Long-term study of pathological changes of living renal grafts from elderly relatives in young recipients / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the safety of young recipients undergoing living donor renal transplantation from elderly relative donors through long-term follow-up of the pathological changes. Methods According to the age of donors, 28 young recipients were divided into the observation group (n=14, elderly donors) and control group (n=14, young and middle-aged donors). The 7-year survival after renal transplantation, the serum creatinine (Scr) levels at various postoperative time points were compared between two groups. The chronic pathological injury scores of renal allograft biopsy at time-zero, postoperative 6-month and 7-year were compared between two groups. The expression levels of renal interstitial fibrosis indicators connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), cell senescence indicators intercellular connexin (Cx)-43 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at postoperative 6-month and 7-year were compared between two groups. Results The 7-year survival rates in the observation and control groups were 78.5% and 92.8% with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). In the observation and control groups, the levels of Scr were 190 and 160 μmol/L at the postoperative 7 d, and 170 and 125 μmol/L at postoperative 1 month. At each postoperative time point, the levels of Scr in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P > 0.05). The total chronic pathological injury scores of renal transplant biopsy at time-zero in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P > 0.05), whereas the total chronic pathological injury scores at postoperative 7-year did not significantly differ between two groups (P > 0.05). Within either group, the total chronic pathological injury scores at postoperative 7-year was remarkably higher than those at time-zero and postoperative 6-month (both P < 0.05). The expression levels of CTGF, TGF-β, LN, FN, mTOR, Cx43 of renal transplant tissue at postoperative 7-year did not significantly differ between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The long-term follow-up outcomes demonstrate that the pathological changes of young recipients undergoing renal transplantation from elderly donors are similar to those from young and middle-aged donors. It is safe and feasible for young recipients to undergo renal transplantation from elderly donors in the pathological perspective.

Investigation of pathogenesis of IL-17 involved in cytomegalovirus hepatitis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 involved in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in vivo.Methods:First of all,disseminated infection model was established.Then,mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,MCMV-infected control group,IL-17 blockade group,and isotype control group.Mice were sacrificed on day 7 after infection.The levels of IL-17 protein were detected by Western blot.Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was performed to evaluate the pathologic change of the liver.Serum ALT levels were detected by a Roche DPPI biochemical analyzer.The level of serum IL-17 was measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA.The expressions of mRNA of IL-17R,IFN-γand IL-10 in liver were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with MCMV-infected mice and isotype control,the blockade of IL-17 inhibited the expression of IL-17 protein in liver (P＜0.05).The degree of liver damage reduced obviously.The serum ALT was significantly lower [(146±15)vs (102±11)vs (37±12),P＜0.05].The level of serum IL-17 was relatively reduced[(719.76±6.06)vs (722.1±4.62) vs (707.53 ±8.58),P＜0.05].The expression of IFN-γmRNA [(0.56± 0.06)vs (0.55±0.13)vs (0.96±0.2),P＜0.05] and IL-10 mRNA[(0.55±0.073) vs (0.51 ±0.07) vs (0.903 ±0.18),P＜0.05] increased significantly,while that of IL-17R did not change apparently[(0.81±0.16)vs (0.89±0.38) vs (0.87±0.23),P＞0.05].Conclusion:The increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of immune injury in cytomegalovirus hepatitis.The blockade of IL-17 is helpful to relieve the liver damage and improve the liver function.

Characteristics of Pathological Injury of Intestinal Tract in Rats under Hypobaric Hypoxia Environment at Different High Altitude / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To study the characteristics of intestinal tract pathological injury of rats in hypobaric hypoxia at different high altitude.Methods:30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:Plain group (n=6),High-altitude (HA) 5000 m for 10 day group(n=6),HA 5000 m for 21day group(n=6),HA 6500 m for 10day group(n=6),HA 6500 m for 21day group (n=6).Rats were raised normally either in plain or simulated high altitude environment,at the corresponding time point,rats were euthanized,small intestines were harvested,fixed tissues were processed routinely into paraffin and sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin.Morphologic parameters were measured by optical microscope and then the pathological injury score were evaluated.Results:The pathological injury scores ofjejunnm and ileum in the high altitude group were significantly higher than that of the plain group (P＜0.01),the pathological injury scores of jejunum,ileum and colon were significantly higher in the HA 5000 m for 21 day group than that of the HA 5000 m for 10 day group,but significant lower than that of the HA 6500 m for 21 day group,the pathological injury scores of jejunum,ileum and colon were significantly higher in the HA 6500 m for 10 day group than that of the HA 5000 m for 10 day group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pathological injury scores of colon were significantly higher in the groups of the high altitude than the plain group except for the HA 5000 m for 10 day group (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pathological injury scores of jejunum had significant different with that of the colon in the HA 5000 m for 21 day group (P＜0.05);the pathological injury scores of both jejunum and ileum had significant different with that of the colon in the HA 6500 m for 21 day group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusions:The injuries of the intestinal mucosa became serious with the with rising altitude and the stayed time,the intestinal injuries were more serious than that of colon at same situation,however there were no significant different between jejunum and ileum,the injuries of colon happened later than intestine,and they correlated with the stay time in the high altitude,which indicated that intestinal injury should be pay more attention in the early time of entering the hypobaric hypoxia environment of the high altitude.

Relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in peripheral and cerebral system of oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats

To study what kind of role uric acid play on the relationship between oxidative Stress and inflammation in peripheral and cerebral system of oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Twenty-six eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly. Potassium oxonate was used to establish hyperuricemic model for four weeks. In 2nd and 4th week, uric acid (UA) level, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Gu,Zn-SOD activity and interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) concentration in serum were determined respectively. In 4th week, one hour after last PO treatment, five rats of every group were given Evans Blue to test blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Other brains were obtained to analysis T-SOD, Gu,Zn-SOD activity and IL-1ß concentration in cerebral system. Meanwhile, brain and kidney were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to observe pathological change. In 2nd week, both of T-SOD and Gu,Zn-SOD activity in serum increased obviously (P<0.05) in hyperuricemia rats. However, IL-1ß content didn't change remarkably. In the 4th week, T-SOD activity in model group had become similar with control group, and at the same time IL-1ß content in serum increased significantly (P<0.05). Pathological section showed the structural and functional unit of the kidney had been damaged. On the contrary, both of T-SOD and Gu,Zn-SOD activity in brain increased obviously (P<0.05), but IL-1ß concentration was no significant difference between two groups. In addition, the results of Evans Blue and H&E suggested the integrity of BBB and structure of brain were not changed after PO treatment. The permeability of BBB and form of UA would be potential factors to decide what kind role UA play on keeping balance between anti-oxidative stress and induction of inflammatory response.

Studying the establishment of rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest and the efficacy of CPR / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the establishment of rat model of asphyxia-cardiac arrest and efficacy of CPR in order to find the length of optimum time of asphyxia to cause injury.Methods One hundred and twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group and experimental groups.Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation after intravenous injection of vecuronium bromide.The experimental groups were assigned into AP4 (four-minute asphyxia period),AP6 and AP8 subgroups in accordance with different lengths of time of asphyxia subjected to.In these groups,CPR,including pre-cordial compression and synchronized mechanical ventilation,was initiated 4,6 and 8 min after asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest,respectively.The successful ratio of resuscitation and hemodynamic variables were recorded.Brain water content,neural deficit scores (NDS),imaging changes on MR,pathological changes of brain tissue and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated at 1 d,3 d and 7 days after ROSC.All the data were analyzed by single-factor analysis of variance or Chi-square test.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result The lowest NDS occurred at 1 d after ROSC,brain water content and imaging changes on MR were most obvious at 3 d after ROSC,while pathological changes of brain tissue and neuronal apoptosis increased and reached the peak at 7d after ROSC.The survival rates after 24 hours of AP4,AP6 and AP8 groups were 85％,75％ and 45％,respectively.The rate of ROSC and survival rate of AP8 group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P ＜0.01).The longer time of asphyxia the severer pathological changes of brain tissue,brain edema,neural deficit,and magnetic resonance imaging changes in all experimental groups.As compared to other groups,the brain damage index of AP8 group was most serious,while that of AP6 group was moderate.Conclusions The rat model following asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was established successfully.From the evidence of survival rate and damage grade of brain tissue,asphyxia for 6 min may be the rational length of ischemic time in this model.

The Pathological Study on Effective Compounds of TongMai in Treating MsPGN in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of effective compounds which were extracted from TongMai. Methods: SD rats experimential model with MsPGN were induced by subcutaneously injection rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum(ATS) and forced swim. The rats were respectively ig with different dose(1.2,0.6,0.3 g'kg-1) of effective compound of TongMai for 4 weeks. Then the proliferative degree of mesangium was examined by HE stain, PAS stain and immunfluorescent respectively. Mesagium area proportion in glomerular capillaries area was calculated using image analyzing system. The expression of PCNA in the glomeruli was examined by immunohis to chemistry. Results: The effective compounds of TongMai can control the hyperplasia of the glomemlar mesangial cells (GMG)and the mainifold of the mesangial matrix, and prevent the deposit of IgG in mesangium. The proportions in glomerular capillaries area in model control group were significantly higher than that in the treatment groups; The express of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were ascended either. Conclusion: The effective compound of TongMai can improve the damage s of pathology in glomerular.