RESUMEN
Objetivo: Identificar las características generales que influyen en la estancia hospitalaria prolongada en los pabellones de pacientes agudos y su comparación sobre el motivo de ingreso en una institución de Salud Mental. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, y transversal, realizado en el Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera. Con una población entre 18 a 65 años con una estancia mayor a 60 días en los pabellones de pacientes agudos. Se realizó revisión de historias clínicas, recolección de datos en ficha estructurada y análisis estadístico mediante SPSS 22.0. Principales medidas de resultados: frecuencias, media y valor de p mediante chi cuadrado en las variables características personales, clínicas y sociales. Resultados: Fueron 52 % de pacientes internados que cumplían estancia mayor a 60 días, cuyas edades fueron: jóvenes y jóvenes adultos 45 %, mediana 35,89, DE=10,45. Mujeres, un 60 %; instrucción secundaria, 61 %; solteros, 81 %; desocupación laboral, 74 %. Ingresados por Emergencia, 74 %, reingresos,55 %, de Lima, 53 %. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue esquizofrenia en 62 %; comorbilidad, 61 %; presentación con agresividad, 64 %; evolución estacionaria, 63 %; ingreso por motivo judicial,47 % y clínico en 47 %. El tratamiento brindado a los pacientes fue principalmente de combinación de fármacos en 74,2 %. Sin abandono sociofamiliar, el 52 %; acompañados por familiares, 66 %; acompañados por policía, 71,4 %; familia disfuncional, 72,6 %; soporte por padres, 51,6 % y pertenencia al SIS el 92 %. Existe mayor significancia estadística en el sexo, estado civil, procedencia, vía de ingreso, tipo o condición de paciente (nuevo o reingreso), acompañamiento de familiares y de otras personas al ingreso. Conclusiones: La estancia hospitalaria está afectada por factores personales como el sexo y estado civil en pacientes judicializados. La procedencia, factores clínicos como la vía y la condición de ingreso; y también sociales como el acompañamiento de familiar y de otros no emparentados, influyen en pacientes ingresados por motivo clínico.
Objective: To identify the general characteristics that influence a long hospital stay in the acute wards of a mental health institution and to compare them with the reason for admission. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera in patients between 18 and 65 years of age staying longer than 60 days in the acute wards. Medical records review, data collection in structured files, and statistical analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22.0 were performed. Main outcome measures were the frequencies, mean and p value (obtained by chi square test) in the variables of personal, clinical and social characteristics.Results: Out of the total number of inpatients, 52 % were staying longer than 60 days, 45 % were youths and young adults (median = 35.89, SD = 10.45), 60 % were women, 61 % had secondary education, 81 % were single, 74 % were unemployed, 74 % were admitted through the emergency department, 55 % were readmitted, 53 % were from Lima, 62 % had schizophrenia which was the most frequent diagnosis, 61 % showed comorbidities, 64 % presented an aggressive behavior on admission, 63 % showed a stable progression, 47 % were admitted due to legal reasons, 47 % were admitted due to clinical reasons, 74.2 % mainly received combination therapies, 52 % did not experience social or family abandonment, 66 % were accompanied by their relatives, 71.4 % were accompanied by the police, 72.6 % had a dysfunctional family, 51.6 % were supported by their parents, and 92 % were covered by the Comprehensive Health Service (SIS). There is greater statistical significance in gender, marital status, origin, admission route, patient type or condition (new or readmitted), and company of relatives and other persons at admission. Conclusions: Hospital stay is affected by personal factors such as gender and marital status in patients admitted due to legal reasons. The origin, clinical factors such as the admission route and condition, and social factors such as the company of relatives and other persons, have influence on patients admitted due to clinical reasons.
RESUMEN
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la calidad de vida y los factores relacionados de los pacientes esquizofrénicos que se controlan en los servicios de salud Concepción y Arauco de Chile durante los meses de abril-junio de 2009. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal. La población incluida en este trabajo comprendió al total de los pacientes esquizofrénicos (40) bajo régimen de corta estadía. El instrumento utilizado fue la variable principal -calidad de vida (CV)-, que se midió a través del cuestionario SF-36, además se incorporaron variables sociodemográficas y de apoyo social, esta última medida a través del cuestionario Duke- UNC-11. Los resuiltados del estudio reflejan aceptable calidad de vida, lo cual puede asociarse con las condiciones socioculturales de la región.
The objective of this study was to identify quality of life and related factors in schizophrenic patients who were being monitored by health-care services in Concepción and Arauca (Chile) during April-June 2009. It is a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional descriptive study. The population in question included all schizophrenic patients (40) who were subject to a short-term stay. The principal variable-quality of life (QOL) was the instrument used and was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Socio-demographic and social support variables were included as well, the latter through application of the Duke-UNC-11 questionnaire. The findings of the study reflect an acceptable quality of life, which may be associated with the socio-cultural conditions in the region.
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade de vida e os fatores relacionados de pacientes esquizofrênicos controlados nos serviços de saúde de Concepción e Arauco no Chile durante os meses de abril a junho de 2009. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional, transversal. Neste estudo, a população incluiu os pacientes com esquizofrenia (40) sob o regime de curta permanência. O instrumento utilizado foi a variável principal - a qualidade de vida (QV) -, medida através do questionário SF-36. Também se integraram variáveis sócio-demográficas e de suporte social. Esta última foi medida pelo questionário Duke-UNC-11. Os resultados do estudo mostram uma qualidade de vida aceitável. Isso pode associar-se com as condições socioculturais da região.