RESUMEN
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new technique that can measure the hemoglobin changes in brain tissue. Depending on the absorption for different wavelength, relative changes in the concentration of hemoglobin in brain can be measured, obtaining the hemodynamic characteristics of brain to understand the brain functional state in real-time. Compared with other neuroimaging techniques, it has some advantages and has been used in psychiatry rapidly. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders, researches on its pathogenesis have focused on collection of structural and functional alteration in brain. Existing techniques can provide only indirect evidence, while fNIRS can perform brain function monitoring in real-time. A number of studies have suggested that fNIRS signal could be used as a biomarker for schizophrenia identification and adjuvant diagnosis. This paper reviewed the research progress in the application of fNIRS in schizophrenia.
RESUMEN
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new technique that can measure the hemoglobin changes in brain tissue. Depending on the absorption for different wavelength, relative changes in the concentration of hemoglobin in brain can be measured, obtaining the hemodynamic characteristics of brain to understand the brain functional state in real-time. Compared with other neuroimaging techniques, it has some advantages and has been used in psychiatry rapidly. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders, researches on its pathogenesis have focused on collection of structural and functional alteration in brain. Existing techniques can provide only indirect evidence, while fNIRS can perform brain function monitoring in real-time. A number of studies have suggested that fNIRS signal could be used as a biomarker for schizophrenia identification and adjuvant diagnosis. This paper reviewed the research progress in the application of fNIRS in schizophrenia.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the effect from local vibration stimulus on the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin change of biceps muscles. Methods Arm Vibration Massage Band was used by twelve volunteers(female college students) to receive the local vibration stimulus. By using the Near Infrared Spectroscopy, the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles were measured at 10th minute before vibration, 10th minute during vibration and at 15th minute after vibration, respectively, to get the variation tendency at each minute. Repeated measured one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the test Results. Results The total hemoglobin of biceps muscles was significantly increased at 15th minute after vibration (P<0.05), and the total oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles was significantly increased at 10th minute during vibration and 15th minute after vibration (P<0.05). The maximum value of the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin occurred at 5th minute during 10-minute vibration stimulus, and compared with 10th minute before vibration, the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin could continue to be higher at 15th minute after vibration with a stable tendency. Conclusions The local vibration stimulus can acutely increase the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles, which can reach the maximum value with sustained vibration stimulus for at least 5 minutes.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is believed that an increase in the level of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is an important compensatory mechanism that allows satisfactory tissue oxygenation in hypoxic patients. This study measured the level of 2,3-diphophoglycerate and the factors affecting its concentration, as well as the position of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve in patients with end-stage liver disease. METHODS: Fifty patients receiving liver transplantation (experimental group) and forty-five healthy donors (control group) were enrolled in this study. Arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference, whole body oxygen delivery and consumption were measured after determining the hemodynamic parameters including cardiac output in the experimental group. The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level was measured using assay procedures. The P50 value was used to determine the position of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. RESULTS: The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level was higher in patients with end-stage liver disease than in the controls. A 0.3 g/L increase in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration corresponded to a P50 increase in 1.2 mmHg with a rightward displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration showed a significant correlation with the PaO2, Ca-vO2, P50, and blood lactate level, but not with the hemodynamic parameters such as the cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, and pH. CONCLUSIONS: End-stage liver disease is associated with an increase in the level of the erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and P50. This is believed to be an important compensatory mechanism to allow better tissue oxygenation. An increase in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level correlates well with the oxygenation parameters, rather than with the hemodynamic parameters.