Pelvic Exenteration: Surgical Approaches

Although the incidence of local recurrence after curative resection of rectal cancer has decreased due to the understanding of the anatomy of pelvic structures and the adoption of total mesorectal excision, local recurrence in the pelvis still remains a significant and troublesome complication. While surgery for recurrent rectal cancer may offer a chance for a cure, conservative management, including radiation and chemotherapy, remain widely accepted courses of treatment. Recent improvement in imaging modalities, perioperative care, and surgical techniques, including bone resection and wound coverage, have allowed for reductions in operative mortality, though postoperative morbidity still remains high. In this review, the techniques, including surgical approaches, employed for management of locally recurrent rectal cancer are highlighted.

Procedimentos percutâneos pélvicos guiados por imagem: revisão das principais vias de acesso / Image-guided percutaneous procedures in deep pelvic sites: review of the main approaches

Os procedimentos percutâneos orientados por imagem têm ganhado espaço crescente na radiologia intervencionista, constituindo ferramenta eficaz para a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica de massas e coleções nos diversos segmentos corporais. No entanto, localizações pélvicas profundas ainda representam grande desafio para o radiologista, por causa da interposição de estruturas anatômicas. Para que o procedimento seja bem sucedido é fundamental o planejamento da via de acesso baseado no conhecimento detalhado da anatomia radiológica da pelve. As principais vias de acesso para a abordagem destas lesões são: transabdominais (anterior e lateral), extraperitoneal ântero-lateral, transvaginal, transretal e transglútea. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão da anatomia seccional pélvica normal, demonstrando as diversas vias de acesso para biópsias e drenagens guiadas pela ultra-sonografia e pela tomografia computadorizada, bem como discutir as principais vantagens e complicações potenciais de cada uma delas.

Image-guided percutaneous procedures have increasingly been established as safe and effective interventional tools in the diagnosis and management of masses and collections in several body segments. However, lesions in deep pelvic sites still pose a challenge for radiologists because of overlying anatomic structures. The success of a percutaneous biopsy depends on a safe access route planning based on a deep understanding of cross sectional anatomy of the pelvis. Anterior and lateral transabdominal, anterolateral extraperitoneal, transvaginal, transrectal and transgluteal approaches are described. The present study was aimed at reviewing the normal pelvic cross-sectional anatomy, demonstrating the different access routes for ultrasonography and computed tomography guided pelvic biopsies and drainages as well as discussing the main advantages and complications associated with these approaches.