matrix formers and meloxicam as an active ingredient. (III) Development and validation of a method for quantification of meloxicam content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (IV) Development of a dissolution method for organogel formulations, capable of being used to characterize the dissolution profile of different formulations. With the results obtained, it was possible to develop organogel formulations containing soy lecithin, Pluronic® F-127 and meloxicam, as well as a validated analytical method for content analysis. Finally, the dissolution profiles of two more promising formulations were also obtained

Development of amphotericin b Based organogels against mucocutaneous fungal infections

Amphotericin B is a broad spectrum antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections. Organogel is a semisolid preparation in which the apolar phase gets immobilized within spaces of the three-dimensional structure. The current study aimed at the formulation and comparative evaluation of sorbitan monostearate organogels and pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO). Different compositions of span 60 based organogels were prepared by varying the concentrations of the span 60 and PLO gels were prepared by varying the concentration of Pluronic F 127. The developed organogels were subjected to various characteristics such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, and drug release studies. The optimized formulations were evaluated against Candida albicans and carried out ex vivo release study. The optimized formulation was selected from span 60 based organogels, and pluronic lecithin organogels were S1 and P1, respectively. The optimized formulation (S1) showed effective inhibition against Candida albicans. The skin irritation test was carried out on albino mice for optimized formulations and results showed that no irritation to the skin. Based on the results, organogels prepared by sorbitan monostearate showed better antifungal activity, and also all the formulations were found to be stable and safe throughout the study period.

Organogeles como mejoradores del perfil lipídico en matrices cárnicas y lácteas / Organogels as lipid profile improvers in meat and dairy matrices

Resumen La estructuración de aceites comestibles, a través de la organogelación, tiene un potencial prometedor en aplicaciones alimenticias, al ser utilizadas como sustitutos de grasa saturada en algunos productos cárnicos y lácteos de alta demanda de consumo, con la finalidad de mejorar su perfil lipídico, el cual está relacionado con la mejora nutricional que demanda el consumidor actual, por el efecto negativo que tienen las grasas saturadas en la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar diferentes formulaciones de organogeles, aplicados en matrices cárnicas-lácteas, y su impacto en las propiedades finales de tales productos alimentarios, implementados como sustituto de grasa saturada. Se encontró que la sustitución de grasa saturada, por este tipo de materiales, afecta principalmente las propiedades fisicoquímicas, modifica el sabor original de los alimentos y mejora su perfil lipídico; sin embargo, aún no permiten cumplir las expectativas del consumidor final, por las cualidades únicas que ofrece la grasa sólida, lo que representa la principal barrera a superar para su uso en una producción a escala industrial y venta al mercado. Es necesario desarrollar nuevas formulaciones, que asemejen dichas cualidades, para alcanzar la aceptación de los consumidores.

Abstract The structuring of edible oils, through organogelation, has a promising potential in food applications, when used as substitutes for saturated fat in some meat and dairy products of high consumption demand, in order to improve their lipid profile. Organogels are viable for this substitution, which is related to the nutritional improvement demanded by the current consumer, due to the negative effect of saturated fats on health. The objective of this review was to analyze different formulations of organogels, applied in meat-dairy matrices and their impact on the final properties of such food products, implemented as a substitute for saturated fat. The findings indicate that the replacement of saturated fat, by this type of materials, mainly affects the physicochemical properties, modifies the original flavor of the food and improves its lipid profile; However, they still do not meet the expectations of the final consumer due to the unique qualities of solid fat, which represents the main barrier to overcome for its application in an industrial scale production and sale to the market. It is necessary to develop new formulations, similar to those qualities, to achieve consumer acceptance.

A Review on organogel for skin aging.

Skin aging is one of the prominent problems associated with skin as each part of body ages with the time, skin is the external organ where the sign and symptoms of aging are readily evident. However cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical approaches delayed skin aging. Gel are best fitted in all these essential criteria because of their excellent appearance, smoothness, desired consistency, fast drug release, ease of manufacturing and quality assessment and admirable stability. Recently gel formulation have been modified to yield an advance drug delivery system known as ―organogels‖. Gel define as a semi-solid preparation having an external solvent phase, apolar [organogel] or polar [hydrogel] immobilized within the space available of a three dimensional network structure. Lecithin is a natural surfactant isolated from eggs or soya bean, when it combined with water and non-polar solvent, it form gels. PLO gels have gained importance in recent years as transdermal drug delivery system. It is a thermodynamically stable, visco-elastic system, which is non-irritating, odorless and biodegradable. Pluronic F127 or poloxamer is a copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene which forms a thermoreversible gel in concentrations between 15-30%w/v. Water plays the role of a structure-forming agent and stabilizes the process of gel formation as it solubilizes the pluronic and other hydrophilic drugs. PLO gel system facilitates the delivery of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs owing to the presence of both oil and aqueous phases within the gel system.