La vertical verdadera al punto A´(blando), al Pg´(blando), al Labrale superior y al Labrale inferior en posición ideal asistida de la cabeza (PIAC) / The true vertical from point A´(soft), to Pg´ (soft), to superior Labrale and inferior Labrale in Ideal Assisted Head Position (PIAC)

El 81,3% de una encuesta realizada a 96 ortodoncistas y ortopedistas calificados y técnicos radiólogos consultados informan que ubican la cabeza del paciente en una posición ideal, subjetiva del profesional instruido que lo asiste, ya que muchas de sus fotografías y telerradiografías no son posiciones naturales de la cabeza genuinas. Se ha utilizado la vertical verdadera como parámetro para mediciones, todas angulares, para definir la disposición ánteroposterior del punto A´ (de construcción) para el cuerpo del labio superior, el punto Pg´para el mentón, el Labrale superior y el Labrale inferior para el bermellón de cada labio, con la finalidad de planificar correcciones ortopédicas, ortodóncicas u ortodóncicas-quirúrgicas de acuerdo a la anomalía detectada (AU)

A study to evaluate the knowledge of ASHA workers on antenatal and postnatal care in Bijapur district.

Background: The discourse on the ASHA’s role centres around three typologies - ASHA as an activist, ASHA as a link worker or facilitator, and ASHA as a community level health care provider. She will counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breastfeeding and complementary feeding, immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of antenatal and postnatal care of ASHA workers. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 132 ASHA workers selected from 5 random PHCs in Bijapur taluk. Data was collected in a prestructured proforma using interview technique from June to October, 2012. Results: Most of the ASHA (68.1%) considered minimum of 3 postnatal visits after the normal vaginal delivery. Around 73.4% were aware that the new born child is to be wrapped up in the cloth soon after birth to prevent hypothermia. Majority (735.%) were aware about the duration of exclusive breastfeeding to be practiced by the lactating mother. 69.7% of the respondents said the duration of breastfeeding should be between 18-24 months. Conclusions: Self-explanatory, specific financial guidelines should be made available within time to the programme managers. Under the cascade model of training to the ASHA, trainings should provide complete knowledge and skills to the trainees within the stipulated time. Quality of training should be enhanced and refresher trainings should be planned regularly.

Awareness of maternal health services among micro health insurance beneficiaries.

Background: Micro insurance for health is one method to address unmet health needs. Women are the primary and target market for micro- insurance for health. The study was conducted to assess the level of awareness on maternal health services among the micro health insurance beneficiaries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 230 micro health insurance beneficiaries and 223 non-insured. The beneficiaries belonged to SAJIDA Foundation under Keraniganj thana and the non- insured belonged to Basila under Mohammadpur thana of Dhaka district. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the sample and data were collected by face to face interview using a structured interview schedule. Results: The mean age ± SD of the women were 28.1 years ± 5.7 and 24.8 years ± 4.9 in program and comparison area respectively. The mean family income of the respondents of program and comparison area were 14489.13 Tk ± 12641.17 and 6814.35 Tk ± 3010. The women of the program area were more aware about the different components of maternal health than that of comparison area. Majority (93.9%) of women in program area were fully aware of maternal health services than that of comparison area (55.6%). Statistically significant (P <0.001, 2 = 90.72, df = 2) association was found between micro health insurance and level of awareness. Conclusions: Study shows higher proportions of women in programme area were aware on different components of maternal health services than in comparison area. Based on the study findings it can be recommended that steps should be taken to further improvement of the level of awareness on the factors influencing maternal health and the comparison area needs special attention to improve maternal health.

Determinants of maternal care utilization among young Muslim women in India

Indian Muslims, compared to their counterparts from other religions, lag behind on several yardsticks related to socioeconomic progress and the same is true with maternal health care utilization. Due to low age at marriage among Muslims, a majority of births is ascribed to young (15-24 years) mothers, which pose serious concerns on the maternal health care of Young Married Muslim women (YMMW). A thorough search of past literatures on Muslim women’s maternal health care reveals that the research on the determinants of maternal health care utilization among Muslim women is almost absent. Retrieving data from the National Family Health Survey -3 (2005-06) this study attempts to assess the level of utilization and factors effecting three key maternal health indicators [Full Antenatal Care (ANC), safe delivery and Postnatal Care (PNC)] among YMMW (15-24 years) in India. Bi-variate analysis and chi-square test was applied and variables which were found to be significant were further included in binary logistic regression. The findings of the study reveal abysmally low levels of utilization for all three indicators of maternal health care i.e. full ANC, safe delivery and PNC. Multivariate analysis reveals that no mass media exposure, lower autonomy, education, poor economic background, higher birth order and unintended pregnancy are some of the reasons behind low maternal health care utilization. The study suggests educating Muslim girls, promoting family planning use, involving media and collaboration between religious leader and health care system could be some important policy level interventions to address the unmet need of maternity services among YMMW. Existing government policies and programs should integrate YMMW who are poor and belong to backward states with poor demographic indicators.​

Health Seeking Behaviour and MCH Care Practices in Fishermen Community.

Background: All people, whether rural or urban, have their own beliefs and practices concerning health and disease. It is now widely recognized that cultural factors are deeply involved in all affairs of man, including health and sickness. The problem affecting the health of the mother and the child are multi-factorial. Despite current efforts, the health of the mother and the child still constitutes one of the most serious health problems affecting the community, particularly in the developing countries. Objectives: The following study was carried out to find the: i) Health seeking behaviour of mother for illnesses in children; ii) Status of antenatal care and postnatal care amongst women of fishermen community. Materials and Methods: Women of fishermen community in the Macchipura area of Khambat falling in the age group of 15-45 and having at least one child in the age group 1-2 year (above 1year and less than 2 years) were selected for the study. Results and Conclusions: A total of 64(87.6 %) mothers would like to go to a doctor in case of medical needs. 22(30.13%) mothers took ANC. All the 22 mothers were given TT injection as well as Iron folic acid tablets. Blood pressure was measured in 21 women and also the weight was taken in these women. 66 (90.41%) deliveries were conducted by trained dai in that area. Antenatal and postnatal care services need to be strengthened for these fisherwomen. The good thing was that a good proportion of mothers were willing to go to a doctor besides having an inclination to practice the traditional ways.

Introducing of the Novel Midsagittal Line for Diagnosis of Craniofacial Asymmetry With P. A Cephalometry Radiography / Introdução de uma Nova Linha Média Sagital para Diagnóstico de AssimetriaCraniofacial com Radiografia Cefalométrica P.A.

Objetivo: Determinação da linha de referência sagital mediana (LRSM), para avaliação de assimetrias craniofaciais, traçando uma linha paralela da crista galli à linha vertical verdadeira, em cefalometria PA, utilizando a técnica da posição natural da cabeça (PNC).Metodologia: 60 indivíduos (30 homens e 30 mulheres, com idade variando de 9 a 13 anos, de uma população iraniana), com oclusão normal Classe I sem história de tratamento ortodôntico ou cirurgia mandibular, foram selecionados no Departamento de Ortodontia, Universidade de Shahid Beheshti, MC Faculdade de Odontologia, Teerã, Irã, 2009-2010. Os pacientes não portavam supranumerários ou ausência dentária, nem anormalidade esquelética. Radiografias cefelométricas PA foram obtidas para todas as amostras pela técnica da posição natural da cabeça (PNC). A linha sagital mediana também foitraçada paralelamente da corrente pendurada à referência intracraniana selecionada (crista galli). Esta linha é a linha vertical verdadeira. A linha horizontal verdadeira foi traçada perpendicularmente à corrente pendurada da crista galli (Cg). Mensurou-se a assimetria craniofacial com medições linear, angular e trigonométrica por meio de radiografias cefalométricas PA pela técnica da posição natural da cabeça (PNC), usando as verdadeiras linhas vertical e horizontal. As diferenças médias entre as medidas acima nos lados direito e esquerdo foram analisadas pelo teste t.Resultados: Cada variável foi avaliada independentemente; os valores da média e desvio padrão foram calculados separadamente. Ademais, relações transversais foram preparadas na nossa amostra (faixa etária de 9 a 13 anos). Todos os pacientes eram descendentes iranianos.

Para a validação da linha media sagital (LMS), foi medida a distância entre a espinha nasal anterior (ENA) e o Mento (Me).Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo evidenciam que a cefalometria PA com a técnica da posição natural da cabeça (PNC) pode medir a assimetria facial com o nível de 96% de intervalo de confiança. Contudo, a introdução da linha média sagital pelo uso da técnica da posição natural da cabeça (PNC) poderia fornecer a capacidade de diagnosticar assimetrias faciais

Objective: Determination of midsagittal reference line (MSL) for craniofacial asymmetries assessment by drawing a line from crista gali parallel to true vertical line in PA cephalometry , using NHP technique. Method: 60 samples (30 males and 30 females, within the age range of 9-13 years old Iranian population) were selected with normal Class I occlusion without any history of orthodontic or jaw surgery treatments in Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. Iran, 2009-2010. Patients had no supernumerary or missing teeth and any skeletal anomaly. PA cephalometry radiographs were taken from all samples with NHP technique. The midsagittal line was also traced parallel to the hanging chain from our selected intracranial reference point (Crista gali). This line is a true vertical line. True horizontal line traced perpendicular to the hanging chain from Crista gali (Cg). We assessed craniofacial symmetry with linear, angular and trigonometrical measurements in PA cephalometric radiographs by NHP technique, using true vertical and horizontal lines. The mean differences of above measurements in left and right sides were analyzed by T- test.Results: Each variable was measured independently; then the mean values and S.D was calculated separately. Also, transverse ratios were prepared in our samples (age range of 9-13 years). All patients were from Iranian decent. For midsagittal line (MSL) validity, the ANS (Anterior Nasal Spine) distance in the middle third and Me (Menton) distance in lower third from MSL was measured.Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that P.A.cephalometry with NHP technique could assess the facial symmetry with the rate 96% confidence interval. Therefore, the introduced midsagittal line by using NHP Technique, could prove the ability for diagnosis of facial asymmetries

Estudo comparativo entre avaliações esqueléticas e do perfil tegumentar utilizadas no diagnóstico ortodôntico sagital / Comparative study between skeletal and tegumental measurements used in sagital orthodontic diagnosis

OBJETIVO: este trabalho objetivou comparar o diagnóstico de grandezas cefalométricas angulares e lineares rotineiramente utilizadas na determinação da posição sagital das bases ósseas, comparando-as com o diagnóstico de medidas lineares de tecido tegumentar, verificando a possibilidade ou não de concordância entre elas. METODOLOGIA: analisou-se 30 telerradiografias, obtidas em norma lateral e em posição natural da cabeça (PNC), de jovens do gênero feminino, entre 20 e 26 anos de idade (média de 21,3 anos). Comparou-se os diagnósticos das medidas cefalométricas sagitais (SNA, SNB, profundidade facial, profundidade maxilar, Nperp-A e Nperp-P) entre si e com os das medidas sagitais tegumentares (Snvert-Ls, Snvert-Li e Snvert-Pog'). Resultados e CONCLUSÃO: os resultados permitiram concluir que ocorreu uma fraca concordância entre os diagnósticos sugeridos pelas medidas esqueléticas e tegumentares, bem como aquele sugerido pelas diferentes medidas esqueléticas, quando comparados entre si.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate skeletal measures used in sagital diagnosis of both jaws in comparison with tegumental measures, verifying the agreement between themselves. METHODS: Cephalometric radiographs in natural head position were obtained from 30 white females, between 20 and 26 years of age, mean 21,3 years. Cephalometric tracings were taken and the following measurements recorded: SNA, SNB, Facial depth, Maxillary depth, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pog, and then compared to the tegumental measurements Snvert-Ls, Snvert-Li Snvert-Pog'. Results and CONCLUSIONS: The results showed low agreement between the diagnosis proposed by different hard tissue and soft tissue analysis, as well as the different hard tissue measures when compared to themselves.