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Background: Medical students are the future doctors who are the primary caregivers for the society. High level of stress can obstruct the learning of medical students by impairing their concentration, problem solving, and decision-making skills. Improving mental well-being of medical students will ensure community safety. The stakeholders need to realize positive role of mental well-being on academic performance of students. This will not only benefit the students as well as the society as a whole. Aim and Objective: The present study was innovatively planned to determine the impact of the motivational sessions on relieving perceived stress and anxiety of the students along-with impact of such sessions on motivation for learning. Materials and Methods: An interventional cross-sectional study was designed for 2nd year MBBS students. A module comprising of eight sessions for improving mental well-being of undergraduate students was designed by an interprofessional team comprising a medical teacher, clinical phycologist, psychiatrist, and medical students. The pre-validated scales used were Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) to assess anxiety level, Perceived Stress Scale to assess perceived stress, and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to measure the types of learning strategies and academic motivation of college students. Results: About 64% (n = 46) of the participants were male and 36% (n = 26) were female students. The present study showed no significant association between the gender and stress. It was seen that number of students with high perceived stress before the session were reduced by as much as 72.41% and that of students with highest motivation for learning strategies doubled from 18 to 36 (100% improvement).The difference in means of HAM-A scores in post-test and pre-tests is highly significant (P = 0.01). The students were very much satisfied with the mode and content of the module. They expressed that these sessions made them feel thought of and cared for. Conclusion: It is strongly recommended to apply this interprofessional interventional approach to improve the mental well-being of medical students for better academic performances.
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Background: Both physical fitness and mental fitness are essential to achieve success, especially in medical college students, where the academic pressure is high. Studies have shown that exercise helps to reduce mental stress as well as to maintain the fitness. Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to compare the level of physical fitness and level of mental stress in exercising and non-exercising medical students. Materials and Methods: A study was done on 60 medical students of age group of 18–20 years with 30 in the exercise group and 30 in the non-exercise group. Modified Harvard step test was used to assess physical fitness index and perceived stress scale questionnaire to assess mental stress. Descriptive analysis and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The study demonstrated higher physical fitness (P < 0.01) and lower mental stress levels (P < 0.01) in the exercising group when compared to the non-exercising group. Conclusion: There was better physical fitness and lower mental stress levels among the exercising group when compared with the non-exercising group.
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Background: Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are accompanied by different degree of psychological stress, and clinicians usually have insufficient quantitative assessment of patients’psychological stress. Aims: To explore the effect of psychological stress assessed by 4-item perceived stress scale (PSS-4) and 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS-10) on dyspepsia symptoms, anxiety, depression, somatization and quality of life in FD patients. Methods: A total of 357 FD patients met Rome IV criteria from March 2021 to March 2022 at Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were recruited. Score of PSS-4, PSS-10, generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), patient healthy questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), adapted patient healthy questionnaire-15 (adapted PHQ-15), dyspepsia symptom severity (DSS), Nepean dyspepsia index-short form (NDI) were performed. Effects of PSS-4, PSS-10 on dyspepsia symptoms, anxiety, depression, somatization and quality of life in FD patients were analyzed. Results: Correlation analysis showed that PSS-4 (r=0.152, P=0.004) and PSS-10 (r=0.194, P=0.000) were correlated with DSS; PSS-4 (r=0.341, P=0.000) and PSS-10 (r=0.389, P=0.000) were correlated with adapted PHQ-15; PSS-4 (r=0.239, P=0.000) and PSS-10 (r=0.327, P=0.000) were correlated with NDI; PSS-4 (r= 0.561, P=0.000) and PSS-10 (r=0.680, P=0.000) were correlated with anxiety; PSS-4 (r=0.449, P=0.000) and PSS-10 (r= 0.524, P=0.000) were correlated with depression. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological stress assessed by PSS-4 (β=0.180, P=0.000), DSS (β=0.390, P=0.000) and FD classification (β=-0.116, P=0.024) were the influencing factors of NDI, and the psychological stress assessed by PSS-10 (β=0.268, P=0.000), DSS (β=0.360, P=0.000) and FD classification (β=-0.116, P=0.021) were the influencing factors of NDI. Conclusions: Psychological stress assessed by PSS-4, PSS-10 have effects on anxiety, depression, somatization, DSS and NDI in FD patients, and PSS-4 is shorter. These results suggest that PSS-4 can be used clinically to assess quickly and initially the impact of psychological stress on FD patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to describe the degree of stress experienced among staff of a high-risk unit in Makati Medical Center - the Neuropsychiatry Unit.@*METHODOLOGY@#The Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen in 1983 was the tool used. It is a ten-item, self-administered questionnaire that measures perceived stress levels of respondents. Perceived stress levels may be lower than average, slightly lower than average, average, slightly higher than average or much higher than average. Demographic characteristics of respondents were likewise determined. Respondents were members of the Neuropsychiatry unit staff.@*RESULTS@#The Neuropsychiatry unit staff generally presented with perceived stress levels of slightly higher than average. Most of the staff were female, aged thirty years old and below, single, with at least college level education. Birth order, the presence of night shifts, eight-hour shifts, length of service in years, and varying job designation in the unit were also identified. Majority of the respondents had not had any previous consultation with a mental health professional, and viewed having a support group in the workplace to be beneficial.@*CONCLUSION@#The staff members of the Neuropsychiatry unit perceived stress to be slightly higher than average.
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Background: Stress during pregnancy can have serious adverse outcomes on the mother, the foetus and the new-born. It can lead to low-birth-weight, preterm births and neuro-psychological effects such as anxiety and depression during pregnancy and puerperium. This cross-sectional research aims to assess the severity of stress among postnatal women in Kerala. This study analysed socio-demographic, obstetric, family dynamics, neonatal characteristics and psychiatric determinants of postpartum stress using perceived stress scale (PSS) among postnatal women in a tertiary hospital in Kerala state, India.Methods: 119 women between 2 to 6 weeks of postpartum period were subjected to a pre-tested pre-structured standard questionnaire. Terminal illness, still birth delivery and comorbid psychiatric illness was excluded. Screening and diagnosis of postpartum stress was done based on perceived stress scale (PSS) and graded as mild 0-13, moderate 14-26, severe 27-40.Results: Study findings indicated a statistically significant association between postpartum stress and risk factors such as unplanned/unwanted pregnancy. The mean age of women was 27±4.8 years. Support from spouse and in-laws was a negative predictor of developing both postnatal stress and depression. Family income, education of couple and husbands’ occupations were non-determinant factors (p>0.05) in this study. Psychiatric illness in the family and past history of psychiatric illness also contributed to postnatal stress. The most important variable which influenced perceived stress during pregnancy was lengthier NICU stay. Even breastfeeding problems and associated neonatal issues worsened the stress scales significantly in the immediate postnatal period.Conclusions: This research concluded that stress detection and timely counselling along with mental and physical support will mitigate stress and postpartum depression.
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Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), a common problem among adolescent girls, is associated with various physical, mental and behavioral symptoms that lead to social and occupational impairment. Stress has also been hypothesized to be an important etiologic factor. Examination stress may also be responsible for affecting the premenstrual symptoms. The objectives of this study was to study the impact of exam stress on the menstrual cycle and the relationship of perceived stress with the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among female medical students of final MBBS, who were candidate of upcoming exams. They were assessed on semi structured socio-demographic and menstrual history proforma, ACOG guidelines, DSM-5 criteria, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST).Results: As per ACOG guidelines, 66% participants had PMS and 6% participants had PMDD according to DSM-5 criteria. On PSST total 88% participants had premenstrual symptoms and out of them 58% had mild/no PMS while 30% had moderate to severe PMS. 5% participants also fulfilled criteria for PMDD on PSST. Stress was found to be mild in 26% and moderate in 74% participants on PSS. PMS was found in 93.75% participants who had painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea) and this association was statistically significant. Data wise 73.1% participants having mild stress had PMS, while 93.2% participants having moderate stress, had PMS and this association was found to be statistically significant. Surprisingly not a single participant consulted to any health care provider for their menstruation related problems.Conclusions: Premenstrual Syndrome is common in adolescent girls and exam stress is an important etiological factor. PMS/PMDD was found significantly higher in participants who had dysmenorrhea and moderate stress. A positive and highly significant correlation was also found between the severity of stress and severity of premenstrual symptoms.
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Background: Stress is inescapable part of modern life, where workplace is becoming a volatile stress factory for most employees. Occupational stress/work stress/job stress can occur when there is discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s ability to carry out and complete these demands. There is paramount need to address the factors which are leading to stress at the earliest since they are increasing rapidly. The objectives of the study were to determine the levels of stress among software professionals and to determine its association with key socio-demographic variables and with working environment.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among software professionals working in Madhapur area of Hyderabad using self-administered, pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data was analyzed using MS Excel and Epi Info software.Results: Among the study participants, 71.5% were males and 28.5% were females. Mean age of the study participants was 34.04±7.52 years. Around 45.25% were having low stress, 33.5% moderate stress and only 21.25% had high stress according to perceived stress scale. Significant association was found between stress and age, type of family, marital status, gender and working hours per day.Conclusions: In the study, most of them were having low stress according to perceived stress scale. Females were having high stress compared to males. Software professionals have to be educated on factors which are leading to stress to prevent its adverse effects.
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Background: Dysmenorrhea- one of the most common gynecological complaints among young adult females. The effect of various yogasanas has proven to reduce the pain caused during menstruation as a result of hormonal changes. In spite of the various methods, most women usually prefer to take analgesics as a primary treatment and do not seek other forms of medical help. This study aims to underscore the importance of performing yogasanas and to highlight its importance as a non-pharmacological form of treatment. Method: This study was an experimental study which included a total of 80 subjects. Age group was between 18-22 years (mean age 20.3 ± 2.1). They were divided into 2 groups – experimental and control group .The experimental group were made to perform yogasanas while the control group was made to perform core exercises for 4 sessions in a week of which 2 were supervised sessions. Subjects were recruited using the Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System for Dysmenorrhea (VMSS) and they were assessed using Moo’s Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. Statistical analysis was done of the Pre and Post data. Result: There was a significant difference within the groups (Experimental and Control) in regards to all the 3 outcome measures (P < 0.05). Between the groups, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the VMSS and Moo’s MDQ questionnaire while there was no significant change in the PSS score (P 0.641). Conclusion: Both, yogasanas and core exercises can be used in reducing menstrual pain. These are cost effective and can be done as a home exercise to aid in menstrual well-being and to help improve one’s quality of life.
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@#Introduction: Consistent with the significant of the stress issue in education, this study aimed to survey type of stressors and identifies the coping strategies used by diploma nursing students during clinical practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Kubang Kerian Nursing College, Kelantan which involved 346 respondents using simple random sampling method. The inclusion criteria were year one, two and three of nursing students who have clinical posting and voluntarily joining the study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Brief COPE inventory were utilised in the data collection. Higher mean score indicates higher degree of stress. Results: Clinical assignments and workload were the main stressor (mean = 3.19, SD = 1.09). Religion approach was the most coping strategy applied (mean = 3.30, SD = 0.71). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test found that six domains of stressors during clinical practices (taking care of patients; clinical educators/instructors and ward staff; clinical assignments and workload; peers and nursing students from other college; lack of professional knowledge and skills and clinical environment) were statistically significant correlation with coping strategies, where P-value < 0.05. Conclusion: Clinical assignment was the main stressor among nursing students; therefore, successful activities should be promoted to help them in managing clinical assignment and enhancing knowledge in religion.
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Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale-14 items (PSS-14) applied in cancer survivors.Methods:Totally 652 cancer survivors (patients who had finished active treatments and were in convalescence) were selected and a field questionnaire survey was conducted among them.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to test the construct validity of PSS-14.Correlation between the two dimensions (discriminant validity) and correlation between stress and quality of life were analyzed to further test its validity.The intemal consistency reliability,split-half reliability,retest reliability and sensitivity analysis were adopted to test the reliability of PSS-14.Results:Two common factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis.The cumulative percentage of variance explained was 60.8％.The index of confirmatory factor analysis were:TLI =0.92,CFI =0.93,SRMR =0.07,RMSEA =0.08.The correlation coefficient between the two dimensions of PSS-14 was-0.16 (P ＜0.001).The correlation coefficients between the score of PSS-14 and each dimension of EORTC QLQ-C30 were 0.24-0.55 (P ＜ 0.001).The Cronbach α coefficients of the whole scale and the two dimensions named "perceived coping ability" and "perceived distress" were 0.78,0.91 and 0.88 respectively.After the scale was split into two parts,the Cronbach α coefficients of each part were 0.66 and 0.60.The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.79.The Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.79.After one item was removed from the scale each time,the Cronbach a coefficients of the remaining items varied from 0.75 to 0.77.The retest reliability of the whole scale and the two dimensions were 0.89,0.86 and 0.85 respectively.Conclusion:PSS-14 shows favorable validity and reliability,suggesting the utility to assess stress of cancer survivors as a self-administered inventory.
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Background: Nurses are a vital component of our healthcare system. Their health would directly affect the delivery of healthcare to our patients. We designed a study to look at the health status and stress levels of staff nurses in our hospital. Methods: After ethics committee approval, we enrolled 100 staff nurses working at Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire with questions pertaining to their age, years of working experience and time taken to travel to work, and past medical history was administered. A brief clinical examination, routine investigations were performed. Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was administered. Results: Maximum respondents were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, majority of them had an experience of 15-20 years working in this hospital. When asked about their preferred choice of contraceptive, tubectomy was the most common response (49.5%). 3% were suffering from asthma , 12% had tuberculosis at some point in time and 8% had needle-stick injury. Their past medical history gave us an insight into various medical conditions they were suffering from. As per Cohen’s Perceived Stress scale, 88% of the nurses were under stress. Though all those with diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma and anaemia as well as greater proportion of those with complicated pregnancies and obesity, were under stress, we could not document statistically significant relationship between perceived stress scores and the above. Conclusion: This study gives us data about the health status of nurses working in our hospital. A high proportion of the staff nurses were stressed out. Future research should focus on effective interventions to reduce the stress levels amongst nurses.
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Introducción: El aumento de los niveles de estrés se convirtió en un problema para la salud de la población en general. Diferentes estudios demuestran que la realización de actividad física de manera regular disminuye la percepción de estrés psicológico en el individuo. Se sugiere que la relación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido varía entre los dominios de la actividad física realizada y los diferentes grupos poblacionales. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido en adultos residentes en barrios de estratos socioeconómicos 2 y 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en una población de 502 adultos residentes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Los participantes fueron entrevistados para obtener información acerca de la actividad física realizada y el nivel de estrés psicológico percibido. Además, se incluyeron en el estudio variables sociodemográficas y patrones de comportamiento. La información fue analizada mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado empleando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y usando el programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: Se determinó una asociación entre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el puntaje de estrés psicológico percibido en los participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusiones: Cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física, se asoció con una disminución en el nivel de estrés psicológico en los participantes, quienes presentaron en promedio -1,9 puntos menos en el puntaje del PSS, que quienes no las cumplen.
Introduction: Increased stress levels became a problem for the general population's health. Research studies show that individuals engaging regular physical activity have a decreased perception of psychological stress. The relationship between physical activity and perceived psychological stress has been suggested to vary across domains of physical activity and across population groups. Objective: To establish the association between physical activity and perceived psychological stress in adults living in neighborhoods of the 2nd and 3rd socio-economic strata of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: This observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 502 adult residents in the city of Bucaramanga. Individuals were interviewed to obtain information about physical activity and their level of perceived psychological stress. Data analysis will account for socio-demographic and behavior patterns using linear regression models, and it was performed in STATA® 11.0. Results: Meeting the physical activity recommendations was associated with a decrease in psychological stress levels in study participants (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusions: Complying with the recommendations of physical activity was associated with a decrease in the psychological stress level in the participants, who had an average -1.9 points lower PSS score than those who do not comply.
Introdução: o aumento dos níveis de stress converteu-se em um problema para a saúde da população em geral. Diferentes estudos demonstrm que a realização de atividade física de maneira regular diminui a percepção de stress psicológico no indivíduo. Sugerese que a relação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido varia entre os domínios da atividade física realizada e os diferentes grupos populacionais. Objetivo: Estabelecer a associação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido em adultos residentes em bairros de estratos socioeconómicos 2 e 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, em uma população de 502 adultos residentes na cidade de Bucaramanga. Os participantes foram entrevistados para obter informações acerca da atividade física realizada e o nível de stress psicológico percebido. Além disso, incluíram-se no estudo variáveis sócio-demográficas e patrões de comportamento. A informação foi analisada mediante análise bivariada e multivariada empregando modelos de regressão lineal múltipla e, usando o programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: se determinou uma associação entre o cumprimento das recomendações de atividade física da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a pontuação de stress psicológico percebido nos participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusões: cumprir com as recomendações de atividade física, associou-se com uma diminuição no nível de stress psicológico nos participantes, quem apresentaram -1,9 pontos menos em média na pontuação do PSS, que quem não as cumprem.
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Humanos , Estrés Psicológico , Ejercicio Físico , Causalidad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Colombia , Análisis de DatosRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the intermediary and regulating effect of self?esteem on per?ceived stress and training burnout among accelerated plateau soldiers. Methods A total of 700 accelerated plateau soldiers were investigated which were chosen by a random cluster sampling method,and assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale, Self?esteem Scale and Self?compiled Soldiers' Training Burnout Questionnaire. Results ( 1) The total score of training burnout,the score of physical and mental exhaustion and the score of training alienated among soldiers who had a history of training injury (27.85±5.80,14.89±3.46 and 6.89± 2.26,respectively) were significantly higher than those of soldiers who didn't have a history of training injury (25.05±5.12,12.68±3.25 and 6.16±2.78,respectively),and the differences were significant ( t= 4.321, 5.764,2.825,all P<0.01). The total score of training burnout,the score of physical and mental exhaustion and the score of training alienated among soldiers who had a high training expectation were higher than those of soldiers who didn't have a high training expectation,and the differences were significant (P<0.01). (2) Among accelerated plateau soldiers,training burnout showed significantly positive correlation with perceived stress ( r=0.323, P<0.01),and significantly negative correlation with self?esteem ( r=-0.409, P<0.01). (3) The intermediary role of self?esteem between perceived stress and training burnout was remarkable (P<0.01) ,which accounted for 33.8% of the total effect,and self?esteem also had a regulating effect (P<0.05) . Conclusion Radical plateau soldiers have remarkable differences due to the history of training injury or training expectations,and self?esteem has partial intermediary and regulating effect between perceived stress and training burnout.
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Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar a análise fatorial confirmatória da Escala de Estresse Percebido (Perceived Stress Scale - PSS), nas versões traduzidas de 14, 10 e 4 itens; analisar sua validade concorrente com o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12); mapear o perfil do estresse em uma amostra representativa da população; e estabelecer parâmetros de avaliação do estresse por meio da normatização dos escores da população total. A amostragem foi de base populacional, em formato de conglomerado por setores censitários. Participaram 1.154 habitantes de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (55,6%), com nível de escolaridade em ensino médio (51,7%), empregados (72,7%) e não tabagistas (90,6%). As medianas de renda e idade ficaram em R$ 1.200,00 e 29 anos. Ao final, constatou-se que houve ajustes satisfatórios para as três versões da PSS apenas em seu modelo bifatorial e a escala com 10 itens se mostrou uma solução harmônica entre as versões completa e mais reduzida, considerando-se a relação entre a parcimônia na quantidade de itens e a robustez estatística deste instrumento. Ademais, a PSS ratificou sua validade concorrente com o QSG-12 e foi feita a normatização dos escores da PSS, estabelecendo-se parâmetros para comparação em futuros estudos.
This study aimed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in the Brazilian versions of 14, 10, 4 items; to analyze their concurrent validity with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); to map the profile of the stress in a representative sampling; and to establish stress assessment parameters by the standardization of the scores from overall population. The sample was population-based by conglomerate designs and clusters tracts. Thus, 1,154 inhabitants from a capital city of a northeastern state of Brazil participated in the study, mostly female (55.6%), with high school degree (51.7%), employed (72.7%), and nonsmokers (90.6%). The average income and age were BRL 1,200.00 and 29 years old, respectively. By the end, it was found satisfactory adjustments for the three PSS versions but just in its two-factor model; the PSS with 10 items was shown as a harmonious solution between the full and reduced scales considering the relationship between parsimony and statistical robustness of the scale. Furthermore, the PSS ratified its concurrent validity with the GHQ-12. It was also made the scores normalization of the PSS setting up parameters for future comparisons.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Análisis Factorial , PsicometríaRESUMEN
O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a dimensionalidade da Escala de Estresse Percebido em sua versão de 10 itens (PSS-10) em uma amostra de professores (N = 517). Uma análise fatorial exploratória pelo método de extração minimum rank factor analysis, utilizando a matriz de correlações policóricas e o critério de análise paralela para retenção dos fatores indicou a solução unifatorial como a mais ajustada aos dados. Os itens possuíram cargas fatoriais adequadas e o fator retido explicou 67% da variância comum dos escores, apresentando consistência interna (a = 0,80). Este estudo fornece evidências de validade da PSS-10 no contexto brasileiro.
The present study aimed to investigate the dimensionality of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in a sample of school teachers (N = 517). An exploratory factor analysis done by the extraction method of minimum rank factor analysis, using polychoric correlation matrix and parallel analysis criterion for factor retention, indicated a one-factor solution as the best fit to the data. The items showed adequate factor loadings and the retained factor explained 67% of common scores variance, presenting internal consistency (a = .80). This study provides validity evidences of the PSS-10 for the Brazilian context.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Docentes , Psicometría , Educación Primaria y SecundariaRESUMEN
Objective To explore the applicability of the Perceived Stress Scale(PSS) in Chinese medical students.Methods 773 medical students completed the PSS and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS).The reliability and validity of the PSS were analyzed.Results The exploratory factor analysis showed that two factors were extracted from the scale,which could explain 53.74％ of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis verified that the structure of the PSS was two-dimensional (x2/df =2.863,CFI =0.943,TLI =0.924,GFI =0.951,AGFI =0.921,RMSEA =0.07).The internal consistency coefficient of the PSS,the perceived stress subscale and the perceived coping ability subscale were 0.858,0.852 and 0.750.The relationship between the PSS and the DASS was significant,which demonstrated that the PSS had a good criterion-related validity.In addition,t-test showed that girls had a higher level of the perceived stress than boys (t =-2.574,P =0.01),and students who lived in rural had a higher level of the perceived stress than students who lived in urban (t =2.788,P =0.005).Conclusion The study indicates that the PSS has a high level of the reliability and validity,and it is worthy of exploring the perceived stress in medical students.
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OBJECTIVES: Perceived stress scale is a self-report inventory to estimate the degree of individual perceived stress in daily life. The aim of this study was to introduce this scale and test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSS. METHODS: The total of 154 female hospital workers were included in this study. The survey questionnaires were conducted for demographic information. All participants were required to complete PSS, Hamilton Anxiety scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Reliability and validity studies were conducted and internal consistency was examined. RESULTS: The mean score of the PSS reported in this sample was 20.69+/-4.56. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.819, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.66. PSS had a significant positive correlation with the HAM-A(r=0.49, p<0.01), and the BDI(r=0.55, p<0.01). Factor analysis yielded 2 factors with eigenvalues of 3.924 and 2.608, accounting for 65 percent of variance. Factor 1 represented "stress" and factor 2 represented "control of stress". CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the PSS is appropriate for estimating the perceived stress levels. These results support the use of PSS in large sections of the population in Korea.
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Femenino , Humanos , Contabilidad , Ansiedad , Depresión , Corea (Geográfico) , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Aims: The purpose of this study was to provide factorial analytic findings, construct validation and normative data for the Malaysian diabetic patients. Gender difference was also examined with racial response to PSS-10. Study design: Population base cross sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Penang between Nov 2009 and March 2010. Methodology: Cluster random sampling technique was employed for the selection participants in the community. A total of 1924 diabetic patients with age ≥ 18 (mean age = 39.51) were approached; 992 of them were female and 932 of them were male. People rated how often they had experienced these feelings in the last week on a five-point Likert scale from 0 = never to 4 = very often. The scale was translated into Malay language independently by two psychological counselors who had at least a master’s degree and bilingual efficiency. The LISREL 8.30 program was used to assenting factor analysis. Chisquare (χ 2)/df (degree of freedom) ratio, GFI (goodness of fit index), AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to evaluate the fit of the model (two-factor). Results: Barlett’s test of sphericity was 1603.417 (p<0.001) and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of the sampling adequacy was 0.83. Varimax rotation was conducted with these two identified factors. Factor A integrated items 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 10, labeled as ‘Perceived Avoidance’ while Factor B containing items 4, 5, 7, 8 and labeled as ‘Perceived Controllable’. Item variance showed 45.73 per cent of accountability with Factor A and 13.43 per cent with Factor B. Mandatory factor analysis for the two-factor of Malaysian version of PSS yielded: GFIs: χ 2 (39) = 127.846, p<0.001, χ 2/df= 4.1; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.06 and CFI = 0.99. Conclusion: PSS-10 is a reliable tool for assessing the stress measures among diabetic living of the society. High stress level is identified among the females as compared to male diabetic patients. Overall the whole cohort has high perceived stress level.