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@#Introduction: The Penan people are largely settled in rural and remote areas of Sarawak with high rates of undernutrition among the children. The study aimed to determine the nutritional status and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices of Penan children. Methods: Subjects consisted of 121 children, aged between 0-23 months, from 15 Penan longhouses in Belaga district. Malnutrition was assessed using anthropometric measurements of children and categorised according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards (2006). Feeding practices were assessed using questionnaires based on WHO IYCF Indicators (2008). Results: The prevalence of underweight was 29.8%; stunting 43.0% and wasting 5.8%. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months was 44.4%. About 86% of infants aged 6-8 months were already given solid, semi-solid and soft foods. The proportion of children aged 6-23 months achieving minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was 76.6%, while minimum meal frequency (MMF) was 83.0% (breastfed and non-breastfed). Among the children who achieved MDD, 64.9% of their meals were derived from 4-5 food groups. More than half (55.3%) of all subjects (breastfed and non-breastfed) received minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Achievement of iron-rich foods (IRF) indicator was 77.7%. There was no significant association between the IYCF indicators of MDD, MMF and MAD and underweight, stunting and wasting. Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor nutritional status was recorded among the Penan children. While the IYCF indicators apparently showed satisfactory complementary feeding practices, future studies should assess quantitatively the intake of complementary food among Penan infants and young children.
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Objective: To optimize the vacuum belt drying process of Shiwei Penan Granules. Methods: On the base of single factor experiments, feeding rate, heating temperature, and drying time were selected as the main factors, with composite score of moisture content of dry paste, rates of polydatin and paeoniflorin transfer as the response values, response surface methodology was used to optimize the vacuum belt drying process. Results: Optimal parameters were as follows: The feeding rate was 1.6 kg/h, heating temperatures was 105℃, drying time was 104 min; Under these conditions, moisture content of dry extract was 2.80% on average, the transfer rate of polydatin was 92.55%, and the transfer rate of paeoniflorin was 94.77% on average, the composite score was 95.35 on average, RSD=0.42%. Conclusion: The condition optimized by using response surface methodology is stable and reasonable, which could guide industrial production and keep high transfer rate of effective component.