Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important pulse legumes in many parts of the world. India is largest producer of chickpea in the world, sharing 65 and 70 % of the total global area and production, respectively. Different weed control practices use of herbicides were followed for better management. Application of herbicide at critical growth stages followed by one or two hand weeding at proper time or manipulation of row spacing for improving the weed suppressing effect of crops gives marginal improvement in crop yield. A field experiment titled “Effects of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) One hand weeding at 20 DAS, (T2) Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE), (T4) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T7) Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3 EC @ 60 g ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T9) Weed free and (T10) Weedy Check. The recommended dose of fertilizer (30:60:30 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. PBG-7 variety of chickpea was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Application of (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Thus, study suggest that chickpea can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS.

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Weed management in mungbean is one of the most efficient ways to improve its growth, as uncontrolled weed growth causes a significant decrease in crop growth. Effects of various herbicides applied at different rates as pre-emergence or as post-emergence were studied on growth characterstics in mungbean. It is usually infested and its growth parameter is adversely affected by a number of weed species that compete with the crop from germination to harvest, affecting the crop growth adversely. A field experiment titled “Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, District Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE, (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Imezathapyr 10% SL @ 70 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T4) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Oxyfluoren @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Quizolofop ethyl @ 50 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 70 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T7) One-hand weeding at 25 DAS, (T8) Two-hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAS, (T9) Weedy check and (T10) Weed free. The recommended dose of fertilizer (20:40:20 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. Pusa Baishaki variety of mungbean was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Data on growth characters revealed that application of (T2) Pendimethalin 30EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and trifoliate leaves which was statistically at par with (T3), (T4) and (T5). Thus, study suggest that mungbean can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS.

Points of entry dynamics: understanding the cross-border threats for Ebola virus disease and COVID-19 in Ghana using a logic model approach

Background. The influx of people across the national borders of Ghana has been of interest and concern in the public health and national security community in recent times due to the low capacity for the prevention and management of epidemics and other public health risks. Although the International Health Regulations (IHR) stipulate core public health capacities for designated border facilities such as international airports, seaports, and ground crossings, contextual factors that influence the attainment of effective public health measures and response capabilities remain understudied. Objective. To assess the relationship between contextual factors and COVID-19 procurement to help strengthen infrastructure resources for points of entry (PoE) public health surveillance functions, thereby eliminating gaps in the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of pandemicrelated interventions in Ghana. Materials and Methods. This study employed a mixed-methods design, where quantitative variables were examined for relationships and effect size interactions using multiple linear regression techniques and the wild bootstrap technique. Country-level data was sourced from multiple publicly available sources using the social-ecological framework, logic model, and IHR capacity monitoring framework. The qualitative portion included triangulation with an expert panel to determine areas of convergence and divergence. Results. The most general findings were that laboratory capacity and KIA testing center positively predicted COVID-19 procurement, and public health response and airline boarding rule negatively predicted COVID-19 procurement. Conclusion. Contextual understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and Ebola epidemic is vital for strengthening PoE mitigation measures and preventing disease importation.

Descripción de elementos de radioprotección y dosimetría en unidades de cardiología intervencionista sudamericanas: un estudio piloto / Radioprotection and dosimetry in Interventional cardiology units in South America. a pilot study

ANTECEDENTES: Las unidades de Cardiología intervencional han evidenciado un número creciente de procedimientos, cada vez más variados y complejos, lo cual podría eventualmente generar daños a los profesionales ocupacionalmente expuestos a radiaciones ionizantes (POEs) de no contar con los adecuados elementos de radioprotección y un uso correcto de ellos. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la disponibilidad y utilización de los elementos de radioprotección y dosimetría de unidades de cardiología intervencionista de centros Sudamericanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta autoaplicada a 139 POEs, de ambos sexos de 7 países, a través de una plataforma on-line, se les consultó sobre características demográficas, dosimétricas y de radioprotección. RESULTADOS: Los elementos de radioprotección más tradicionales; delantales y cuellos plomados se utilizaron un 99,5 % y 98,4 % respectivamente, aquellos elementos más recientes como gafas, gorros y paños plomados solo alcanzaron un 36,8 %, 6,8 % y 34,2%, de utilización respectivamente, en cuanto a la utilización de los dosímetros, solo un 7,9 % lo hace apegado a las normas de la Organización Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). CONCLUSIÓN: Se constató en la muestra analizada una falta de elementos de radioprotección y un uso inadecuado de ellos, urge realizar intervenciones educativas y técnicas para mejorar estos datos.

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing number of interventional cardiology procedures currently performed, health professionals (POE) are exposed to ionizing radiation unless adequate protective elements are used. AIM: to describe the use of radioprotection elements and dosimetry in interventional cardiology laboratories in South America. METHODS: A self-administered survey was performed on 139 POE of both sexes and 7 countries using an online platform. Demographic data, dosimetry and characteristics of radioprotection analyzed. RESULTS: Commonly used radioprotective elements (lead aprons and collars) were used in 99.5% and 98% respectively. Recently introduced protection elements like lead goggles, caps and drapery were used in 36.8, 6.8 and 34.2% , respectively. Dosimetry according to the International Atomic Energy Commission (OIAE) was performed in only 7.9% of the procedures. CONCLUSION: there is a severe lack of adequate radioprotection during interventional cardiology procedures. Urgent measures, including technical implementation and educational interventions are needed to improve radioprotection in interventional cardiology.

Psicanálise e literatura: uma proposta de análise do conto Berenice / Psychoanalysis and literature: a proposal for analysis of the Berenice tale / Psicoanálisis y literatura: una propuesta de análisis del cuento Berenice / Psychanalyse et littérature: une proposition d'analyse de la nouvelle Bérénice

Este artigo trata de uma análise do conto Berenice, de Edgar Allan Poe. O conto faz parte de uma coletânea de histórias de terror e mistério, e está inserido no que se chama de literatura fantástica. A análise proposta tem por base a psicanálise, considerando seu entendimento como método de conhecimento a partir da interpretação, sem, contudo, desconsiderar elementos da crítica literária. Foram pontos marcantes nos resultados deste estudo o surgimento da psicanálise e da literatura fantástica, a questão do duplo, o espaço na narrativa, o onírico, as fantasias acerca da cena aterrorizante e a literatura de terror como possibilidade de acessar o estranho e o desamparo, assim como realizar o desejo de transgressão do sujeito.

This article deals with an analysis of the Berenice tale, by Edgar Allan Poe. The tale is part of a collection of horror and mystery stories, and is embedded in what is called fantastic literature. The proposed analysis is based on psychoanalysis, considering its understanding as a method of knowledge based on interpretation, without, however, disregarding elements of literary criticism. The emergence of psychoanalysis and fantastic literature, the question of the double, the space in the narrative, the dream, the fantasies about the terrifying scene and the literature of terror as the possibility of accessing the stranger and the helplessness were outstanding points in the results of this study, as well as realizing the subject's desire for transgression.

Este trabajo se refiere a un análisis del cuento Berenice, de Edgar Allan Poe. El cuento forma parte de una colección de historias de terror y misterio, y está inserido en la llamada literatura fantástica. El análisis propuesto está basado en el psicoanálisis, considerando su entendimiento como método de conocimiento a partir de la interpretación, sin desconsiderar elementos de la crítica literaria. Fueron puntos notables en los resultados de este trabajo el surgimiento del psicoanálisis y de la literatura fantástica, la cuestión del doble, el espacio en la narrativa, el onírico, las fantasías acerca de la escena aterradora y la literatura de terror como posibilidad de acceso al raro y al desamparo, como también realizar el deseo de transgresión del sujeto.

Cet article analyse la nouvelle Bérénice, par Edgar Allan Poe. La nouvelle fait partie d'une collection d'histoires d'horreur et de mystère et est intégrée à ce qu'on appelle la Littérature Fantastique. L'analyse proposée est basée sur la psychanalyse et considère sa compréhension comme une méthode de connaissance en partant de l'interprétation, au même temps qu'on ne néglige pas des éléments de la Critique Littéraire. L'émergence de la psychanalyse et de la Littérature Fantastique, la question du double, l'espace dans le récit, l'onirique, les fantaisies sur la scène terrifiante et la littérature d'horreur comme possibilité d'accéder à l'étrange et à l'impuissance ont été les points plus forts des résultats de cette étude, ainsi que réaliser le désir de la transgression par le sujet.

La implementación de procedimientos estandarizados en la prevención de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos. Conteo microbiológico del Staphylococcus aureus en quesos frescos / Implementation of standardized procedures to prevent diseases transmitted by foodstuffs. Microbiological count of Staphylococcus aureus in freshcheese

Introducción: las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son una problemática mundial a la que la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los países brindan una atención especial. Dentro de los grupos de alto riesgo se encuentran los productos de origen animal, como la leche y sus derivados. Staphylococcus aureus es un microorganismo causante de brotes de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, lo que genera la necesidad de estudiar la carga microbiana y establecer los controles adecuados. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad microbiológica en el proceso manufacturero en el área de producción de la Cooperativa de Producción Agropecuaria Chone LTDA, con el fin de asegurar la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus en el queso fresco 100% chonero. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad en cuatro fases. Se realizaron exámenes microbiológicos iniciales, se identificaron las causas esenciales de contaminación identificadas por observación directa, revisión de documentos y entrevistas, como base para la elaboración e implementación de POE (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados) y POES (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados de Saneamiento). Se cumplieron los requerimientos éticos y se realizaron los análisis estadísticos utilizando porcentaje e índices como medida resumen y con el uso de IBM SPSS, versión libre, realizándose regresión logística binaria para determinar la probabilidad de éxito al aplicar dichos procedimientos. Resultados: los análisis microbiológicos iniciales (antes de implementación de POE y POES), dieron como resultado: 98, 116, 79, 120 y 13 UFC/g para las muestras: DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 y DiQ5, respectivamente. Las causas esenciales de contaminación fueron falta de control microbiológico, falta de control del aspecto del personal y falta de control del agua) Una vez implementados los POE y POES, el análisis mostró ausencia en todas las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones: se concluye que la aplicación de POE y POES tiene un efecto significativo sobre la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus, con probabilidad de éxito del 100% (AU).

Introduction: Diseases transmitted by foodstuffs (DTF) are a worldwide problem that receives special attention by WHO and different countries. High risk groups include foodstuff of animal origin, like milk and its by-products. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for DTF outbreaks which generates the necessity of studying its microbial burden and establishing the adequate controls. Objective: to evaluate the microbiological quality of the manufacturing process in the production area of the Farming and Stockbreeding Cooperative Chone LTDA, to assure the absence of Staphylococcus aureus in the manufacturing process of fresh cheese. Materials and methods: A study to assess the quality in four stages was carried out: initial microbiological tests, identification of the essential contamination causes by direct observation, documental review and inquires. They were used to elaborate and implement the Standardized Operational Procedures (SOP) and the Standardized Operational Procedures of Sanitation (SOPS). The ethical requirements were fulfilled and the statistical tests were performed using percentages and indexes as summary measures through IBM SPSS, free version; binary logistic regression was made to determine the success when applying those procedures. Results: initial microbiological controls (before implementing SOP and SOPS) gave these results 98, 116, 79, 120, and 13 UFC/g for samples DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 and DiQ5 respectively. The main contamination causes were lack of microbiological control, lack of control on the staff's cleanliness and lack of control on the water. After implementing SOP and SOPS microbiological control found particularly clean samples. Conclusions: SOP and SOPS have a significant effect on the amount of Staphylococcus aureus, with 100% success probability (AU).

O conto policial e as origens da psicanálise / The mystery novel and the origins of psychoanalysis

A lenda de Édipo é a primeira aventura policial de nossa história e uma das mais modernas: um homem busca um assassino sem saber que é, ele próprio, este assassino. Freud ignora Sherlock Holmes, mas é para este que a reflexão ideal exige luz baixa e se recostar em um divã. Alguns contos de Edgar Allan Poe se tornaram passagens obrigatórias do pensamento psicanalítico francês, não sem problemas. Desde os primeiros estudos de Freud sobre Leonardo Da Vinci, a psicanálise aplicada sempre encontrou dificuldades, que talvez não sejam estranhas à técnica psicanalítica individual. Este artigo as examina.

The myth of Oedipus is the first mystery adventure of our time and one of the most modern: a man searches for a murderer without knowing that he himself is the criminal. Freud ignores Sherlock Holmes, but this is the one that an ideal reflection requires a dim light and a couch. Some stories by Edgar Allan Poe have become required passages in French psychoanalytic thought, not without some trouble. Since Freud's first studies on Leonardo Da Vinci, applied psychoanalysis has always encountered difficulties that may not be so different from the ones faced by individual psychoanalytic technique. This article examines them.

Frecuencia alélica de apolipoproteina E en una población aborigen / Apolipoprotein E allelic frequency in a native population

El polimorfismo de apolipoproteína E (apoE) es originado por los alelos e2, e3 y e4. El origen étnico demostró ser un factor determinante del genotipo de apoE; existen pocos estudios acerca de su distribución. Realizamos un estudio explorativo para determinar la frecuencia alélica (FA) de apoE en una muestra de una población de origen aborigen (PA) nacidos en la provincia de Chaco (Rep. Argentina) y emigrados a Rosario y/o descendientes de los mismos nacidos en la ciudad, y compararla con la de una población caucásica argentina (PC), dato no reportado hasta el momento. Para comparar la FA en ambas poblaciones (PA n: 71,1 a 45 años y PC n: 56, 5 a 17 años), el tamaño muestral fue calculado para lograr una estimación representativa de la población total con una confianza del 95%. Las muestras fueron reclutadas en forma aleatoria de individuos que aceptaron participar previo consentimiento firmado. La caracterización molecular se realizó por ASA­PCR. Para comparar la FA de PA con PC, se realizó el ensayo de hipótesis de una proporción bajo teoría normal. Los resultados de FA fueron: PC: e3 0,786 (IC 95% 0,679­0,893), e4 0,178 (IC 95% 0,078­0,278), e2 0,036 (IC 95% 0,000­0,084), PA: e3 0,880 (IC 95% 0,804-0,956), e4 0,084 (IC 95% 0,021­0,147), e2 0,035 (IC 95% 0,000­0,075). Se encontró diferencia significativa en la FA de e3 y e4 entre las poblaciones estudiadas. El tamaño y esquema de muestreo, etnia, factores ambientales y protocolos utilizados, podrían contribuir a la diversidad de los resultados.

The polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is originated by e2, e3 and e4 alleles. Ethnic origin has demonstrated to be a decisive factor for ApoE genotype. There are few studies about its distribution. We carried out this explorative study of the apoE genotype frequency (AF) in a native population (NP) born in the Chaco province and emigrated to Rosario (Argentina) and/or descendants in order to compare it with a Caucasian Argentinean population (CP), a fact that has not been reported yet. To compare the allelic frequency of both populations (NP n: 71. 1 to 45 yr and CP n: 56.5 to 17 yr), the sample size was calculated to achieve a representative estimation of total population with a confidence interval of 95%. Samples were randomly collected from individuals that accepted to participate and signed an informed consent. The molecular characterization was made by ASA­PCR. To compare the AF of both populations, the hypothesis assay of a proportion under a normal theory was carried out. The allelic frequencies (AF) in the PC were: e3 0.786 (IC 95% 0.679­0.893), e4 0.178 (IC 95% 0.078­0.278), e2 0.036 (IC 95% 0.000­0.084). While FA in PA were e3 0.880 (IC 95% 0.804­0.956), e4 0.084 (IC 95% 0.021­0.147) and e2 0.035 (IC 95% 0.000­0.075). Significant differences were observed in the AF of e3 and e4 among the different populations. The sample size and sampling procedure, ethnia, environmental factors, and lab protocols could have contributed to the diversity of the results.