Chiral separation methods and the applications in the study of chiral components of traditional Chinese medicines / 药学学报

Chirality is one of the fundamental properties of nature, and most of the important molecules in living organisms contain chiral structures. The efficacy and safety of drugs are often closely related to the chiral structure of compounds, however, there are relatively more studies on synthetic characterization, pharmacology, and toxicology of chiral small molecule chemical drugs, but relatively less studies on chiral compounds contained in natural drugs such as traditional Chinese medicines. Chiral separation, as the basis of chiral research, has a pivotal position in the study of chiral compounds. In this paper, we systematically describe the separation methods of chiral compounds from the classification of chiral splitting methods based on chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods, as well as chromatographic packing materials, chiral additives and chiral derivatization, and review the chiral compounds in natural drugs such as traditional Chinese medicines reported in the past ten years, in order to provide references for the splitting and evaluating the activity of chiral compounds, and the improvement of quality standards of traditional Chinese medicines.

Determination of Arsenic and Antimony Released from Pharmaceutical Glass Packing Materials with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for determining arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) released from pharmaceutical glass packing materials to provide reference for improving the existing quality standard. METHODS: The samples were filled with 4% acetic acid to leach As and Sb. The extracting temperature was 98℃, and the extracting time was 2 h. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was used for the determination. RESULTS: As and Sb showed good linear relationship in a certain concentration range with linear correlation coefficients of 0.999 9 and 0.999 5. The recovery rates were 94.7%-106.9% and 100.0%-106.3%. The relative standard deviations of precision were 2.3% and 2.9%. The relative standard deviations of repeatability were 6.5% and 6.9%. The limits of detection were 1.67 and 2.54 ng·mL-1, respectively. The elements were nearly not detected in 16 batches of samples. CONCLUSION: The method is efficient and accurate and can be used for determination of As and Sb released from pharmaceutical glass packing materials, which brings supplementary contents to the existing quality standard.

Clinical Results of Nasopore(R) Nasal Packing on Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Nasopore(R) as a nasal packing material on the surgical success rate and prevalence of postoperative complications after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: The present study included a total of 558 patients (699 eyes) with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction who underwent endonasal DCR; 227 eyes were packed with Nasopore(R) and 472 eyes were packed with Merocel(R). The surgical success rate and postoperative complications such as synechiae, granulation, wound healing (osteal mucosal epithelium epithelialization), postoperative bleeding, infection, and revision rate were compared between the packing materials. RESULTS: The surgical success rate of the Nasopore(R) group (99.1%, 98.6%) showed significantly better results than the Merocel(R) group (97.2%, 95.1%) at postoperative 1 and 3 months (p = 0.04, 0.03 Pearson chi-square test), whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in postoperative surgical success rate at 1 week and 6 months. In comparison of postoperative complications, the Nasopore(R) group (0%) showed a lower incidence of delayed wound healing (delayed epithelialization of osteal mucosal epithelium) than the Merocel(R) group (2.3%; p = 0.013), whereas there was no difference in granulation, synechiae, postoperative bleeding, infection and revision rate (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Nasopore(R) group showed a lower proportion of delayed wound healing and improvement of the surgical success rate at an early postoperative period after endonasal DCR compared to non-absorbable nasal packing material.

Effects of Nasopore Packing on Dacryocystorhinostomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of placement of the absorbable packing material Nasopore at the anastomosis site of newly formed mucosal flaps on postoperative re-bleeding, discomfort, and on the success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: A review of the medical records of patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction that underwent external or endonasal DCR by a single surgeon was performed. The degree of re-bleeding, discomfort, and postoperative results, including anatomical success, functional success and postoperative nasal findings such as granulation, synechiae, and membrane formation were compared in patients whose anastomosis site was packed with either Nasopore or Merocel, a non-absorbable packing material. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (101 eyes) were included. Of the 101 eyes, 30 were packed with Nasopore, while 71 were packed with Merocel. The Nasopore group showed significantly better results than the Merocel group in the degree of re-bleeding and the level of patient discomfort (p = 0.000, 0.039, respectively; Pearson's chi-square test), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in postoperative anatomical and functional success (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nasopore significantly reduced postoperative nasal re-bleeding and patient discomfort during the early post-surgical period, but failed to show an effect on the postoperative anatomical and functional success of DCR.

Effects of Nasopore Packing on Dacryocystorhinostomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of placement of the absorbable packing material Nasopore at the anastomosis site of newly formed mucosal flaps on postoperative re-bleeding, discomfort, and on the success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: A review of the medical records of patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction that underwent external or endonasal DCR by a single surgeon was performed. The degree of re-bleeding, discomfort, and postoperative results, including anatomical success, functional success and postoperative nasal findings such as granulation, synechiae, and membrane formation were compared in patients whose anastomosis site was packed with either Nasopore or Merocel, a non-absorbable packing material. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (101 eyes) were included. Of the 101 eyes, 30 were packed with Nasopore, while 71 were packed with Merocel. The Nasopore group showed significantly better results than the Merocel group in the degree of re-bleeding and the level of patient discomfort (p = 0.000, 0.039, respectively; Pearson's chi-square test), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in postoperative anatomical and functional success (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nasopore significantly reduced postoperative nasal re-bleeding and patient discomfort during the early post-surgical period, but failed to show an effect on the postoperative anatomical and functional success of DCR.

Comparative studies on toluene removal and pressure drop in biofilters using different packing materials.

To select the best available packing material for malodorous organic gases such as toluene and benzene, biofilter performance was compared in biofilters employed different packing materials including porous ceramic (celite), Jeju scoria (lava), a mixture of granular activated carbon (GAC) and celite (GAC/celite), and cubic polyurethane foam (PU). A toluene-degrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia T3-c, was used as the inoculum. The maximum elimination capacities in the celite, lava, and GAC/celite biofilters were 100, 130, and 110 g m-3 hr -1,, respectively. The elimination capacity for the PU biofilter was approximately 350 g m-3 hr -1 at an inlet loading of approximately 430 g m-3 hr-1, which was 2 to 3.5 times higher than for the other biofilters. The pressure drop gradually increased in the GAC/ celite, celite and lava biofilters after 23 day due to bacterial over-growth, and the toluene removal efficiency remarkably decreased with increasing pressure drop. Backwashing method was not effective for the control of biomass in these biofilters. In the PU biofilter, however, backwashing allowed maintenance of a pressure drop of 1 to 3 mm H2O m-1 and a removal efficiency of > 80%, indicating that the PU was the best packing material for toluene removal among the packing materials tested.

Cost-effective Analysis of Sterilized Packing Material / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effective ratio on sterilized packing material to find out best materials.METHODS The value of 4 kinds of the materials were compared.RESULTS Four kinds of packing materials all had their advantage and disadvantage,in which the value of non woven was the highest.CONCLUSIONS The combination usage of different kinds of packing materials is a better method.

Application of hospital sterile packing material / 医疗卫生装备

As the necessary depletion material in hospitals,sterile packing material shows category diversification when being selected.This paper briefly analyzes the functions and values of domestic common sterile packing material such as pure cotton wrap cloth,hard quality packing container,paper/ plastics packing bag and the crease wrapping paper.Reasonable suggestions are also put forward.