Use of road underpasses by terrestrial tetrapods inside a protected area in the southeastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil / Uso de pontes e galerias rodoviárias por tetrápodes terrestres em uma área protegida na região sudeste do Estado de São Paulo

Abstract: Roads, despite playing a key role in economy, begin or aggravate processes of forest fragmentation and lead to several species losing their natural habitats, acting as filters and barriers that impose challenges to animal locomotion. Wildlife crossings seek to reestablish the connectivity of the landscape. In general, after being installed, these passages need to be evaluated regarding their functioning. In this study, we present the results of monitoring the underpasses on Serra da Macaca Park Road (SP-139), which crosses Carlos Botelho State Park. The underpasses, constituted by bridges and culverts, were constructed after a license obtained to restore this section of the road. Camera traps were installed inside all crossing structures, and systematic samples were obtained through four field expeditions, with sampling efforts of 10 days each, between March 2018 and February 2019. The footprints found around the intersection structures were also considered. A two-sided Student's t-test was applied to verify differences in richness between the underpasses that have distinct types of margins. Differences in abundance were analyzed through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. A Whittaker diagram was generated according to the order of the species, from the most common to the rarest, while their diversity was estimated through Simpson's Diversity Index (1 - D). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the interaction between diversity and altitude variation. We observed a richness of 16 species of terrestrial tetrapods, without any statistically significant differences between underpasses with dry or flooded margins. Cuniculus paca was the most abundant species, and higher altitudes presented the most diversity. We concluded that the underpasses located inside Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of watercourses are essential to maintain the flow of animals beneath the road.

Resumo: As rodovias, apesar de exercerem um papel fundamental na economia, instauram ou agravam processos de fragmentação florestal e levam à perda de habitat. Atuam como filtros e barreiras, dificultando a movimentação animal. As passagens de fauna buscam restabelecer a conectividade na paisagem. Geralmente, após serem implantadas procede-se à avaliação do seu funcionamento. Nesse artigo nós apresentamos os resultados de um monitoramento do uso das passagens inferiores de fauna da Estrada Parque Serra da Macaca (SP-139), que atravessa o Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. As passagens inferiores, representadas por pontes e galerias hidráulicas, foram concebidas através do licenciamento das obras de revitalização do trecho rodoviário. Armadilhas fotográficas foram instaladas no interior de todas as estruturas, e as amostragens sistemáticas ocorreram por meio de quatro expedições a campo, com um esforço amostral de 10 dias cada, entre março de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. Os rastros encontrados no perímetro das estruturas de transposição também foram considerados. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste T de Student bicaudal, para verificar a diferença de riqueza entre as passagens inferiores com tipos distintos de margens. As diferenças de abundância foram analisadas pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. O diagrama de Whittaker foi gerado pela ordenação das espécies, a partir das mais comuns para as mais raras, enquanto a diversidade de espécies foi estimada pelo índice de Simpson (1 - D). O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi empregado para estudar a interação entre a diversidadade e a variação de altitude. Detectamos uma riqueza de 16 espécies de tetrápodes terrestres e não houve diferença significativa entre as passagens com margens secas e alagadas. Cuniculus paca foi a espécie mais abundante. Altitudes mais elevadas concentraram as maiores diversidades. Concluímos que as passagens inferiores alocadas em APPs de curso d'água são essenciais para manter o fluxo da fauna sob a rodovia.

A Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil e as ações do Governo Federal na gestão de riscos de desatres / The National Policy for Protection and Civil Defense and Federal Government actions in disaster risk management

A instituição da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil teve como um dos objetivos dar uma resposta política à sociedade após um dos maiores desastres da história do país, que causou mais de 900 mortes na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, em janeiro de 2011. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar a gestão de riscos de desastres no Brasil com ênfase na análise da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil enquanto política pública e das ações do governo federal na área. Para isto o estudo constou, sob o ponto de vista de seus objetivos, de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. E quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa, de modo a observar as escolhas feitas na formulação da política para a área de gestão de riscos de desastres no país. O trabalho analisou o tema da proteção e defesa civil enquanto política pública, considerando seu processo de formulação e a Lei 12.608/2012 que a instituiu. Foram analisadas também as ações do governo federal no PPA 2012 – 2015 e no Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais, lançado em agosto de 2012. Cabe ressaltar que a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil trouxe muitos avanços e os programas e planos desenhados pelo governo federal tem tentado, de alguma forma, dar uma melhor organização para o setor. Porém, concluiu-se que apesar dos importantes avanços obtidos nos últimos anos na área de gestão de riscos de desastres no país, com a inserção no ordenamento jurídico nacional de uma política para a área e o aumento dos investimentos no setor, a formulação dos mesmos teve excessiva influência dos deslizamentos na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro em 2011...

The establishment of the National Policy of Protection and Civil Defence had as one of the aims to give a political response to society after one of the biggest disasters in the history of the country, which caused caused more than 900 deaths in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, in January 2011. This study has as main objective to evaluate the risk management disasters in Brazil with emphasis on the analysis of the Policy of Protection and Civil Defence as a public policy and actions of federal government in the area. The study consisted, from the point of sight of their goals, exploratory and descriptive research and on the technical procedures, research was conducted by literature and documents with a qualitative approach in order to observe choices made in the policy formulation in the area of disaster risk management in the country. The study analyzed the theme of protection and civil defense as a public policy, considering its formulation and the Law 12.608/2012 that established. They were also analyzed the actions of the federal government in PPA 2012-2015 and the National Plan for Risk Management and Natural Disaster Response, released in August 2012. It should be noted that the National Policy of Protection and Civil Defense brought many advances and programs and plans designed by the federal government has tried, in some form, to give a better organization for the sector. However, it was concluded that despite the important progress made in recent years in disaster risk management area in the country, with the insertion in national law of a policy for the area and the increased investment in the sector, the formulation of them had excessive influence of landslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro in 2011...

Afasia logopénica: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Logopenic Aphasia: a case report an review of the literature

With the progressive aging of the Chilean population the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is increasingly common, and among them is Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), with specific symptoms but late consultation. PPA is a clinical syndrome characterized by the degeneration of language regions in the dominant hemisphere that determines an insidious and progressive loss of language. Two types of PPA were recognized: Progressive non-fluent Aphasia (APnF) and Progressive Semantic Aphasia (DS), and was recently identified as a new type, Logopénica Progressive Aphasia (APL). We describe a case evaluated at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital of a woman of 54 years who have a history of 2-3 years of fluent speech with reduced speed due to the difficulty in finding words, had shortcomings in repetition of complex words, phrases and sentences, presence of phonemic paraphasias and impaired episodic memory. What in the phonological assessment supports a diagnosis of APL. Despite the above, the neurological examination was normal. The APL has been associated with Alzheimer's disease because it presents impaired episodic memory and the neuropathological changes most frequently encountered are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Through this article you may learn more about this disease and who to go if you or some colleague have symptoms to receive some guidance.

Con el progresivo envejecimiento de la población Chilena el diagnóstico de enfermedades neurodegenerativas es cada vez más com ún, y entre ellas está la afasia progresiva primaria (PPA), de síntomas específicos pero consulta tardía. PPA es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por la degeneración de las regiones del lenguaje en el hemisferio dominante que determina una pérdida insidiosa y progresiva del lenguaje. Fueron reconocidos dos tipos de PPA: Afasia Progresiva no fluente (APnF) y Afasia Progresiva Semántica (DS), y recientemente fue identificado un nuevo tipo como, Afasia Progresiva Logopénica (APL). Se describe un caso evaluado en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile de una mujer de 54 años que presenta una historia de 2-3 años de habla fluida, con disminución de la velocidad debido a la dificultad para encontrar palabras, presentaba fallas en repetición de palabras complejas, frases y oraciones, presencia de parafasias fonémicas y problemas de memoria episódica. Lo que en la evaluación fonológica es compatible con un diagnóstico de APL. A pesar de todo lo anterior el examen neurológico fue normal. La APL se ha asociado con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, ya que presenta deterioro de la memoria episódica y los cambios neuropatológicos más frecuentes son las placas amiloides y los ovillos neurofibrilares. A través de este artículo podrán conocer más acerca de esta enfermedad y a quien acudir en caso de presentar síntomas usted o algún conocido para recibir alguna orientación.

Effects of pioglitazone on the expression of genes relative to differentiation and function of primary brown adipose tissue cells in mice with diet-induced obesity / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The effect of pioglitazone on the expression of genes relative to differentiation and function of primary brown adipose tissue cells was detected for the new treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.The results showed that pioglitazone promoted the differentiation and function of brown adipocytes( P＜0.05 ).

Recoguizing the Importance of ADR Monitoring of Drugs Available on the Market From PPA Event / 中国药房

AIM: To recognize the importance of ADR monitoring of drugs available on the market from PPA Event. MET- HODS: With reviewing relevant literatures and scanning relevant network stations. we summarlzed the importance of moni- toring ADR of drugs available on the market and signiticance of creating a perfect evaluation mechanisms and systems of ADR monitoring for those drugs. and analysed several method of ADR monitoring and points for attention Finally. we gave several suggestions about enhancing ADR monitoring .RESULTS& CONCLUSION:ADR events can be effectively pre- vented by perfect evaluation mechanisms and ADR monitoring systems of drugs available on the market.

Lessons of the Ban on Phenylpropanolamine(PPA) / 药物流行病学杂志

To help pharmaceutical companies absorb lessons from the Ban on PPA, the article analyses the behavior of SinoUS Smith Kline & French, which led to great loss after the Ban of an PPA by SDA of China. It points out that the Ban of PPA did not come unexpectedly. Before the Ban many clinical reports had been released and the authorities of some countries had already introduced ban on PPA or issued warnings on the possible danger of PPA. If the company in question had taken timely measures to keep track of the information, the loss could have been minimized, It is concluded that the pharmaceutical companies should step up their effort for the monitoring and following-up of their products after introduction of their durgs to markets and attach importance to the study of pharmacoepidemioloy. Pharmaceutical companies should put emphasis on the collection of information.