RESUMEN
Objective To understand the distribution and drug-resistance characteristics of diarrhea related etiology in Panzhihua City, and to provide the basis for epidemiological investigation and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The fecal samples of 779 patients with diarrhea in Panzhihua city from October 2019 to October 2020 were collected. The pathogenic bacteria of diarrhea were isolated and drug sensitivity test was conducted. The epidemiological data of the occurrence of diarrhea, such as age and season, were analyzed and summarized. Results Atotal of 175 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the fecal samples of 779 diarrhea cases, with the isolation rate of 22.46% (175/779), including 65 strains of Salmonella, 39 strains of Vibrio, 51 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, 13 strains of Campylobacter and 7 strains of Shigella. 121 diarrhea virus positive samples were detected, and the positive detection rate was 15.53% (121/779). There were 55 cases of GII norovirus, 15 cases of GI, 45 cases of rotavirus, 2 cases of zaravirus and 4 cases of adenovirus. A total of 296 positive samples of pathogenic bacteria and viruses from diarrhea were collected, including 175 males (59.12%) and 121 females (40.88%), with a male to female ratio of 1.45:1. The age range was 2-65 years old, and the average age was (37.14±6.18) years old. The positive rate in the 0-14 year group was the highest (P2 =7.915)..The detection of diarrhea pathogenic bacteria showed obvious seasonality, and the positive rate was the highest in the third quarter (July to September) (P<0.05). The positive rate of diarrhea associated virus was the highest in the first quarter (January-March) and the fourth quarter (October-December) (P<0.05). The drug resistance test results showed that The drug resistance rates of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem and cefotaxime were relatively low (<30.00%). Conclusions The main pathogens causing diarrhea in Panzhihua City are Klebsiella, Salmonella, proteus, etc., and the multiple drug resistance is serious. The distribution of pathogens has obvious seasonal and age differences, so pathogen monitoring should be strengthened and effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of drug resistance.