Effects of Xuebijing Injection on serum CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning / 中成药

AIM To explore the effects of Xuebijing Injection (Carthami Flos,Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,etc.) on serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP).METHODS Seventy-two cases of patients with AOPP treated from Jan 2014 to Mar 2016 in the emergency department of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,the control group treated with atropine,pralidoxime chloride and conventional treatment,and the observation group combined with Xuebijing Injection.The dynamic changes of serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and clinical curative effects were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the two groups were decreased in turn before the treatment,at the 3rd,7th days after the treatment,and the serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group;the dosage of atropine,time of cholinesterase activity recovered 60％ and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group;the rebound rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group.The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.All the differences had statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION Xuebijing Injection can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response,reduce the incidence of complications,shorten the course,and improve the clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with AOPP.

Optimal atropine treatment for severe acute organophosphate poisoning / 中华危重病急救医学

Atropine has been an effective drug antagonizing M-like symptoms induced by severe acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (AOPP), which could relieve bronchospasm, inhibit glandular secretion, and prevent pulmonary edema. In the rescue of severe AOPP, a hypo-dose of atropine is difficult to effectively block the effect of acetylcholine, and overdose plays great risk of atropine poisoning. When the patient's condition improves, the rebound often occurs in the process of withdrawal. Medical workers at home and abroad have conducted a lot of study to explore the personalized judgment of atropinization and optimal treatment of atropine for severe AOPP, including the initial bolus of atropine,the sustained infusion for the treatment of pulmonary edema, the maintenance dose, extenuation and withdrawal of atropine for the prevention of its overdose. Related researches in recent years were reviewed to provide the clinical reference.

Isolation and identification of profenofos degrading bacteria

An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains responsible for the biodegradation of profenofos in a soil from Hubei province of central China. Two pure bacterial cultures, named W and Y, were isolated and subsequently characterized by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and biochemical tests. Isolate W showed 96 percent similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of a Pseudomonas putida unlike Y which showed 99 percent similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of Burkholderia gladioli. Both strains grew well at pH 5.5-7.2 with a broad temperature profile ranging from 28º to 36 ºC. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated soil was examined using soil treated with 200 ug g-1; profenofos resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW) reduction in profenofos concentration was 90 percent within 96 hours of incubation. A literature survey revealed that no data is available regarding the role of Burkholderia gladioli on pesticide biodegradation as well as on profenofos.

Histopathological changes in the gill and liver tissues of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to dichlorvos

The histopathological effects of dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide, on the gill and liver tissues in Cirrhinus mrigala were determined by light microscopy. The fishes were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.91 and 1.82 ppm) of dichlorvos for 10 days with parallel untreated control. No histopathological effects were observed in control group. Hyperplasia, desquamation, and necrosis of epithelial, epithelial lifting, oedema, lamellar fusion, collapsed secondary lamellae, curling of secondary lamellae and aneurism in the secondary lamellae were observed in gill tissues exposed to dichlorvos. Hepatic lesions in the liver tissues of fishes exposed to dichlorvos were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, congestion, vacuolar degeneration, karyolysis, karyohexis, dilation of sinusoids and nuclear hypertrophy.