Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Enterobius vermicularis (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in the Prehistoric Americas

Investigations of Enterobius sp. infection in prehistory have produced a body of data that can be used to evaluate the geographic distribution of infection through time in the Americas. Regional variations in prevalence are evident. In North America, 119 pinworm positive samples were found in 1,112 samples from 28 sites with a prevalence of 10.7%. Almost all of the positive samples came from agricultural sites. From Brazil, 0 pinworm positive samples were found in 325 samples from 7 sites. For the Andes region, 22 pinworm positive samples were found in 411 samples from 26 sites for a prevalence of 5.3%. Detailed analyses of these data defined several trends. First, preagricultural sites less frequently show evidence of infection compared to agricultural populations. This is especially clear in the data from North America, but is also evident in the data from South America. Second, there is an apparent relationship between the commonality of pinworms in coprolites and the manner of constructing villages. These analyses show that ancient parasitism has substantial value in documenting the range of human behaviors that influence parasitic infections.

Nematode parasite, Auchenacantha spp of flying lemur, Cynocephalus variegatus (Audebert, 1799) from Indonesia：Morphological study with SEM

To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri (A. galeopteri), Auchenacanthaspinosa (A. spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva (A. parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Specimens for SEM examination were processed according to Bozzola. Measurements were given in micrometers (μm) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated. Results: The measurements of Auchenacantha spp are same with those of previously described. The striations of male and female A. galeopteri are widen towards outside and wavy. The mouth of female with 6 lips, each of them is wider at base than distal end in A. galeopteri and rectangular in A. spinosa. Both species have dentiform protrusion from inner surface of lips, such structure absent in A. parva, but the lips with transverse festoon like pattern at anterior end of each lip. Conclusions: Using SEM, the lip and the striation pattern of three species of Auchenacantha can be clearly distinguished. Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon are new locality of A. galeopteri and A. spinosa , and A. parva is the new record in Indonesia.

Nematode parasite, Auchenacantha spp of flying lemur, Cynocephalus variegatus (Audebert, 1799) from Indonesia: Morphological study with SEM

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri (A. galeopteri), Auchenacantha spinosa (A. spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva (A. parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Specimens for SEM examination were processed according to Bozzola. Measurements were given in micrometers (µm) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The measurements of Auchenacantha spp are same with those of previously described. The striations of male and female A. galeopteri are widen towards outside and wavy. The mouth of female with 6 lips, each of them is wider at base than distal end in A. galeopteri and rectangular in A. spinosa. Both species have dentiform protrusion from inner surface of lips, such structure absent in A. parva, but the lips with transverse festoon like pattern at anterior end of each lip.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using SEM, the lip and the striation pattern of three species of Auchenacantha can be clearly distinguished. Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon are new locality of A. galeopteri and A. spinosa, and A. parva is the new record in Indonesia.</p>

Endoparasites of Steindachinerina brevipinna ( Eigenmann andEigenmann, 1889 ), collected in the tributaries Corvo and Guairacáof Paranapanema river, Paraná State, Brazil / Endoparasitos de Steindachinerina brevipinna (Eigenmann e Eigenmann, 1889), coletados nos tributários Corvo e Guairacá do rio Paranapanema, Paraná, Brasil

Steindachnerina brevipinna is a freshwater fish from the Curimatidae family,and its occurrence is restricted to some South American countries (Argentina, Brazil,Paraguay and Uruguay), distributed in the Paraguay, lower and upper Paraná and lowerUruguay rivers. There are no parasitological studies related to this fish. The present studyrecords and illustrates a species of digenean, Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum fromsubfamily Diplostominae, present on the ovary and three species of nematodes,Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos, 1949, Travnema travnema Pereira, 1938, Spinoxyuris sp., ofsuperfamily Oxyuridea, parasitizing the intestine of S. brevipinna collected in the tributariesGuairacá and Corvo of the Paranapanema River, Parana State, Brazil.

Steindachnerina brevipinna é um peixe dulcícola da família Curimatidae e suaocorrência é restrita a alguns países da América do Sul (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai eUruguai) e estão distribuídos nos rios Paraguai, baixo e alto Paraná e baixo Uruguai. Aindanão existem estudos parasitológicos relacionados a esse peixe. No presente trabalho foramregistrados e ilustrados uma espécie de digêneo, Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum Dubois,1936 da subfamília Diplostominae presente no ovário e três espécies de nematodas,Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos, 1949, Travnema travnema Pereira, 1938 e Spinoxyuris sp.,pertencentes à superfamília Oxyuridea localizados no intestino, para os espécimes de S.brevipinna coletados nos tributários Corvo e Guairacá do rio Paranapanema, Estado doParaná, Brasil.