RESUMEN
At present, ovarian cancer is one of the main diseases threatening women's life and health. The mortality ranks first among female reproductive system malignant tumors. Due to the hidden onset, more than 75% of them are at advanced stage once diagnosed. Advanced ovarian cancer is characterized with the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, very poor prognosis and the 5-year survival rate less than 50%. In recent years, the exploration of maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer is in full swing. A large number of studies show that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Therefore, PARP inhibitors have gradually become an important part for treatment of ovarian cancer, and the indications have also been concerned by clinicians. This paper reviews the application of PARP inhibitors in advanced ovarian cancer.
RESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the role of peroxidase (PXDN) in ovarian cancer and its potential mechanisms. Methods: The expression of PXDN in ovarian cancer tissues and its relationship with the prognosis of patients was analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Kapplan- Meier Plotter database, respectively. The expression of PXDN in 79 cases of serous ovarian cancer and 137 cases of benign ovarian cyst was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its clinical significance was analyzed. The expression of PXDN gene in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OV15 cells was knocked down by using siRNA-PXDN, then the effects of PXDN gene silencing on the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell chamber assay and scratch healing test, respectively. The PXDN gene silenced ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells transfected with shRNA-PXDN were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (10 ng/mL). Then the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein E-cadherin and fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β pathway-related protein Snail1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) and p-Smad3 were detected by Western blotting. Results: The expression of PXDN in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tissues (P < 0.001), and the high expression of PXDN was associated with the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients (P < 0.001). Silencing PXDN gene expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OV15 cells (all P < 0.001). After the PXDN gene silenced SKOV3 cells were treated with TGF-β, the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the expression level of FN was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), but the expressions of Smad2 and Smad3 were not changed, while the expression levels of Snail1, Smad4, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01). Conclusion: PXDN can regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in ovarian cancer through TGF-β/Smad pathway.
RESUMEN
Objective To document peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking ovarian malignancy in elderly post-menopausal women and to review pertinent literature.Methods The records of 3 women with peritoneal tuberculosis who were managed at Beijing Hospital from January 2003 to September 2009 were reviewed.Results Three patients with peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking ovarian malignancy all presented with the classical symptoms of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma,including ascites,abdominopelvic masses,elevated serum CA125,bloating and progressive emaciation.Two patients received laparotomy revealing peritoneal tuberculosis but no malignancy.All the patients were treated with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.Conclusions Medical awareness of peritoneal tuberculosis is still lacking and many women with this disease are initially thought to have ovarian malignancy and undergo unnecessary extended surgery.Laparoscopy including biopsies seems to be a sufficient and safe method to provide diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis.If laparoscopy is not feasible,laparotomy should be performed.Ascites and high level of CA125 do not necessarily indicate that the clinical picture is malignant in post-menopausal women.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the relationship between WWOX gene and attachment and adhesion of ovarian cancer. Methods The expression of WWOX mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, the expression of the WWOX protein was evaluated by western blot in WWOX-transfected PEO1 cells (H6, H7, H8 cell) and vector-transfected control cells (vec-1, vec-2 cell). Attachment assay was used to assess the adhesion of the tranafection in PEOI cells via culturing the cells on the pre-coated fibronectin wells. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knockdown the endogenous expression of WWOX in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line by liposome. Attachment assay was detected the adhesion to fibronectin after gene silencing. Restdts RT-PCR showed that expression of mRNA WWOX in exon9 was in all transfection cells (H6, H7, H8, vec-1, vec-2 cell ). Western blot showed that expression of WWOX protein was in the WWOX-transfected cells (H6, H7, H8 cell ), but not in the vector-transfected cells (vec-1, vec-2 cell ). Attachment assay showed that H6, H7, H8 cell (0.098±0.003, 0.091±0.004, 0.099±0.003) adhered more slowly to fibronectin than vec-1, vec-2 cell (0.185±0.003, 0.175±0.006) and non-transfected PEO1 cell (0.211±0.007), and demonstrated significantly reduced adhesion after 2 hours (P ＜ 0.01). A2780 adhesive cells that WWOX gene be knockdown was 0.059±0.005, adhered more significantly rapid than those untreated cells that was 0.029±0.003 after treated 30 minutes (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions WWOX gene can suppress adhesion to fibronectin in ovarian cancer cells. This suggests an important role for loss of WWOX gene in promoting attachment and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells on loco-regional peritoneum, and further resulting in enhancing loco-regional peritoneal tumor invasiveness and spread.