Influence of Different Plant Growth Regulators and Boron on Growth, Yield and Sex Expression of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol.) under Garhwal Valley

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India during summer season, 2018-19. The existing experiment was laid out in randomized block design following 13 treatments replicated thrice. The various growth parameters as well as yield attributes and yield were recorded during the experimentation. The result of the present investigation showed that GA3 @ 50 mg/kg was registered as the best treatment in terms of vine length (376.13 cm), fruits per vine (6.60), sex ratio (F:M) 1:11.07 and yield per vine (1357.33 g) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% with relation to the number of main branches per vine (10.87), length of fruit (24.57 cm), diameter of fruit (90.10 mm), yield per plot (10.29 kg/plot) and yield per hectare (457.33 q) in bottle gourd. However, GA3 @ 50 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% number of node per vine (24.27), number of node bearing first flower GA3 50 @ mg/kg(4.20) and NAA @ 150 mg/kg(4.20), weight of fruit NAA @ 100 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% (838.0 g) , total soluble solid GA3 @ 30 mg/kg(5.04 ºBrix) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid (12.90 mg/100g). The cultivar (Pusa Naveen) gives better response with the application of GA3 @ 50 mg/kg for sex expression and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% for various growth and yield parameters. It can be recommended to enhance the production of bottle gourd under Garhwal valley of Uttarakhand.

Unlocking the Potential: Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Hybrid Rice Growth, Grain Yield and Harvest Index

Aim: This research focused on rice, especially in Asia, and examined how plant growth regulators, including hormones and synthetic compounds, affect crucial plant processes. The findings strongly support the use of foliar Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) application to enhance hybrid rice growth, grain yield, and harvest index, promising advancements in agriculture.Study Design: Randomised Block Design with 11 treatments.Place and Duration of Study: The study, conducted at the Student Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology in Kanpur, aimed to investigate the impact of foliar application of plant growth regulators on rice growth and yield during 2021 and 2022.Methodology: The experiment employed a rigorous randomized block design, testing various treatments involving the foliar application of IAA (25 & 50 ppm), IBA (25 & 50 ppm), NAA (25 & 50 ppm), Ascorbic Acid (50 & 100 ppm), and Kinetin (5 & 10 ppm). The profound effects of these different regulator concentrations were observed at key developmental stages, including tillering, anthesis, dough, and maturity.Results: Significant improvements in growth parameters, such as leaf and stem dry weights per plant, along with total leaf area per plant, were evident with the application of IAA at 50 ppm. Moreover, a notable increase in grain yield per plant and harvest index was observed at maturity, primarily with the foliar spray of IAA at 50 ppm, followed closely by IAA at 25 ppm. This consistent trend was also observed in yield-related attributes.Conclusion: The use of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) significantly impacted plant growth and yield, including leaf and stem dry weights, leaf area, grain yield, and harvest index, showing promise for enhancing hybrid rice production.

Effect of Foliar Feeding of Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrients on Leaf Nutrient Status of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Gwalior-27

The investigation entitled “Effect of foliar feeding of plant growth regulators and nutrients on leaf nutrient status of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Gwalior-27” was carried out in the Fruit Orchard, Department of Horticulture, R.V.S.K.V.V, CoA, Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh during mrig-bahar of 2021-22. The field experiment was laid under FRBD (Factorial randomized block design) which contain 20 treatments and were replicated thrice. The result indicated that the leaf nitrogen content (%) as well as leaf calcium content (%) was affected significantly. The highest N content (2.74%) and leaf calcium content (0.75%) were found with M3 (Ca(NO3)2 2%). However, the plant growth regulators and nutrient spray individually and their interactions both had non-significant effect on both leaf P as well as K content. Maximum leaf boron content (90.67 ppm) and leaf zinc content (60.58 ppm) was obtained with M1 (Borax 0.4%) and M2 (ZnSO4 0.5%) respectively. Therefore, based on the experimental findings it can be concluded that foliar feeding of PGR’s and nutrients was an effective way for enhancing the leaf nutrient status of guava. The effect of nutrients was found to be effective in maximising the leaf N content, leaf boron content, leaf zinc content and leaf calcium content significantly. Although, foliar feeding of various concentrations of PGR’s and nutrients independently as well as their interaction effect did not impact any change in the leaf P and K content of the leaf.

The Implications of Growth-Regulating Substances on Growth and Yield Traits of Cauliflower

Background: Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance of the different levels of GA3 and NAA as foliar spray on growth and yield attributes of cauliflower cv. Pusa Snowball KT-25 at Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat.Methods: The experiment was framed in Randomized Block Design with three replications, which included nine treatments.Results: The results revealed that the application of GA3 @ 150 mg l-1 (T5) recorded higher values for growth character viz., plant height (69.26 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (29.67), length of stalk (6.54 cm) as well as plant spread in N-S (69.48 cm) and E-W (71.70 cm). In case of yield attributes, the same treatment GA3 @ 150 mg l-1 (T5) at 40 and 60 DATP exhibited maximum curd diameter (17.80 cm), gross weight of curd (2.88 kg plant-1), net weight of curd (789.59 g plant-1), yield plot-1 (20.23 kg) and yield hectare-1 (31.22 t) followed by NAA @ 80 mg l-1 (T7). Whereas, days to 50 % curd initiation and days to first marketable curd did not show any significant differences.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Morphology, Flowering, Maturity, Yield Attributes, and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik.)

Comprehensively, nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a quiet epidemic in many underdeveloped nations. Nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a global problem in most developing countries. Lentil is one of the most important and nutritious Rabi pulse in India. It’s a leguminous crop that improves the soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. In this contest an experiment was conducted to study the enhancement of plant growth, chlorophyll content, flowering, yield and seed protein content by plant growth regulators in DPL-62 lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik) variety during two Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Five growth regulators viz. triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), gibberellic acid (GA3), cytokinin, indole acetic acid (IAA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used in Eleven treatments were tested T1: Control, T2: 25 ppm TIBA, T3: 50 ppm TIBA, T4: 25 ppm GA3, T5: 50 ppm GA3, T6: 5 ppm Cytokinin, T7: 10 ppm Cytokinin, T8: 25 ppm IAA, T9: 50 ppm IAA, T10: 25 ppm NAA, T11: 50 ppm NAA. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (38.12 & 38.15 cm at harvest) was obtained by the 50 ppm GA3 followed by 50 ppm IAA (37.00 & 38.10 cm at harvest) spray at all stages. However, the 50 ppm TIBA showed better results (per plant) viz., number of branches (15.00, 15.33 at 110DAS), leaf area (86.50, 86.32 at 110DAS), number of pods (160.20, 160.37), pod setting (65.45, 65.50%), seed weight (2.02, 2.10g), test weight (27.32, 27.39g) and seed yield (1500.00, 1510.00 kg ha-1) of lentil as compared to all other treatments. The maximum days of flowering (67.50, 67.85) and days of maturity. On the basis of the observed results the growing of DPL-60 lentil variety with foliar applications of 50 ppm TIBA is recommended for the farmers of the test area for greater production and profitability.

Response of Plant Growth Regulators on Vegetative Growth, and Flower Quality of Chrysanthemum at Central India

A study on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth of chrysanthemum was carried out at K.N.K. College of Horticulture, Mandsaur. Experiment was laid out in completely randomized design(CRD) with three replications. Chrysanthemum cultivar- Hybrid-2 was used for the experiment. Six PGR treatments consisting of three concentrations each of GA and NAA i.e., GA3 (100, 150 & 200 ppm) and NAA (75 ppm, 125 ppm and 200 ppm) were applied to the experiment. GA3 (200 ppm) recorded the maximum values for plant height, plant spread, number of branches / plant, number of leaves/ plant, leaf length (cm), leaf stalk length (cm), number of suckers per plant, number of flowers per plant, flower stalk length (cm), flower diameter and flowering duration as well as the earliest first flower bud appearance and first flower opening. This treatment also recorded the longest vase life of cut flowers (days), the maximum total water uptake in vase and the maximum diameter of fully opened flower in vase life.

Concordance between core needle biopsy and surgical specimen for oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in breast cancer

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>This study aimed to analyse the concordance rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of core needle biopsy (CNB) and subsequent surgical specimen (SS) in assessing levels of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). It also evaluated the revised American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines for ER/PgR positivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analysed the breast cancer database of KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from 1 June 2005 to 30 December 2012. Invasive breast cancer patients who had CNB and subsequent SS were included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 560 patients were included. The concordance of ER, PgR and HER2/neu positivity between CNB and SS was 96.1%, 89.1% and 96.8%, respectively. When the 'ER ≥ 10% positive' group was compared with the 'ER ≥ 1% positive' group, specificity increased from 79.7% to 92.5% and PPV increased from 93.9% to 97.5%. When the 'PgR ≥ 10% positive' group was compared with the 'PgR ≥ 1% positive' group, specificity increased from 84.2% to 89.3% and PPV improved from 89.7% to 92.9%. The revised ASCO/CAP guidelines decreased discordant results by > 50% for ER and by 18.2% for PgR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CNB has high concordance with SS in the evaluation of the molecular profile of invasive breast cancer. Thus, molecular evaluation does not need to be repeated with SS except for ER-, PgR- and HER2/neu-negative CNB results. The revised ASCO/CAP guidelines resulted in more precise ER and PgR status on CNB.</p>

Antioxidant activity in heterogeneous and homogeneous system of the resinous exudates from Heliotropium stenophylum and H. sinuatum and of 3-O-methylgalangin their main component / Actividad antioxidante en sistema heterogéneo y homogéneo de los exudados resinosos de Heliotropium stenophyllum y H. sinuatum y de 3-O-methylgalangina su componente mayoritario

The antioxidant activity of resinous extracts obtained from H. stenophylum and H. sinuatum species, was evaluated through ORAC index (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) in water phase and in presence of Triton X-100 micelles, using as test molecules to pyrogallol red (PGR) and evaluating their reduction by the action of peroxyl radicals obtained from thermolysis of AAPH. The results show that these extracts protect to PGR of the action of the radicals. This protection is reduced drastically in the presence of Triton X-100 micelles. The same effect was observed with the main flavonoid of these extracts (3-O-methylgalangin). These results show the importance of the media of reaction of pure compounds and/or extracts at the time of to take into account their use as antioxidants.

La actividad antioxidante de exudados resinosos obtenidos desde las especies H. stenophylum y H. sinuatum, fue evaluada a través del ensayo ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) en fase acuosa y en presencia de micelas de Triton X-100, usando como molécula prueba a pirogalol rojo (PGR) y evaluando su reducción frente a la acción de radicales peróxidos obtenidos desde la termólisis de AAPH. Los resultados muestran que estos extractos protegen al PGR de la acción de los radicales. Esta protección es reducida drásticamente en presencia de micelas de Tritón X-100. El mismo efecto fue observado con el flavonoide mayoritario de estos extractos (3-O-metilgalangina). Estos resultados muestran la importancia de considerar el medio de reacción de compuestos puros y/o extractos al momento de tomar en cuenta su uso como antioxidantes.

Analysis of promoter methylation of GNAS1 gene in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The methylation status of GNAS1 gene in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib patients was detected by methylation-specific PGR technique. There was an abnormal methylation of 1A region in all seven PHPIb patients. Loss of exon 1A methylation (imprinting defect) seems to be the cause of PHPIb.