Environmental health risk assessment in Yangtze river economic belt from 2016 to 2020 based on PSR model and Environmental health indicators / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective Based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model and Environmental health indicators (EHIs), the comprehensive environmental health risk index of the Yangtze River economic belt is assessed to evaluate the comprehensive environmental health risk of the study area from 2016 to 2020. Methods Reference to the results of the Second National Pollution Source Census, a comprehensive environmental health risk assessment system was established. Twenty three representative indicators covering the four directions of economy, society, environment and health were selected. The above indicators were standardized using the range method, and each indicator was weighted using the entropy weight method. Results From 2016 to 2020, the comprehensive risk of environmental health in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a downward trend. The comprehensive health risk index decreased from 0.5450 to 0.3255, and the risk level has changed from "medium risk" to "low risk". Conclusion The overall environmental health of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been improving, but it is still necessary to note that with the economic development, the regional pressure risk index has been rising rapidly, and corresponding measures should be taken to maintain the balanced development of economic and environmental health.

Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência e severidade da doença periodontal em pacientes portadores de diabete mellitus tipo 2: um estudo transversal

This is a cross-sectional clinical study performed with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and nondiabetic patients, in the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, which aimed to verify whether periodontal disease is more prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients. The study sample included 275 patients, wherein 117 were type 2 diabetes patients and 158 were non-diabetic patients, who were assessed between the years of 2007 and 2010. The inclusion criteria of the study were patients older than 35 years with DM2 diagnosed for more than one year through glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin tests. The same criteria was used for the control group, except for the presence of diabetes. The participants were evaluated by students calibrated for the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index and through a questionnaire assessing age, gender, oral hygiene conditions, and medications of the patients. Generalized gingivitis was more prevalent in diabetic patients (p<0.001). The level of oral hygiene of the diabetic patients was considered fair and poor (p<0.001) when compared to the non-diabetic patients. More sextants with periodontal health were observed in non-diabetic patients (p<00.1) when compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; tooth loss was also greater in DM2 patients. The study allowed concluding that DM2 patients presented higher prevalence of periodontal disease than the control group. The factors that might have influenced these results were systemic condition (DM2), level of oral hygiene, and age, which justifies the high rate of periodontal disease and tooth loss in these individuals.

O presente estudo realizou um estudo clínico transversal em pacientes com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e não diabéticos na cidade de Passo Fundo/RS - Brasil, com o objetivo de verificar se a doença periodontal é mais prevalente nos pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). A amostra do estudo foi composta por 275 pacientes, sendo 117 portadores de diabete tipo 2 e 158 pacientes sem diabete tipo 2, examinados no período de 2007-2010. Os critérios de inclusão neste estudo foram: pacientes com mais de 35 anos de idade e com DM2 diagnosticada há mais de 1 ano através de exames de glicemia e hemoglobina glicosilada. O mesmo critério foi utilizado para o grupo de controle, exceto a diabete. Os participantes foram avaliados por alunos calibrados para o índice Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) e através de um questionário avaliando a idade, gênero, condições de higiene bucal e medicamentos utilizados pelos pacientes. A gengivite generalizada foi observada com maior frequência nos portadores de diabete (p<0,001). O grau de higiene bucal dos diabéticos foi considerado regular e ruim (p<0,001) quando comparado ao dos pacientes não diabéticos. Observou-se mais sextantes com saúde periodontal nos pacientes sem diabete (p<00,1) quando comparados com os pacientes com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e também maior perda dentária nos pacientes com DM2. Conclui-se com o estudo que os pacientes com DM2 apresentaram maior prevalência da doença periodontal quando comparados ao grupo de controle. Os fatores que podem ter influenciado esses resultados foram a sua condição sistêmica (DM2), grau de higiene oral e idade dos mesmos, justificando o alto índice de doença periodontal e perda dentária nesses indivíduos.

Prevalence of periodontal disease in special needs patients at APAE-PF/RS and the effect of local prevention programs

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and the efficiency of oral health programs in patients with special needs under treatment at APAE/ PF-RS (Association of Parents and Friends of Special Needs Individuals - Passo Fundo/RS). Methods: The periodontal condition of 109 patients was evaluated through clinical examination by two undergraduate students calibrated for the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 for Windows focusing on qualitative research. A descriptive analysis of data (percentile, frequency, mean and standard deviation) was performed, as well as statistical analysis by the chi-square at 5% significance level, and Pearson’s t-test to verify the correlation of the variables age, gender, handicap level and PSR index. Results: Age was a significant factor for PSR1, PSR2, PSR4 and PSR5, where younger patients showed better periodontal health than older ones; however, gender and handicap level did not show significant differences when correlated with the PSR. The patients presented prevalence of periodontal health in the majority of sextants, followed by gingivitis. Few patients showed more severe degrees of periodontal disease. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the patients had acceptable oral hygiene, and low prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis, suggesting that the program of prevention and dental care adopted at the facility was efficient and may represent a model for periodontal health care for patients in other institutions and towns.